1935 Canadian federal election

1935 Canadian federal election
← outgoing members elected members →
245 seats in the House of Commons ; 123 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	74.2% (0.7pp)
	The Canadian parliament after the 1935 election
Prime Minister before election; R. B. Bennett ; Conservative	Prime Minister after election; William Lyon Mackenzie King ; Liberal

Last updated November 02, 2024

The 1935 Canadian federal election was held on October 14, 1935, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 18th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King won a majority government, defeating Prime Minister R. B. Bennett's Conservatives.^[2]

The central issue was the economy, which was still in the depths of the Great Depression. In office since the 1930 election, Bennett had sought to stimulate the economy during his first few years through a policy of high tariffs and trade within the British Empire. In the last months of his time in office, he reversed his position, copying the popular New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt in the United States. Upset about high unemployment and inaction by the federal government, voters were unwilling to allow the Conservatives to continue to govern, despite their change of policy.

The Conservatives were also suffering severe internal divisions. During his first years in office, Bennett had alienated those in his party who supported intervention in the economy. His last minute conversion to interventionism alienated the rest of the party. Former cabinet minister H.H. Stevens left to form the Reconstruction Party. Senior minister Sir Joseph Flavelle announced he would be supporting the Liberals.

Voters opted for Mackenzie King's promise of mild reforms to restore economic health. The Liberals crushed the Tories, winning 173 seats to the Conservatives' 39, the worst ever performance by the Tories until their collapse in 1993. The Liberal Party would continue to hold power until 1957.

The 1935 election was also important in it saw the final demise of the Progressive Party and the United Farmers of Alberta. The Progressive Party, having been in gradual decline over the previous decade, did not run any candidates under its own banner. The federal party, always highly decentralized, ceased to exist sometime circa 1940. However,Liberal-Progressive Premier of Manitoba John Bracken brought the name back into formal use when he moved to federal politics in 1942; his first act as leader of the Conservatives was to rechristen them the Progressive Conservative Party.

The United Farmers of Alberta, whose credibility was ruined by a sex scandal involving former leader John E. Brownlee, lost all their seats in the provincial election earlier that year, and subsequently withdrew from electoral politics, likewise fielding no candidates in this federal election.

Two new movements rose out of the west, however. The new Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a social democratic party, first competed in this election and won seven seats, promising social reform. The Social Credit Party of Canada was even more successful, capturing seventeen seats on its platform of monetary reform despite winning less of the popular vote than the former. Fifteen of these seats were in Alberta, where the party dominated after having swept to power in a landslide less than two months before the federal vote. John Horne Blackmore was chosen to lead the Social Credit caucus after the election. The de facto leader of the national movement was Alberta Premier William Aberhart, who did not stand in the federal election himself.

National results

Party		Party leader	# of candidates	Seats			Popular vote
Party		Party leader	# of candidates	1930	Elected	% Change	#	%	pp Change
	Liberal	W. L. Mackenzie King	245	90	173	+92.2%	1,967,839	44.68%	+0.65
	Conservative	R. B. Bennett	228	134	39	-70.9%	1,290,671	29.30%	-18.48
	Social Credit		46	*	17	*	180,679	4.10%	*
	Co-operative Commonwealth	J. S. Woodsworth	121	*	7	*	410,125	9.31%	*
	Liberal–Progressive		5	3	4	+33.3%	29,569	0.67%	-0.48
	Reconstruction	H.H. Stevens	172	*	1	*	384,462	8.73%	*
	Independent Liberal		24	-	1		54,239	1.23%	+0.86
	Independent		14	2	1	-50.0%	17,897	0.40%	-0.15
	United Farmers of Ontario-Labour		1	-	1		7,210	0.16%	+0.16
	Independent Conservative		4	-	1		1,078	0.02%	-0.24
	Communist	Tim Buck	12	-	-	-	20,140	0.46%	+0.34
	Labour		5	2	-	-100%	14,423	0.33%	-0.35
	Progressive-Conservative		2	1	-	-100%	12,220	0.28%	-0.13
	Verdun		1	*	-	*	4,214	0.10%	*
	Anti-Communist		1	*	-	*	3,961	0.09%	*
	Unknown		2	-	-	-	2,717	0.08%	-0.11
	Independent Reconstructionist		1	*	0	*	865	0.02%	*
	Technocrat		1	*	0	*	733	0.02%	*
	Liberal-Labour		3	-	-	-	708	0.02%	-0.17
	Socialist Party of Canada (WSM)		1	*	-	*	251	0.01%	*
	Independent Labour		1	-	-	-	221	0.01%	-0.41
	Veteran		1	*	-	*	79	x	*
Total			891	245	245	-	4,404,301	100%
Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Vote and seat summaries

Popular vote

Liberal			44.68%
Conservative			29.84%
CCF			9.31%
Reconstruction			8.73%
Social Credit			4.10%
Others			3.88%

Seat totals

Liberal			70.61%
Conservative			15.91%
Social Credit			6.93%
CCF			2.85%
Reconstruction			0.40%
Others			3.26%

Results by province

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	YK	Total
	Liberal	Seats won by party:	6	1	16	10	56	59	9	12	4	-	173
	Liberal	Popular Vote (%):	31.8	21.6	40.8	31.7	42.2	56.0	57.2	52.7	58.3	44.4	44.7
	Conservative	Seats:	5	1	1	1	25	5	1	-	-		39
	Conservative	Vote:	24.9	17.6	18.0	27.9	35.8	27.5	31.9	34.5	38.4		29.8
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Seats:	3	-	2	2	-	-					7
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Vote:	32.7	12.0	21.3	19.4	8.0	0.6					8.8
	Social Credit	Seats:	-	15	2	-							17
	Social Credit	Vote:	0.6	46.6	17.8	2.0							4.1
	Liberal-Progressive	Seats:				4							4
	Liberal-Progressive	Vote:				10.5							0.7
	Reconstruction	Seats:	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		1
	Reconstruction	Vote:	7.3	0.7	1.3	5.9	11.4	9.3	9.7	12.7	3.4		8.7
	Independent Liberal	Seats:				-	-	1	-	-			1
	Independent Liberal	Vote:				0.2	0.6	3.8	0.4	3			1.2
	Independent	Seats:	1			-	-	-	-				1
	Independent	Vote:	1.8			0.1	0.2	0.7	0.8				0.4
	UFO-Labour	Seats:					1						1
	UFO-Labour	Vote:					0.5						0.2
	Independent Conservative	Seats:						-				1	1
	Independent Conservative	Vote:						xx				55.6	xx
Total Seats			16	17	21	17	82	65	10	12	4	1	245
Parties that won no seats:
	Communist	Vote:	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.3					0.5
	Farmer-Labour	Vote:	0.3				0.5	0.5					0.3
	Progressive-Conservative	Vote:				0.5		0.7					0.1
	Verdun	Vote:						0.4					0.1
	Anti-Communist	Vote:					0.2						0.1
	Unknown	Vote:					0.x	0.x					0.1
	Independent Reconstruction	Vote:						0.1					xx
	Technocrat	Vote:		0.3									xx
	Liberal-Labour	Vote:						0.1					xx
	Socialist	Vote:	0.1										xx
	Independent Labour	Vote:						0.x					xx
	Veteran	Vote:						0.x					xx

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote

Notes

↑ Aberhart was Premier of Alberta, and represented the provincial seat of Okotoks-High River, but was not a candidate in the federal election. John Horne Blackmore acted as Social Credit's parliamentary leader afterwards.

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References

↑ "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
↑ Reid, Escott (1936). "The Canadian Election of 1935—and After". American Political Science Review. 30 (1): 111–121. doi:10.2307/1948012. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1948012. S2CID 147100835.

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[2] Aberhart was Premier of Alberta, and represented the provincial seat of Okotoks-High River, but was not a candidate in the federal election. John Horne Blackmore acted as Social Credit's parliamentary leader afterwards.

[1] "Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums". Elections Canada. Retrieved March 10, 2019.

[3] Reid, Escott (1936). "The Canadian Election of 1935—and After". American Political Science Review. 30 (1): 111–121. doi:10.2307/1948012. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1948012. S2CID 147100835.

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