By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

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By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament
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By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament may be held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2021 federal election and the 45th federal election. The 44th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2021 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 44th Canadian federal election held on September 20, 2021. The Liberal Party of Canada has a minority government during this Parliament, supported by the New Democratic Party in a confidence-and-supply agreement. [1] The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.

Contents

Six by-elections have been held during the 44th Parliament. They have taken place in the following constituencies: Mississauga—Lakeshore, following the resignation of Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to take on a role at the United Nations on May 27, 2022; [2] in Winnipeg South Centre, left vacant following the death of Liberal MP Jim Carr on December 12, 2022; in Oxford, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie on January 28, 2023; in Portage—Lisgar, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen on February 28, 2023; in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau on March 8, 2023; and in Calgary Heritage, following the resignation of Conservative MP Bob Benzen on December 31, 2022, to return to the private sector. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Additional by-elections are expected in Durham, following Conservative MP Erin O'Toole's resignation on August 1, 2023; in Toronto—St. Paul's, following Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett's resignation on January 16, 2024; [9] [10] and in LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, following the resignation of Liberal MP David Lametti on February 1, 2024.

The writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the chief electoral officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day and the maximum length is 50 days. [11]

Overview

Electoral districtDate vacatedDate writ issuedBy-election datePrevious incumbentPartyCauseWinnerPartyRetained
Mississauga—Lakeshore May 27, 2022November 6, 2022December 12, 2022 Sven Spengemann Liberal Resigned to accept a position with the United Nations Charles Sousa Liberal Yes
Winnipeg South Centre December 12, 2022May 14, 2023 [12] June 19, 2023 [12] Jim Carr Liberal Death (multiple myeloma and kidney failure) Ben Carr Liberal Yes
Oxford January 28, 2023May 14, 2023 [12] June 19, 2023 [12] Dave MacKenzie Conservative Retirement Arpan Khanna Conservative Yes
Portage—Lisgar February 28, 2023May 14, 2023 [12] June 19, 2023 [12] Candice Bergen Conservative Resignation Branden Leslie Conservative Yes
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount March 8, 2023May 14, 2023 [12] June 19, 2023 [12] Marc Garneau Liberal Retirement Anna Gainey Liberal Yes
Calgary Heritage December 31, 2022June 18, 2023 [13] July 24, 2023 Bob Benzen Conservative Resigned to return to the private sector Shuvaloy Majumdar Conservative Yes
Durham August 1, 2023January 28, 2024March 4, 2024 Erin O'Toole Conservative Resignation Jamil Jivani Conservative Yes
Toronto—St. Paul's January 16, 2024No earlier than January 27, 2024
No later than July 14, 2024 [14] 		No earlier than March 4, 2024
No later than September 2, 2024 [15] 		Carolyn Bennett Liberal Resigned to accept appointment as Ambassador to Denmark
LaSalle—Émard—Verdun February 1, 2024No earlier than February 12, 2024
No later than July 30, 2024 [16] 		No earlier than March 25, 2024
No later than September 16, 2024 [17] 		David Lametti Liberal Resigned to join law firm
Elmwood—Transcona March 31, 2024No earlier than April 13, 2024
No later than September 29, 2024 [18] 		No earlier than May 20, 2024
No later than November 18, 2024 [19] 		Daniel Blaikie New Democratic Resigned to work in Premier of Manitoba Wab Kinew's office

December 12, 2022 by-election

Mississauga—Lakeshore

The riding of Mississauga—Lakeshore was vacated on May 27, 2022 following the resignation of Liberal MP Sven Spengemann to accept a position with the United Nations. [2] Spengemann had represented the riding since 2015, when he defeated Conservative incumbent Stella Ambler.

Running for the Liberals was former MPP Charles Sousa, who represented the area provincially from 2007 to 2018 and previously served in the provincial cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne, including as Minister of Finance from 2013 to 2018. [20] [21] [22] Alex Crombie, a former Queen's Park staffer and son of Mississauga mayor Bonnie Crombie, was seen as a potential candidate prior to Sousa's nomination. [23]

Running for the Conservatives was Ron Chhinzer, a police officer. [21] Michael Ras, who finished second to Spengemann in 2021, considered running for the nomination before declining. [20]

The NDP nominated Julia Cole, who ran for the seat's provincial counterpart in the provincial election earlier in the year, while running for the Greens was Mary Kidnew, a past president of the Hillcrest Ratepayers Association. [21] [24]

Rhinoceros Party leader Sébastien CoRhino contested the by-election. [25] As well, the Rhinoceros Party organized a protest against the Trudeau government's abandonment of electoral reform in 2017 by running thirty-two[ citation needed ] independent candidates, breaking their own record for most candidates nominated in a single riding in Canada, previously set in the riding of Saint Boniface—Saint Vital in the 2021 Canadian federal election. [26]

Canadian federal by-election, December 12, 2022 : Mississauga—Lakeshore
Resignation of Sven Spengemann
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Charles Sousa 12,76651.45+6.50
Conservative Ron Chhinzer9,21537.14-1.54
New Democratic Julia Kole1,2314.96-4.79
Green Mary Kidnew7923.19+0.94
People's Khaled Al-Sudani2931.18-3.03
Independent Sean Carson480.19—
Independent Charles Currie440.18—
Independent Patrick Strzalkowski380.15—
Independent Peter House310.12—
Independent Mélodie Anderson290.12—
Rhinoceros Sébastien CoRhino240.10-0.07
Independent Conrad Lukawski230.09—
Independent Adam Smith230.09—
Independent Stephen Davis210.08—
Independent Marie-Hélène LeBel170.07—
Independent Eliana Rosenblum170.07—
Independent Myriam Beaulieu160.06—
Independent Roger Sherwood140.06—
Independent John The Engineer Turmel 140.06—
Independent Jevin David Carroll120.05—
Independent Spencer Rocchi120.05—
Independent Tomas Szuchewycz120.05—
Independent Julie St-Amand110.04—
Independent Mark Dejewski110.04—
Independent Julian Selody100.04—
Independent Ben Teichman100.04—
Independent Mylène Bonneau90.04—
Independent Kerri Hildebrandt90.04—
Independent Line Bélanger80.03—
Independent Alexandra Engering80.03—
Independent Samuel Jubinville80.03—
Independent Jean-Denis Parent Boudreault70.03—
Independent Daniel Gagnon70.03—
Independent Darcy Justin Vanderwater60.02—
Independent Donovan Eckstrom50.02—
Independent Donald Gagnon50.02—
Independent Martin Acetaria Caesar Jubinville30.01—
Independent Ysack Dupont20.01—
Independent Pascal St-Amand20.01—
Independent Alain Lamontagne10.00—
Total valid votes24,814
Total rejected ballots1350.54
Turnout24,94927.76
Eligible voters89,863
Liberal hold Swing +4.02
Source: Elections Canada [27] [28]

Polling

Polling FirmLast Date
of Polling		Link Liberal Cons. NDP Green PPC OthersUndecidedMargin
of Error [1] 		Sample
Size [2] 		Polling Method [3]
Mainstreet Research October 27, 2022 PDF 38.635.56.04.11.11.513.2±4.3 pp521IVR

June 19, 2023 by-elections

Winnipeg South Centre

The riding of Winnipeg South Centre was vacated on December 12, 2022 following the death of Liberal MP and former cabinet minister Jim Carr. [3] Carr had represented the riding since 2015, when he defeated Conservative incumbent Joyce Bateman, and had been battling multiple myeloma and kidney failure since 2019. Carr also defeated Bateman in rematches in 2019 and 2021.

Running for the Liberals is Carr's son Ben Carr, an educator and former staffer to Mélanie Joly. [29] [30] [31] Winnipeg city councillor Sherri Rollins briefly ran for the nomination before withdrawing and throwing her support behind Carr. [32] [33]

The Conservatives have nominated Damir Stipanovic, an air traffic controller and member of the Royal Canadian Air Force Reserve. [31]

Running again after previously running in 2021 are NDP candidate Julia Riddell, a clinical psychologist, and Green candidate Doug Hemmerling, a local educator. [31]

The Longest Ballot Committee chose Winnipeg South Centre as its target for this group of byelections; the group protests the first-past-the-post election method by registering large numbers of independents in one riding in an election or group of byelections. [34]

Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 : Winnipeg South Centre
Death of Jim Carr
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Ben Carr 14,27855.49+9.94
Conservative Damir Stipanovic6,10023.70-4.11
New Democratic Julia Riddell3,77814.68-5.95
Green Doug Hemmerling6982.71-0.04
People's Tylor Baer3241.26-1.51
Rhinoceros Sébastien CoRhino550.21
Independent Tait Palsson520.20
Independent Jevin David Carroll360.14
Independent John Dale290.11
Independent Glen MacDonald270.10
Independent Connie Lukawski240.09
Independent Paul Stewart220.09
Independent Patrick Strzalkowski190.07
Independent Mark Dejewski180.07
Independent Stella Galas160.06
Independent Demetrios Karavas160.06
Independent Myriam Beaulieu140.05
Independent Christopher Clacio140.05
Independent Alain Bourgault130.05
Independent Martin "Acetaria Caesar" Jubinville130.05
Independent Krzysztof Krzywinski130.05
Independent Alain Lamontagne110.04
Independent Marie-Hélène LeBel110.04
Independent Jordan Wong110.04
Independent Line Bélanger100.04
Independent Andrew Kozakewich100.04
Independent Eliana Rosenblum100.04
Independent Gerrit Dogger90.03
Independent Julie St-Amand90.03
Independent Alexandra Engering80.03
Independent Anthony Hamel80.03
Independent Darcy Justin Vanderwater80.03
Independent Roger Sherwood70.03
Independent Pascal St-Amand70.03
Independent Dji-Pé Frazer60.02
Independent Daniel Gagnon60.02
Independent Spencer Rocchi60.02
Independent Mário Stocco60.02
Independent Manon Marie Lili Desbiens50.02
Independent Ysack Émile Dupont50.02
Independent Yusuf Nasihi50.02
Independent Jaël Champagne Gareau40.02
Independent Donovan Eckstrom30.01
Independent Ryan Huard20.01
Independent Lorant Polya20.01
Independent Benjamin Teichman20.01
Independent Gavin Vanderwater20.01
Independent Saleh Waziruddin10.00
Total valid votes25,73399.52
Total rejected ballots1250.48-0.26
Turnout25,85836.82-32.79
Eligible voters70,230
Liberal hold Swing +7.02
Source: Elections Canada [35]

Oxford

The riding of Oxford was vacated on January 28, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie, who had held the seat since 2004. [5]

Arpan Khanna, the party's national outreach chair and 2019 candidate in Brampton North [36] defeated Woodstock city-county councillor Deb Tait, MacKenzie's daughter and former ministerial staffer Rick Roth for the Conservative nomination. [37] [38] Gerrit Van Dorland, executive assistant to Cypress Hills—Grasslands MP Jeremy Patzer was running for the nomination until he was disqualified by the Conservatives over a dispute about whether he disclosed information to the party. [39] In February 2023, MacKenzie accused the party of supporting Khanna, which he argues is a violation of the party nomination rules based on the Conservative's code of conduct, during the race. [40] [41]

Running for the Liberals is local realtor, former educator, and past Woodstock mayoral candidate David Hilderley. [42] [43] Citing concerns with the Conservative nomination process, previous MP Dave MacKenzie endorsed Hilderley in April 2023. [42]

Western University professor Cody Groat defeated Matthew Chambers, the party candidate for the riding in the 2019 and 2021 elections for the NDP nomination. [44] [45]

Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 : Oxford
Resignation of Dave MacKenzie
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Arpan Khanna 16,68842.92-4.13
Liberal David Hilderley14,16436.43+15.90
New Democratic Cody Groat 4,05310.42-7.86
Christian Heritage John Markus1,6724.30+3.53
People's Wendy Martin1,2783.29-7.36
Green Cheryle Baker8542.20-0.52
Independent John The Engineer Turmel 1710.44
Total valid votes38,88099.38
Total rejected ballots2430.62+0.01
Turnout39,12339.81-25.08
Eligible voters98,270
Conservative hold Swing -10.01
Source: Elections Canada [46]

Portage—Lisgar

The riding of Portage—Lisgar was vacated on February 28, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen. [47] [7] Bergen, a cabinet minister in the government of Stephen Harper and the interim leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of the Opposition from February to September 2022, had held the seat since 2008.

Bergen's former campaign manager Branden Leslie defeated Rejeanne Caron, the party's 2019 candidate in Saint Boniface—Saint Vital and 2021 candidate in Elmwood—Transcona; Winkler resident Don Cruickshank, [48] Morden-Winkler MLA and former Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba cabinet minister Cameron Friesen; [49] and Lawrence Toet, the MP for Elmwood—Transcona from 2011 to 2015 for the Conservative nomination. [6] [50] [51] Liz Reimer, a Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba staffer and former assistant to Friesen, and Josh Okello were previously running for the nomination, however after Friesen announced his campaign they withdrew their bids in order to run for the Progressive Conservative nomination in Morden-Winkler. [52] [53] [54]

Maxime Bernier, who is the former MP Beauce and the current leader of the People's Party of Canada, announced on May 12, 2023, that he would run for the seat. [55] [56] [57]

The Liberals announced Kerry Smith as their candidate on May 13. [58]

Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 : Portage—Lisgar
Resignation of Candice Bergen
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Branden Leslie 20,25064.95+12.43
People's Max Bernier 5,35217.16−4.42
Liberal Kerry Smith2,6668.55−2.40
New Democratic Lisa Tessier-Burch2,2087.08−6.30
Green Nicolas Geddert7042.26–
Total valid votes31,18099.40
Total rejected ballots1880.60−0.15
Turnout31,36845.47−20.77
Eligible voters68,988
Conservative hold Swing +8.42
Source: Elections Canada [59]

Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount

The riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount was vacated on March 8, 2023, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau. [8] Garneau, previously the Minister of Transport and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Justin Trudeau, had held the seat since 2008.

Running for the Liberals is Anna Gainey, former president of the party and daughter of former Montreal Canadiens General Manager Bob Gainey. [60] [61] Gainey won the Liberal nomination on May 15, 2023, defeating Fred Headon, vice president and general counsel of Air Canada, and 2021 La Pointe-de-l'Île candidate Jonas Fadeu. [62] [61]

Human rights activist and Green Party deputy leader Jonathan Pedneault was announced as the party's candidate on May 15, 2023. [63]

Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 : Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount
Resignation of Marc Garneau
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Anna Gainey 11,05150.87-2.90
New Democratic Jean-François Filion3,00113.81-5.39
Conservative Mathew Kaminski2,93613.51-0.55
Green Jonathan Pedneault2,92213.45+9.42
Bloc Québécois Laurence Massey9854.53-0.75
Centrist Alex Trainman Montagano5102.35
People's Tiny Olinga1410.65-2.64
Rhinoceros Sean Carson970.45
Christian Heritage Yves Gilbert650.30+0.17
No Affiliation [lower-alpha 1] Félix Vincent Ardea180.08
Total valid votes21,72699.25
Total rejected ballots1650.75-0.22
Turnout29.93-32.63
Eligible voters73,152
Liberal hold Swing +1.25
Source: Elections Canada [64]
  1. ↑ Ardea is a member of the Communist League, an unregistered party; "No Affiliation" is EC's term for leaving the party affiliation blank on a candidate's registration form.

July 24, 2023 by-election

Calgary Heritage

The riding of Calgary Heritage was vacated on December 31, 2022 following the October 20 announcement from Conservative MP Bob Benzen that he would resign his seat by the end of the year in order to return to the private sector. Benzen had held the seat since a 2017 by-election in which he was elected to replace former Prime Minister and former Conservative leader Stephen Harper. [4] [65] The by-election was called for July 24, 2023, following the conclusion of the 2023 Alberta general election. [66]

Shuvaloy Majumdar, global director for Harper's international consulting firm Harper & Associates defeated former parliamentary staffer Quinn Heffron for the Conservative nomination. [67] [68] [37] Elliot Weinstein was acclaimed as the candidate for the Liberal Party. [69]

Canadian federal by-election, July 24, 2023 : Calgary Heritage
Resignation of Bob Benzen
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Shuv Majumdar 15,85365.63+7.98
Liberal Elliot Weinstein3,46514.34-2.39
New Democratic Gurmit Bhachu3,42914.20-3.21
People's Kelly Lorencz6562.72-2.29
Green Ravenmoon Crocker4071.68+0.26
Christian Heritage Larry R. Heather 1440.60-
Maverick Dan Irving1310.54-0.79
No AffiliationDonovan Eckstrom710.29-
Total valid votes24,156100.00
Total rejected ballots570.24-0.34
Turnout24,21328.89-37.00
Eligible voters83,799
Conservative hold Swing +5.13
Source: Elections Canada [70]

March 4, 2024 by-election

Durham

The riding of Durham, represented by former Conservative leader Erin O'Toole, was vacated on August 1, 2023 following his resignation and retirement from politics. [71] [9] O'Toole, who led the party from 2020 to 2022 and served as Minister of Veterans Affairs in the government of Stephen Harper, has held the seat since a 2012 by-election.

Jamil Jivani, conservative commentator and former president of the Canada Strong and Free Network, won the Conservative Party nomination, defeating Theresa Corless, a former Durham Catholic School Board chair. [72]

Robert Rock, a Scugog township councillor, was acclaimed as the candidate for the Liberal Party. [73] Rock previously sought the nomination for the Conservatives, [74] but was not a contestant when the riding association chose its candidate. [75]

The Rhinoceros Party announced its candidate on January 13. [76]

On January 28, 2024, Prime Minister Trudeau announced that the by-election would be held on March 4, 2024. [77]

Canadian federal by-election, March 4, 2024 : Durham
Resignation of Erin O'Toole
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Jamil Jivani 18,61057.44+11.04
Liberal Robert Rock7,28522.48–7.44
New Democratic Chris Borgia3,36310.38–7.14
People's Patricia Conlin1,4354.43–1.07
Green Kevin MacKenzie6982.15
Independent Pranay Gunti3741.15
Centrist Khalid Qureshi3361.04
UnitedGrant Abraham2380.73
Rhinoceros Adam Smith620.19–0.03
Total valid votes32,401
Total rejected ballots
Turnout32,40127.87–33.32
Eligible voters116,259
Conservative hold Swing +9.24
Source: Elections Canada [78]

Upcoming by-elections

Toronto—St. Paul's

The riding of Toronto—St. Paul's was vacated on January 16, 2024, following the resignation of Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett. [10] [79] Bennett, most recently the Minister of Mental Health and Addictions and Associate Minister of Health in the government of Justin Trudeau, had held the seat since 1997.

Running for the Liberal nomination was Leslie Church, former chief of staff to Chrystia Freeland. [80] She later received formal approval to run for Liberal nomination in Toronto—St. Paul’s in April 2024. [81] She ran against Emma Richardson, a senior advisor with Global Affairs Canada’s United Nations division. [82] The Liberal nomination was held on May 1 with Church winning the nomination. [83] [84]

Other prospective candidates for the Liberal nomination who declined to run, included former Toronto city councillor Josh Colle; former Ontario MPP Eric Hoskins, who represented the area provincially from 2009 to 2018 and previously served in the provincial cabinets of Dalton McGuinty and Kathleen Wynne, including as Minister of Health and Long-Term Care from 2014 to 2018; and Toronto city councillor Josh Matlow, who has represented the area municipally since 2010; Matlow ultimately decided not to run. [80] [85] [86] With his riding set to merge with Scarborough Centre at the next election, Don Valley East MP Michael Coteau was seen as a potential candidate, in order to avoid a nomination battle with fellow Liberal MP Salma Zahid; Coteau ultimately declined to run. [85] [87]

The Rhinoceros Party announced that Sean Carson would be the candidate on January 13. [76]

The Conservative Party nominated Don Stewart on January 24. He works for the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization. [88] [89]

The NDP announced on April 17 that Amrit Parhar would be the candidate. She works as the Director of Programs at the Institute for Change Leaders, an organization that was founded by Toronto mayor, Olivia Chow. [90] It was previously reported two days earlier by The Hill Times that MPP for Toronto—St. Paul's, Jill Andrew was considering seeking the nomination. [91]

The Longest Ballot Committee has chosen the riding for its next target; [92] this may result in dozens of independent candidates.

Canadian federal by-election, TBD: Toronto—St. Paul's
Resignation of Carolyn Bennett
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Leslie Church
Conservative Don Stewart
New Democratic Amrit Parhar
Green
People's
Rhinoceros Sean Carson
Total valid votes
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters

LaSalle—Émard—Verdun

The riding of LaSalle—Émard—Verdun was vacated on February 1, 2024, following the resignation of Liberal MP David Lametti. [93] Lametti, who previously served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General in the government of Justin Trudeau, won the seat in 2015.

The candidates seeking the Liberal nomination are:

On March 28, Craig Sauvé, independent city councillor for the district of Saint-Henri—Little-Burgundy—Pointe-Saint-Charles announced that he was standing for nomination for the New Democratic Party's candidate. [97] He was officially nominated as the candidate on April 28. [98]

Gregory Yablunovsky will be the PPC candidate. He was previously the party's candidate in Saint-Laurent in 2021 and La Prairie in 2019. [99]

Canadian federal by-election, TBD: LaSalle—Émard—Verdun
Resignation of David Lametti
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal
Bloc Québécois
New Democratic Craig Sauvé
Conservative
People's Gregory Yablunovsky
Green
Free
Communist
Total valid votes
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters

Elmwood—Transcona

The riding of Elmwood—Transcona was vacated on March 31, 2024, following the resignation of NDP MP Daniel Blaikie. [100]

Potential candidates for the Conservative nomination include Lawrence Toet, MP for Elmwood—Transcona, from 2011 to 2015. [101]

Running for the NDP nomination is Leila Dance, the Executive Director of the Transcona Business Improvement Zone and Leilani Esteban, the Executive Director of the Chalmers Neighbourhood Renewal Corporation. [102] The nomination date is set for May 22. [103]

Russ Wyatt, Winnipeg city councillor for Transcona, 2002 to 2018, and 2022 to present was pondering a run for either the NDP or the Conservatives. He said that he liked the NDP's domestic policies, but disliked their "woke nonsense," and he aligns with the Conservatives on international views and foreign policy. [104] Ultimately, he decided not to run. [105]

Canadian federal by-election, TBD: Elmwood—Transcona
Resignation of Daniel Blaikie
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
New Democratic
Conservative
Liberal
People's
Green
Total valid votes
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters

Notes

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    The 45th Canadian federal election will take place on or before October 20, 2025, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 45th Canadian Parliament. The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election, though a current government bill proposes to postpone the date to October 27, 2025 to avoid conflicting with Diwali. In addition to the statutory fixed election date provisions, Canada has a constitutional requirement specified in both section 50 of the Constitution Act, 1867 and section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that elections for the House of Commons must be held no more than five years after the preceding election.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">44th Canadian Parliament</span> Parliamentary term of the Parliament of Canada

    The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Calgary Heritage federal by-election</span>

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Calgary Heritage in Alberta, Canada on 3 April 2017 following the resignation of Conservative MP and former Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper. The safe seat was held by the Conservative candidate Bob Benzen on an increased majority.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Mississauga—Lakeshore federal by-election</span>

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Mississauga—Lakeshore in Ontario on December 12, 2022, following the resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Sven Spengemann. After 6 years in Parliament, Spengemann resigned on May 27, 2022, to accept a role with the United Nations. The election was won by former Ontario finance minister Charles Sousa.

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount in Quebec on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Oxford federal by-election</span> Federal by-election in Ontario, Canada

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Oxford in Ontario on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Dave MacKenzie.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Portage—Lisgar federal by-election</span> Federal by-election in Manitoba, Canada

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Portage—Lisgar in Manitoba on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen.

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Winnipeg South Centre in Manitoba on June 19, 2023, following the death of Liberal MP and former cabinet minister Jim Carr.

    A by-election was held in the federal riding of Durham in Ontario on March 4, 2024, following the resignation of Conservative MP, and former Leader of the Conservative Party, Erin O'Toole.

    References

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    3. 1 2 Aiello, Rachel (December 12, 2022). "Liberal MP and former cabinet minister Jim Carr dies". CTV News. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
    4. 1 2 "Conservative MP announces intention to step away from politics". CBC News. October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
    5. 1 2 "Dave MacKenzie Announces Retirement Plans". 104.7 Heart FM. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
    6. 1 2 Sanders, Carol (January 24, 2023). "Former PC staffer plans to take run at Portage-Lisgar seat". The Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
    7. 1 2 "Profile - Bergen, Candice". Library of Parliament. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
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    9. 1 2 D'Andrea, Aaron (March 31, 2023). "Erin O'Toole, former Conservative leader, leaving politics: "Honour of a lifetime"". Global News. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
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    11. ↑ "Journalists vying for seat in Commons shows politics changing: Spector". The Hill Times. August 12, 2013. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
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    13. ↑ "Prime Minister announces by-election in Calgary Heritage". 16 June 2023.
    14. ↑ Elections Canada (January 17, 2024). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Toronto—St. Paul's" . Retrieved January 19, 2024.
    15. ↑ Elections Canada (January 17, 2024). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Toronto—St. Paul's" . Retrieved January 19, 2024.
    16. ↑ Elections Canada (February 2, 2024). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in LaSalle–Émard–Verdun" . Retrieved February 8, 2024.
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