Maxime Bernier

Last updated

Caroline Chauvin
​
​
(m. 1991;div. 2005)​
Catherine Letarte
​
(m. 2019)​
The Honourable
Maxime Bernier
PC
Maxime Bernier portrait by Yan Parisien 2023 (3x4 cropped).png
Bernier in 2023
Leader of the People's Party of Canada
Incumbent
Assumed office
September 14, 2018
Children2
Parent(s) Gilles Bernier (father)
Doris Rodrigue (mother)
Residence(s)Saint-Georges, Quebec, Canada
Education Université du Québec à Montréal (B.Com.)
University of Ottawa (LL.B.)
ProfessionAuthor, businessman, consultant, lawyer

Maxime Bernier PC (born January 18, 1963) is a Canadian politician who is the founder and leader of the People's Party of Canada (PPC). Formerly a member of the Conservative Party, Bernier left the caucus in 2018 to form the PPC. He was the member of Parliament (MP) for Beauce from 2006 to 2019 and served as a Cabinet minister in the Harper government.

Contents

Before entering politics, Bernier worked in law, finance and banking. He was first elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative in the 2006 election in the same riding his father, Gilles Bernier, had represented from 1984 to 1997. Bernier held a number of portfolios in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Cabinet. He was industry minister from 2006 to 2007 before being promoted to foreign affairs minister until he stepped down in 2008 after failing to secure confidential documents. He continued to sit as a back-bench MP until 2011, when he was appointed as Minister of State for small business and tourism. Following the 2015 election, while the Conservatives were no longer in power, Bernier was re-elected as an MP.

Bernier ran for the Conservative Party leadership in the 2017 leadership election. His campaign garnered significant media attention mainly due to its libertarian platform which promised to end corporate welfare, eliminate the capital gains tax, and abolish supply management in the Canadian dairy industry. After leading eventual winner Andrew Scheer through 12 rounds of voting, he came second with over 49 per cent in the 13th round. Fifteen months later, in August 2018, Bernier resigned from the Conservative Party to create his own party, the People's Party of Canada, citing disagreements with Scheer's leadership. [1] He lost his parliamentary seat in the 2019 election to Conservative Richard Lehoux, ending parliamentary representation of the PPC. Since then, he has unsuccessfully ran for election in several ridings, including Beauce for a second time in the 2021 election.

In addition to taking economic libertarian positions, he opposes mass immigration to Canada, proposes repealing the Multiculturalism Act, supports more restrictions on abortion, and rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. [2] [3] During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, he opposed mandatory vaccinations, public health measures, and attended many anti-lockdown protests; he was arrested for violating public health orders at a gathering in Manitoba. [3]

Early life and education

Bernier was born in Saint-Georges, Quebec, the son of Doris (Rodrigue) and Gilles Bernier, a well known radio host, who represented the riding of Beauce from 1984 to 1997, first as a Progressive Conservative and then as an independent. [4] [5] [6] In a 2010 interview with John Geddes, Bernier said he respects his father as a Mulroney-era politician, but tries not to emulate his style. [7] Bernier has stated that his views were shaped from his upbringing in Beauce to his life experiences. [8] [4] He is the second oldest child and has two sisters, Brigitte and Caroline, and a brother, Gilles Jr. In his teens, Bernier played football as a member of the Condors, the team of the Séminaire St-Georges, that won the Bol d'Or in 1980 at the Olympic Stadium. [9]

Bernier obtained a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the Université du Québec à Montréal, completed his law degree at the University of Ottawa and was called to the Quebec Bar in 1990, of which he is still a member.

Early career

For 19 years, Bernier held positions in law, several financial and banking fields, such as working as a lawyer at McCarthy Tétrault, [10] rising up to become branch manager at the National Bank, the office of the Securities Commission of Québec as Director of Corporate and International Relations, [11] an adviser (handling fiscal reform) from 1996 to 1998 in the office of Bernard Landry—Quebec's finance minister and Deputy Premier of Quebec at the time—and Standard Life of Canada as the Vice-President of Corporate Affairs and Communication. [11] He also served as Executive Vice-President of the Montreal Economic Institute, a Quebec free-market think tank, where he authored a book on tax reform. [9] [11] [12]

Political career

In 2005, Bernier became the Conservative candidate for Beauce in the 2006 federal election. Stephen Harper had asked Bernier's father to re-enter politics, and the latter suggested that his son should run instead. [13] Bernier won 67 per cent of the vote, the largest majority for a Conservative politician outside Alberta. [14] [13] His ties to Beauce [15] and his support for provincial jurisdictions (which was endorsed by former Social Credit party leader Fabien Roy) were factors in his win. Some political pundits believed Bernier's ideas led to the unexpected Conservative breakthrough in Quebec during the election. [13] [16]

Minister of Industry (2006–2007)

Bernier was a high-profile new MP from Quebec; on February 6, 2006, he was appointed Minister of Industry and minister responsible for Statistics Canada. As the Minister of Industry, he also served as the Registrar General. [17] During his time as Industry Minister, Bernier started reformation of the telecommunications industry, particularly on local phone service. [18] [19] [20] Professor Richard J. Schultz from McGill University lauded his attempt to deregulate the telecommunications industry, calling him "the best Industry Minister in 30 years, without challenge". [21] [22] James Cowan from Canadian Business, called Bernier's tenure "a golden age" for Canadian business policy. [23] [24]

Minister of Foreign Affairs (2007–2008)

Bernier as Minister of Foreign Affairs with Pranab Mukherjee, Minister of External Affairs for India, 2008 The Canadian Foreign Minister, Mr.Maxime Bernier meeting with the Union Minister of External Affairs, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, in New Delhi on January 12, 2008.jpg
Bernier as Minister of Foreign Affairs with Pranab Mukherjee, Minister of External Affairs for India, 2008

On August 14, 2007, Bernier was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs, replacing Peter MacKay, who became the Minister of National Defence. During the beginning of his tenure, Bernier's personality and charm received praise among foreign dignitaries. [25]

In May 2008, it was revealed that, one month earlier, Bernier inadvertently left a confidential briefing book at the home of his girlfriend, Julie Couillard. [26] [27] While Prime Minister Stephen Harper originally defended Bernier, [28] he ultimately accepted Bernier's resignation on May 26, 2008 saying, "It's only this error. It's a very serious error for any minister. The minister immediately recognized the gravity of that error." [27] The incident made Bernier rethink his political career and he decided to avoid taking government information out of his parliamentary office in future. [29]

Recalling his tenure as foreign minister, Bernier felt unsatisfied due to the Prime Minister's Office controlling the portfolio, making it harder for him to implement his views on Canadian foreign policy. [25]

Backbench (2008–2011)

Six days before the 2008 election, Couillard released a book which was supposed to reveal Bernier's confidential opinions such as his personal objection to Canadian involvement in the Iraq War. [30] [31] The English version peaked at No. 6 on La Presse 's bestseller list while the French version reached No. 5. However, the book was viewed negatively by some of Bernier's constituents. [32] He was re-elected with 62 per cent of votes, [7] and was made chair for the National Defense Select Committee. [33]

In 2009, Bernier started a blog and spent the next four years travelling across Canada to discuss political issues. [34] [35] Bernier's speeches were criticized by Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Raymond Blanchard and Tom Mulcair, [36] [37] but praised by Andrew Coyne, Warren Kinsella, and André Pratte. [37] [38] [39] [40]

In September 2010, after Bernier's Quebec colleagues pushed for the federal government to invest $175 million in the Centre Vidéotron in Quebec City, Bernier opposed the proposed project and a feasibility study by Ernst & Young. He stated the proposal made little financial sense. [8] [41] The government later decided against the investment. [42] He later revealed that his colleagues were furious because they wanted to use the investment to "Buy votes". [43] [44]

It was rumoured that Conservative Party insiders wanted Bernier to become leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) party if Stephen Harper's preferred choice, Mario Dumont, became Quebec lieutenant, and that Bernier was considering a leadership run. [45] [46] In 2009 there was a movement to draft Bernier for ADQ leadership. Bernier called the attention flattering, but declined to run. [47]

Minister of State (2011–2015)

On May 18, 2011, Bernier was appointed as Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism), [48] a junior ministerial post. [25] Bernier did not enjoy being bound by the principle of cabinet solidarity, and disliked being named to a minor department, but accepted the role out of deference to his colleagues and to regain credibility via a return to the cabinet. [25] Bernier later said he also accepted the position because he felt he did not accomplish enough in his career and expressed a desire to end the budget deficit. [29]

His responsibilities were expanded with his appointment on July 15, 2013 as Minister of State (Small Business, Tourism, and Agriculture). [48] During this time, he led the Red Tape Reduction Commission, which created a rule that for every regulation added another one has to be cut. [49]

In opposition (2015–2016)

On November 20, 2015, Bernier was appointed by interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose as Critic for Economic Development and Innovation. [48] He resigned on April 7, 2016 to run in the Conservative Party's leadership election. [50]

In March 2016 Bernier introduced a motion to require Bombardier executives to explain, to the Industry Committee, the reasoning for the federal government to bail them out. Bernier argued Bombardier should restructure itself rather than seek public funds. Justin Trudeau's Liberal government blocked Bernier's motion. [51] [52]

At a conservative conference in March 2016, Bernier said that China has "less government and more freedom" than Canada; a video of the speech was later circulated by the Broadbent Institute's Press Progress. [53] Bernier said that he was referring to economic freedom, not political freedom, and said that his remarks should not be construed to suggest that he supported Chinese dictatorship. [54]

Campaign for the Conservative leadership (2016–2017)

On April 7, 2016, Bernier filed his nomination to be a candidate in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, [50] saying that he was running to promote his views and ideas on four principles: freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect. [55] [56]

In May 2016, Bernier broke from his Conservative colleagues on supply management, the Canadian agricultural system in which a form of insurance is granted to farmers. He said that there was no way to reconcile the Canadian system with his "free-market principles". [57]

After the Conservative Party decided to remove the traditional definition of marriage from their constitution, Bernier was one of few leadership contenders to march in the Toronto Pride Parade. [58]

Policies

Bernier campaigned on smaller government, lower taxes, paying down the national debt, increasing investments, increase pipeline developments, and opening up markets. He proposed balancing the budget within two years, reduce the number of tax brackets from five to three, and increase basic exemption from $11,474 to $15,000 being paid by "boutique" tax credits. He proposed abolishing capital gains taxes, and lowering corporate taxes to 10% by getting rid of corporate welfare. Bernier also campaigned on phasing control of the Canada Health Transfer to the provinces for health care by replacing it with a health transfer point system. [59] [60] [61] [62]

He supported the decriminalization/legalization of marijuana, [63] wants to allow MPs to vote their conscience, and get rid of omnibus bills. [64] He opposed a "Canadian values" test on the basis that it is logistically ineffective to fight terrorism. He proposed abolishing the Canadian Radio-television Telecommunications Commission, privatizing Canada Post Corporation, phasing out supply management on dairy and poultry, [65] and expanding free trade. [66] [67] He also proposed ending inter-provincial trade barriers. [68] [69]

He also wanted to "break" Quebec's maple syrup cartel and wanted to allow foreign ownership for the airline industry. [65] He wants to "streamline the process for hiring specialized workers abroad", put more emphasis on economic immigration, "slightly reduce" family reunification class immigration, put more emphasis on privately sponsored refugees and fewer government sponsored, and reform temporary foreign worker programs. [70] Bernier believes first nation communities need to be consulted before the Indian Act needs to be "abolished, or changed." [71] He opposed federal control overreaching into other jurisdictions. [72] He also campaigned on stricter foreign aid standards and phase out development aid. [73] [74]

Reactions from pundits

Nathan Giede of the Prince George Citizen wrote that Bernier was "the living reincarnation of all Laurier's good ideas and Dief the Chief's pan-Canadian optimism". [75] In the Times Colonist , Bernier stated, "They can call me a fiscal conservative, they can call me a conservative who believes in freedom, they can call me reasonable libertarian, call me anything you want—call me Max, call me Maxime, call me 'Mad Max'." [76] Occasionally, he displayed a sense of humor which helped him gain voters' attention. [77] [78] William Watson argued in the National Post that although some of Bernier's policies were reflective of the role "rugged individualism" played in Canada's past, and may have played a role in his loss, they could also affect Canada's future. [79] Stanley Hartt, who was chief of staff to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, found Scheer's victory not "stirring" and suggested that Scheer should have taken ideas from Bernier's economic platform, which Hartt praised. [80]

Results

Bernier achieved unexpectedly high levels of support, [25] [34] finishing a close second in the 13th and final round of voting on May 27, 2017, taking 49.05 per cent of the vote to Andrew Scheer's 50.95 per cent. [81] [82] A few days after the results, Michael Chong, another leadership candidate, argued that both his and Bernier's campaigns represented "real change, significant change" to the party but felt they wanted the status quo. [83]

Bernier with Andrew Scheer in Ottawa, several days after the Conservative leadership election concluded, 2017 Maxime Bernier & Andrew Scheer.jpg
Bernier with Andrew Scheer in Ottawa, several days after the Conservative leadership election concluded, 2017

Post-leadership campaign (2017–2018)

On August 31, 2017, Bernier was re-appointed critic for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada by Andrew Scheer. [84]

After it was revealed that the 2015 Conservative campaign team knew about sexual assault allegations against former Conservative MP Rick Dykstra, on January 31, 2018, Bernier publicly demanded answers as he was heading towards a caucus meeting into the handling of the nomination [85] as did Conservative MP Brad Trost, who tweeted in favor of Bernier statement. After the meetings, Scheer reversed his previous decision. [86] and called for a third-party investigation.

Bernier intended to publish a book, Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada. In April 2018, he pre-released a chapter on his publisher's website explaining why he made the abolition of Canada's supply management system an issue during the leadership campaign. [87] [88] The chapter referred to Quebec's dairy farmer lobby as "fake Conservatives" because they opposed his abolition of the supply management policy and supported Scheer's candidacy. [89] [90] However, in deference to his Conservative colleagues who saw the chapter as an attack on Scheer, Bernier agreed to postpone publication of the book indefinitely for the sake of party unity, while also saying that the book was not about his leadership campaign, but about important ideas. [91] He later told the Toronto Star in an email that he defended his comments and that the book would someday be published. [92]

On June 12, 2018, Scheer dismissed Bernier from the Official Opposition shadow cabinet, saying that Bernier had violated his pledge to delay publication of the book by posting the chapter on his website on June 5, after it had been removed from the publisher's website. Bernier denied that he broke the pledge, saying that the published excerpts had previously been publicly released on his publisher's website. [93] During an At Issue panel after Bernier's demotion, Chantal Hebert was critical of Bernier decision to publish the chapter, Coyne found Bernier to be a victim of "a political setup" and Paul Wells thought Scheer was being "paranoid". [94] On June 15, Bernier stated in an interview that he believed his stance on supply management was the real reason behind his dismissal, not his decision to post the chapter. [95]

In a series of Twitter posts in August 2018, Bernier garnered attention for criticizing Prime Minister Trudeau's comments about "diversity is our strength". [96] He later tweeted that naming a park in Winnipeg after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was an example of "extreme multiculturalism". [97] The tweets were broadly seen as divisive and inflammatory with calls for him to be reprimanded or removed from caucus such as John Ivison. [98] However, Conservative leader Andrew Scheer stated Bernier "speaks for himself" amid calls for Bernier to be expelled from the party's caucus. [99] Scheer later claimed that he did not use identity politics to gain support; which Bernier issued a series of tweets counter-arguing the point. [100] Others such as Mathieu Bock-Côté, [101] Lise Ravary [102] and Neil Macdonald [103] defended his comments by writing op-eds to counter arguing critics. While, Tom Walkom, [104] Deborah Levy [105] and Andre Valiquette [106] found his critique common within mainstream Quebec. In his resignation speech, Bernier, had an issues with Scheer's response, and later clarified that he wanted to have a conversation about "ethnic division". [107] When asked about his tweets by Question Period, he responded by stating "Instead of always promoting the diversity in our country, why not promote what unites us. That's the most important." [108] Commentator Colby Cosh later wrote that Bernier had previously praised ethnic diversity, while also "objecting to its elevation to cult status". [109]

Formation of People's Party of Canada (2018–2019)

Logo of the PPC People's Party of Canada logo 2021.png
Logo of the PPC

On August 23, 2018, Bernier announced that he was leaving the Conservative Party with the intention of founding a new political party. [110] [111] He held a press conference at which he declared that the Conservative Party was "too intellectually and morally corrupt to be reformed", and was afraid to address important issues or articulate a coherent philosophy. [107] [112] Former Conservative prime ministers Stephen Harper and Brian Mulroney criticized his departure. Harper suggested that Bernier was a sore loser, [113] while Mulroney said that Bernier's creation of a new party would split the vote and make it more likely that Trudeau's Liberals would win the 2019 election. [114] Conversely, Bernier's decision was praised as courageous by columnist Christie Blatchford. [115] In a National Post op-ed, Bernier stated that his establishment of a new party aimed to reverse what he called a "public choice dynamic" in Canadian politics, that led to vote-buying and "pandering" by the main political parties. [116]

On September 14, 2018, Bernier announced the creation of the People's Party of Canada, [117] saying the party would advocate for "smart populism", which he defined as policies based on principles of freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect. [118] [119] Bernier positioned the People's Party to the right of the Conservative Party; [120] the party has been variously described as conservative, [117] libertarian, right-wing populist, [121] [122] [123] classical liberal, [124] far-right, [130] and alt-right. [131] [132] In December 2018, some of its founding signatories were shown to have ties to American white nationalist and anti-immigrant groups. [133] [134] The party later told Le Devoir that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC's formation. [135]

2019 federal election

Campaigning in advance of the 2019 Canadian federal election, Bernier and his chief strategist, Martin Masse, aligned the People's Party with the anti-immigrant European New Right, calling for steep cuts to immigration to Canada and criticizing multiculturalism. [121] His focus on issues like cutting immigration marked a change in his public profile that contrasted with his earlier focus (with the Conservative Party) on free-market economic libertarian stances such as telecom monopolies and deregulation. [121] Bernier also proposed reductions in federal income tax, called for a reduction of the federal role in healthcare and the replacement of the Canada Health Transfer, and proposed the replacement of the Indian Act. He was the only leader of a party represented in the House of Commons to reject the scientific consensus on climate change. [136] [137] [138] He said he would do "nothing" to deal with climate change, and that Canada should withdraw from the Paris Agreement on carbon emissions. [139] On September 2, 2019, Bernier posted a series of tweets in which he called Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg "mentally unstable". On September 4, after receiving widespread backlash, Bernier backpedaled. [140]

Bernier and the PPC struggled in the election. Their affiliations with and support from the far-right were received negatively and the party never surpassed five per cent in national polls; Bernier himself fared poorly in debates and had the lowest net favourability rating among leaders, at -36. [141] In his riding of Beauce, he faced Conservative candidate Richard Lehoux, a fourth-generation dairy farmer and past president of the Fédération Québécoise des Municipalités. [142] He lost over 20 points compared to 2015, finishing with 28.3 per cent to Lehoux's 38.6 per cent, with the Bloc Québecois and Liberals finishing a distant third and fourth, respectively. Nationally, Bernier was the only PPC candidate to come within sight of being elected; no other candidate won more than six per cent of the vote, and the party as a whole won only 1.6 per cent of the popular vote. When Andrew Scheer resigned as Conservative Party leader in December, Bernier stated he would not be interested in returning. [143]

After the election, he announced the YouTube series with the English title The Max Bernier Show and French title Les nouvelles de Maxime. [144] In February 2020, he launched a lawsuit alleging defamation by Warren Kinsella for branding him a racist, on behalf of the Conservative Party, during the 2019 election. [145] The lawsuit sought an admission of defamation and $325,000 in damages. [145] In November 2021, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice dismissed the lawsuit, based on Ontario's Anti-SLAPP legislation, determining that it was not proven that the defamation concerns outweighed the importance of protecting free speech. [146] Bernier was ordered in February 2022 to pay $132,000 in legal costs to Kinsella. [146]

COVID-19 pandemic and 2021 election

Bernier announced his intention to run in a by-election when seats became vacant from the resignations of Bill Morneau and Michael Levitt over the summer of 2020. [147] He confirmed his candidacy for Levitt's former Toronto riding of York Centre shortly after the date of the October 26, 2020 by-election was announced. [148] He finished fourth with 642 votes (3.56 per cent). [149]

Bernier was strongly critical of public health measures undertaken to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, having travelled to anti-lockdown protests throughout the country in 2021. On April 17, he spoke to several hundred people in Barrie, Ontario, despite being discouraged from doing so by the mayor and the area's city councilor. [150] [151] He and MPP Randy Hillier were both ticketed for their participation in a rally in Peterborough on April 24 for violating the Reopening Ontario Act. [152] The day before, they had been told not to attend by mayor Dianne Therrien. [153]

He attended a protest in Montreal on May 2. [154] The crowd was large enough that it closed the mass vaccination clinic at the Olympic Stadium, where the protest began. [155] He spoke along with Chris Sky in Regina, Saskatchewan, on May 8, [156] and received a $2800 ticket. [157] In Waterloo, Ontario, he and several other PPC candidates from neighbouring regions spoke at a rally on June 6. Waterloo's mayor, Dave Jaworsky, described their attendance as a political campaign rally that was "beyond shocking" during a pandemic. [158] Bernier was arrested and fined by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) on June 11 in St-Pierre-Jolys, Manitoba, after attending a rally against COVID-19 restrictions, which was itself in violation of health restrictions. [159] He paid $1000 bail, cancelled the remainder of his tour in Manitoba, and returned to Montreal the next day. [160] In August, he said that he would not receive a COVID-19 vaccine. [161]

Bernier led the PPC in the 2021 election and campaigned against vaccine mandates, vaccine passports and lockdowns. He ran in his old riding of Beauce for the election and again lost to Richard Lehoux. However, the PPC, despite not winning any seats, increased its share of the popular vote to nearly five percent, triple of what it garnered in the 2019 election. [162] The People's Party concluded its leadership review in December and he was confirmed and continued as leader. [163] [164]

Since the 2021 election

In July 2021, an affidavit filed in court alleged that People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier made a racist remark about NDP leader Jagmeet Singh, saying Singh would "never get elected with that rag on his head." Bernier denied the accusation, stating that this was the only eyewitness account of him supposedly making a racist comment and accused political strategist Warren Kinsella of orchestrating a defamation campaign against him. [165] In November 2021, Ontario Court dismissed Bernier's defamation lawsuit for failing anti-SLAPP screening test. [166] [167]

Bernier supported the January–February 2022 Canada convoy protest in Ottawa and accused the federal and provincial governments of violating human rights as a result of their imposition of health measures during the pandemic. He also accused Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of 'colluding' with U.S. President Joe Biden on vaccine mandates. [168]

Bernier announced on May 12, 2023 that he would run for MP in a by-election in Portage-Lisgar in Manitoba [169] following the resignation of Candice Bergen. [170] He finished in 2nd with 17.16% of the vote, losing the by-election to Conservative Party candidate Branden Leslie who won with 64.95% of the vote and a margin of almost 15,000 votes. [171]

Personal life

Bernier has two daughters. [172] [10] In 2010, he began a relationship with Catherine Letarte, a National Ballet School-trained ballerina, who worked for a women's shelter and as of 2017 runs a community centre for adults living with mental health issues. [173] Bernier and Letarte married in the summer of 2019. [174] [175] Bernier is fond of quoting James M. Buchanan, Friedrich Hayek, and Henry Hazlitt and has been known as "Mad Max", [176] [177] the "Bloc-buster", [178] [179] or the "Albertan from Quebec" by his Ottawa colleagues. [4] [180]

In September 2013, Bernier trained for and ran an ultramarathon across his riding to raise funds for a local food bank. [181] In 2014, Bernier participated in the Rodeo de Cochons after being challenged by a local mayor. [182] [183]

Works

Electoral history

Canadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023 : Portage—Lisgar
Resignation of Candice Bergen
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Branden Leslie 20,25064.95+12.43
People's Max Bernier 5,35217.16−4.42
Liberal Kerry Smith2,6668.55−2.40
New Democratic Lisa Tessier-Burch2,2087.08−6.30
Green Nicolas Geddert7042.26–
Total valid votes31,18099.40
Total rejected ballots1880.60−0.15
Turnout31,36845.47−20.77
Eligible voters68,988
Conservative hold Swing +8.42
Source: Elections Canada [185]
2021 Canadian federal election : Beauce
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Richard Lehoux 27,51448.30+9.71$54,511.58
People's Maxime Bernier 10,36218.20-10.17$65,399.38
Bloc Québécois Solange Thibodeau8,64415.20+1.07$4,385.30
Liberal Philippe-Alexandre Langlois7,01812.30+0.64$5,569.50
New Democratic François Jacques-Côté1,6372.90-0.14$24.86
Free Chantale Giguère1,0961.90–$1,476.73
Green Andrzej Wisniowski4860.90-1.49$0.00
Marijuana Sébastien Tanguay2060.40–$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit56,980100.0–$115,918.81
Total rejected ballots8951.57
Turnout57,87566.74-2.91
Eligible voters86,716
Conservative hold Swing +9.96
Source: Elections Canada [186]
Canadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York Centre (federal electoral district)
Resignation of Michael Levitt
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ya'ara Saks 8,25345.70−4.50
Conservative Julius Tiangson7,55241.82+5.11
New Democratic Andrea Vásquez Jiménez1,0465.79−4.05
People's Maxime Bernier6423.56–
Green Sasha Zavarella4612.55−0.70
Independent John The Engineer Turmel 1040.58–
Total valid votes/Expense limit 18,058 100.00  $105,734.74
Total rejected ballots166 0.92 −0.97
Turnout18,058 25.64 −36.12
Eligible voters 70,434
Liberal hold Swing −4.81
[187] [188]
2019 Canadian federal election : Beauce
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Richard Lehoux 22,81738.59-20.39$88,659.51
People's Maxime Bernier 16,77228.37–$92,268.96
Bloc Québécois Guillaume Rodrigue8,35514.13+6.68$2,029.97
Liberal Adam Veilleux6,89511.66-10.56$42,675.69
New Democratic François Jacques-Côté1,7993.04-6.64$96.82
Green Josiane Fortin1,4152.39+0.7none listed
Rhinoceros Maxime Bernier1,0720.81–none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit59,125100.00  $112,590
Total rejected ballots1,1471.89+0.64
Turnout59,12568.48+2.33
Eligible voters86,333
Conservative gain from People's Swing -24.35
Source: Elections Canada [189] [190]
2015 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Maxime Bernier32,91058.89+8.17–
Liberal Adam Veilleux12,44222.26+11.27–
New Democratic Daniel Royer5,4439.74−20.26–
Bloc Québécois Stéphane Trudel4,1447.42+0.75–
Green Céline Brown MacDonald9431.69+0.08–
Total valid votes/Expense limit55,882100.0   $222,691.43
Total rejected ballots7121.250.02
Turnout56,59466.15+3.13
Eligible voters85,547
Conservative hold Swing +14.22
Source: Elections Canada [191] [192]
2011 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Maxime Bernier26,79950.71−11.70$80,639.74
New Democratic Serge Bergeron15,83129.95+21.43$1,165.17
Liberal Claude Morin 5,83311.04+0.72$53,133.79
Bloc Québécois Sylvio Morin3,5356.69−7.29$19,711.99
Green Etienne Doyon Lessard8521.61−3.16$2.00
Total valid votes/Expense limit52,850100.0   $90,992.37
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots681 1.27−0.30
Turnout 53,53163.02+0.64
Eligible voters84,941
Conservative hold Swing −16.56
Sources: [193] [194]
2008 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Maxime Bernier31,88362.41−4.61$69,558.01
Bloc Québécois André Côté7,14313.98−5.99$13,263,15
Liberal René Roy5,27010.32+2.40$2,129.85
New Democratic Véronique Poulin4,3528.52+5.97$2,575.32
Green Nicolas Rochette2,4364.77+2.23none listed
Total valid votes/Expense limit 51,084100.0    $87,470
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 8171.57 +0.75
Turnout 51,90162.38 −5.24
Eligible voters83,205
Conservative hold Swing +0.69
2006 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Maxime Bernier36,91567.02+49.93$79,344.54
Bloc Québécois Patrice Moore 10,99719.97−16.29$66,069.90
Liberal Jacques Lussier4,3647.92−33.46$54,809.07
New Democratic Cléo Chartier1,4052.55−0.50$1,020.20
Green Jean-Claude Roy1,3972.54+0.31$108.47
Total valid votes/Expense limit55,078100.0    $81,497
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots4540.82−1.42
Turnout55,53267.62+8.12
Eligible voters82,123
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +33.11

Notes

  1. ↑ Office became known as "Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism)" from 2008 to 2013.

Related Research Articles

The Conservative Party of Canada, colloquially known as the Tories or simply the Conservatives, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance, the latter being the successor of the Western Canadian–based Reform Party. The party sits at the centre-right to the right of the Canadian political spectrum, with their federal rival, the centre-left Liberal Party of Canada, positioned to their left. The Conservatives are defined as a "big tent" party, practising "brokerage politics" and welcoming a broad variety of members, including "Red Tories" and "Blue Tories".

Warren James Kinsella is a Canadian lawyer, author, musician, political consultant, and commentator. Kinsella has written commentary in most of Canada's major newspapers and several magazines, including The Globe and Mail, the Toronto Sun, Ottawa Citizen, the National Post,The Walrus, and Postmedia newspapers. He appeared regularly on the Sun News Network. Kinsella is the founder of the Daisy Consulting Group, a Toronto-based firm that engages in paid political campaign strategy work, lobbying and communications crisis management.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Scheer</span> Canadian politician

Andrew James Scheer is a Canadian politician who has served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Regina—Qu'Appelle since 2004. Scheer served as the 35th speaker of the House of Commons from 2011 to 2015, and was the leader of the Conservative Party and leader of the Official Opposition from 2017 to 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steven Blaney</span> Canadian politician (born 1965)

Steven Blaney is a Canadian businessman and Conservative politician. He served as the Minister of Public Safety Canada and previously as the Minister of Veterans Affairs and Minister of State for La Francophonie in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. He has represented the Québec riding of Lévis—Bellechasse in the Canadian House of Commons since the 2006 federal election. Despite his anglophone-sounding name, Blaney is a Francophone. He was reelected in the 2015 election. In 2017, he unsuccessfully ran for Conservative party leader.

Gilles Bernier is a former Canadian politician and diplomat. He was the Member of Parliament representing the riding of Beauce from 1984 to 1997, initially as a Progressive Conservative and later as an Independent. He later served as Canada's ambassador to Haiti from 1997 to 2001.

<i>My Story</i> (Couillard book) 2008 memoir by Julie Couillard

My Story is a tell-all memoir by Canadian Julie Couillard. It was first written in French, then during summer 2008, translated into English. Both versions were published across Canada in October 2008.

This article covers the history of the Conservative Party of Canada.

Jean-Guy Dagenais is a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was appointed to the Senate of Canada on January 17, 2012, by Stephen Harper after losing in the 2011 Canadian federal election running as a Conservative candidate in Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot. He represents the Senate division of Victoria (Quebec). In 2019, he left the Conservative Senate caucus to sit with the Canadian Senators Group, and left the Conservative party in 2022 shortly after Pierre Poilievre was elected as leader.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erin O'Toole</span> Canadian politician (born 1973)

Erin Michael O'Toole is a former Canadian politician who served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Durham from 2012 to 2023. A member of the Conservative Party, O'Toole served as the party's leader and the leader of the Official Opposition from 2020 to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election</span>

The Conservative Party of Canada held a leadership election on May 27, 2017. The leadership election was prompted by the resignation of Stephen Harper, who had led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004, after the party's defeat in the 2015 election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Cooper (politician)</span> Canadian politician

Michael Cooper is the Conservative Member of Parliament for St. Albert—Edmonton. First elected in 2015, Cooper was re-elected in 2019, and again in 2021. Cooper serves as the Shadow Minister for Democratic Reform, and as vice-chair of Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs. He is also a member of the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Canadian federal election</span>

The 2019 Canadian federal election was held on October 21, 2019. Members of the House of Commons were elected to the 43rd Canadian Parliament. In keeping with the maximum four-year term under a 2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act, the writs of election for the 2019 election were issued by Governor General Julie Payette on September 11, 2019.

The People's Party of Canada is a federal political party in Canada. The party was formed by Maxime Bernier in September 2018, shortly after his resignation from the Conservative Party of Canada. It is placed on the right to the far-right of the political spectrum.

The Leaders' Debates Commission is the independent Canadian government agency which is charged with organizing leaders' debates during federal elections in Canada. In 2018, the commission was established to organize two debates, one in English and one in French, between the leaders of eligible political parties during the 2019 Canadian federal election. Following the 2019 election, the Commission released a report to Parliament containing recommendations for future election debates, including that itself be charged with organizing future debates and tasked with determining the criteria for a leader to be invited to debates. The commission hosted further debates during the 2021 federal election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Lehoux</span> Canadian politician

Richard Lehoux is a Canadian politician who has served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Beauce since 2019, as a member of the Conservative Party. Prior to his election to the House of Commons, Lehoux was the mayor of Saint-Elzear from 1998 to 2017 and the reeve of Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality from 2000 to 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Canadian federal election</span>

The 2021 Canadian federal election was held on September 20, 2021, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 44th Canadian Parliament. The writs of election were issued by Governor General Mary Simon on August 15, 2021, when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau requested the dissolution of parliament for a snap election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2025 Canadian federal election</span> Next general election in Canada

The 2025 Canadian federal election will take place on or before October 20, 2025, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 45th Canadian Parliament. The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act, which requires federal elections to be held on the third Monday in October in the fourth calendar year after the polling day of the previous election, though a current government bill proposes to postpone the date to October 27, 2025, to avoid conflicting with Diwali. In addition to the statutory fixed election date provisions, Canada has a constitutional requirement specified in both section 50 of the Constitution Act, 1867 and section 4 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms that elections for the House of Commons must be called no more than five years after the writs for the preceding election are returned.

By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament may be held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2021 federal election and the 45th federal election. The 44th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2021 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 44th Canadian federal election held on September 20, 2021. The Liberal Party of Canada has a minority government during this Parliament, supported by the New Democratic Party in a confidence-and-supply agreement. The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Portage—Lisgar federal by-election</span> Federal by-election in Manitoba, Canada

A by-election was held in the federal riding of Portage—Lisgar in Manitoba, Canada on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Conservative MP Candice Bergen.

References

  1. ↑ Bernier, Maxime (August 23, 2018). "Why I Am Leaving the Conservative Party of Canada". maximebernier.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  2. ↑ Tubb, Ed (September 24, 2019). "Maxime Bernier rejects the expert consensus on immigration rates and the climate change crisis". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Levitz, Stephanie (August 21, 2021). "Maxime Bernier rejects climate science and vaccinations. Will he get to do it at the leaders' debates?". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 Delmar, Dan (February 14, 2017). "Dan Delmar: Maverick Maxime Bernier unites parts of Quebec and of the West". The Gazette. Montreal. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  5. ↑ "The Canadian Parliamentary Guide". P. G. Normandin. January 1, 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2016– via Google Books.
  6. ↑ "Genealogy Doris Rodrigue" . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  7. 1 2 "How do they get away with it?". Maclean's. December 10, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  8. 1 2 Taber, Jane (September 10, 2010). "Maxime Bernier breaks ranks on arena funding". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  9. 1 2 "Biographie « Le blogue de Maxime Bernier [Biography « Maxime Bernier's blog]". Maxime Bernier. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  10. 1 2 "Maxime Bernier, the 'Albertan from Quebec'". CTV. March 3, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017. Bernier mentioned to CTV News that it was his decisions to keep their lives private
  11. 1 2 3 "Maxime Bernier". IEDM. June 15, 2005. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Conversations from the Frontier" (PDF). May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
  13. 1 2 3 "L'Albertain du Québec" [The Albertan of Quebec]. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017.
  14. ↑ "History of Federal Ridings since 1867" . Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Voters in Maxime Bernier's hometown say they like the man more than the Conservatives".
  16. ↑ "Maxime Bernier: Quebec needs to embrace Canada". National Post. May 20, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  17. ↑ "More Quebec MPs named to cabinet than expected". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. February 6, 2006. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ "CRTC gives thumbs-up to telecom complaints agency". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 22, 2006. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Conservatives overrule CRTC on regulation of internet phones". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 15, 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Ottawa accelerates deregulation of local phone service". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 11, 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  21. ↑ "Just wondering ... about Bernier". The Globe and Mail. May 28, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Professor Schultz's take on my telecom reform". Maxime Bernier – English. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  23. ↑ "A Conservative war on business". Canadian Business. October 24, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  24. ↑ "Why James Moore is the right choice for Industry Minister". Canadian Business – Your Source For Business News. July 15, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 "Who's Maxime Bernier? From Separatist And Scandal To Tory Leadership Front-Runner (Part 1)". HuffPost. May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  26. ↑ "Canadian foreign minister Maxime Bernier resigns over secret document row". The Telegraph. May 27, 2008.
  27. 1 2 "Bernier quits cabinet post over security breach: Foreign affairs minister departs ahead of ex-girlfriend's TV interview". CBC News. May 26, 2008.
  28. ↑ "Harper shrugs off new concerns about minister's ex-flame". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 26, 2008. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  29. 1 2 Strombo (February 3, 2012). "FULL INTERVIEW: Maxime Bernier". Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2016– via YouTube.
  30. ↑ "The Shotgun: Maxime Bernier agrees with Harper: "Iraq war was a mistake"". westernstandard.blogs.com. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Omny.fm". October 4, 2017. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  32. ↑ Hachey, Isabelle (October 10, 2008). "Julie ou Maxime, la Beauce a choisi". La Presse (in Canadian French). Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  33. ↑ "Profile – Bernier, Maxime". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  34. 1 2 "How 'Mad Max' Bernier went from comic relief to Tory front-runner". Maclean's. April 6, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Maxime Bernier wants to have an adult conversation". The Globe and Mail. October 17, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  36. ↑ "Magical Maxime". Maclean's. February 9, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  37. 1 2 "Bernier bashing | André Pratte | André Pratte". La Presse (in Canadian French). April 22, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  38. ↑ "Spoken like a true Conservative – Macleans.ca". Maclean's. April 26, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Speaking for Canada". warrenkinsella.com. February 14, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  40. ↑ "From fringes to front runner, Maxime Bernier's long road to redemption". Globe & Mail. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  41. ↑ "Bernier condemns proposed federal funding of Quebec arena" . Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  42. ↑ Ouellet, Martin (March 16, 2011). "Harper strongly defends decision not to fund Quebec City arena". Montreal. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Maxime Bernier: Why my new political movement? Because Canada has been hijacked". National Post. August 31, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  44. ↑ Castonguay, Alec. "La métamorphose de Maxime Bernier". L'actualité (in Canadian French). Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  45. ↑ "L'alliance Dumont-Harper | L'aut'journal". lautjournal.info (in French). Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  46. ↑ "Keith Beardsley: Maxime Bernier's latest Quebec gambit". National Post. April 20, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  47. ↑ "ADQ members hope to woo Maxime Bernier". CTVNews. February 9, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  48. 1 2 3 "The Honourable Maxime Bernier – Roles – House of Commons of Canada: All Roles". Parliament of Canada.
  49. ↑ "Video: Feds to cut red tape for small business". The Globe and Mail .
  50. 1 2 "Quebec MP Maxime Bernier officially enters Conservative leadership race – Toronto Star". Toronto Star . April 7, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  51. ↑ "Liberals vote down Tory move to force Bombardier execs to testify at committee". CTV News. March 8, 2016.
  52. ↑ "The Mark Steyn Show with Maxime Bernier". Archived from the original on December 19, 2021 – via YouTube.
  53. ↑ "Maxime Bernier: China has "less government and more freedom" than Canada". YouTube . March 29, 2016. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Maxime Bernier's China comments continue to confuse". April 5, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  55. ↑ "Maxime Bernier begins marathon race for Conservative leadership" . Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  56. ↑ "Conservative MP Maxime Bernier discusses ways party can regain public trust". Global News. February 27, 2016.
  57. ↑ "Maxime Bernier parts ways with Conservative policy on supply management". CBC. May 31, 2016.
  58. ↑ Tasker, John Paul (July 2, 2016). "'Turning the page': Tory leadership contenders to march in Pride parade". CBC News. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  59. ↑ "Tax Plan Speech". Maxime Bernier. Archived from the original on September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  60. ↑ "O'Leary praises Bernier, won't rule out leadership run". ctvnews.ca. October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  61. ↑ "John Ivison: Mad Max Bernier's income tax plan shows he's crazy like a fox". National Post. October 6, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
  62. ↑ Joël-Denis Bellavance (January 28, 2016). "Énergie Est: Coderre ne parle pas au nom de la majorité, estime Maxime Bernier". La Presse. Lapresse.ca. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  63. ↑ "Tory leadership race sparks issue of marijuana legalization". CBC News. April 16, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
  64. ↑ "Maxime Bernier announces Tory leadership campaign as race begins to heat up – Toronto Star". thestar.com. May 15, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  65. 1 2 Annett, Evan; Alam, Mayaz (January 17, 2017). "Who's running for the Conservative leadership? Read the list of candidates". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  66. ↑ "Who's running for the Conservative leadership?". ctvnews.ca. July 12, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  67. ↑ Maxime Bernier [@MaximeBernier] (March 29, 2017). "Am in favour of trade with China but not at our security's expense. Very reckless reversal of decision. Is this gov…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  68. ↑ Maxime Bernier (February 7, 2017). "Let's Get Atlantic Canada Out Of Its Have-Not Status". Huffingtonpost.ca. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  69. ↑ "CFTA Deal Is Pathetic, Says Bernier". Maxime Bernier. April 8, 2017. Archived from the original on April 12, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  70. ↑ Canada (January 6, 2017). "Conservative Party's fortunes hinge on immigration policy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  71. ↑ Morin, Philippe (February 20, 2017). "In Yukon, Maxime Bernier suggests changing or scrapping Indian Act". CBC News. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  72. ↑ Bernier, Maxime (April 6, 2017). "This Is The Worst Reason To Have Strong Federal Ministers". CBC News. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  73. ↑ "Westmount abuse settlement, Maxime Bernier, AI poker player (Part 1)". CBC Player. January 24, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  74. ↑ Maxime Bernier [@MaximeBernier] (January 24, 2017). "$117M spent on Afghan education system that may have been embezzled. We should phase out development aid -->…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  75. ↑ Giede, Nathan. "I'll take the Bernier". Prince George Citizen. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  76. ↑ [ dead link ]
  77. ↑ Turcotte, Marc-Antoine. "Quand Maxime Bernier fait dans l'humour". Le Journal de Montréal (in Canadian French). Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  78. ↑ "Foes mock 'Mad Max' Bernier over photoshopped Tory leadership ad: 'If people laugh — even better'". National Post. October 5, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  79. ↑ "William Watson: Maxime Bernier scored a big victory, even if he narrowly lost the Conservative race". Financial Post. May 29, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  80. ↑ "New Conservative leader should be open to new ideas: Stanley Hartt for Inside Policy". Macdonald-Laurier Institute. August 29, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  81. ↑ "News Special: Conservative Leadership Convention 2017". CBC Television. May 27, 2017.
  82. ↑ "Scheer wins Conservative leadership race: results by ballot". The Hill Times. May 27, 2017.
  83. ↑ "Michael Chong back on the farm 1 month after Conservative leadership loss". CBC News. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  84. ↑ "A closer look at Andrew Scheer's team of shadows: Aaron Wherry". CBC News. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  85. ↑ "Quebec MP Maxime Bernier demands answers from Tories on Rick Dykstra affair". CTVNews. January 31, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  86. ↑ "Scheer orders investigation into Dykstra candidacy following sexual assault allegation | CBC News". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved June 19, 2018. Scheer said he could not speak to "decisions made by past campaign teams"
  87. ↑ "My chapter on supply management". Maxime Bernier – English. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  88. ↑ "Maxime Bernier publiera un livre cet automne – Beauce Média". Beauce Média (in French). January 10, 2018. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  89. ↑ "Andrew Coyne: Tories cry foul as Maxime Bernier spills the beans, er, milk on leadership race". National Post. April 12, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  90. ↑ "Bernier prédit la fin de la gestion de l'offre – La Presse+". La Presse+ (in Canadian French). April 10, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  91. ↑ "Bernier pulls book that accuses Scheer of using 'fake Conservatives' to win leadership". CBC News. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  92. ↑ "Bernier stands by comments that Scheer won the Tory leadership thanks to 'fake Conservatives'". Toronto Star. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  93. ↑ "Bernier's lack of loyalty, not supply management, behind demotion: Scheer". CTV News. June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  94. ↑ "U.S.-Canada trade war, Maxime Bernier gets demoted". The National. June 14, 2018.
  95. ↑ "Maxime Bernier attribue son expulsion du cabinet fantôme à sa position sur la gestion de l'offre – L'Éclaireur Progrès". L'Éclaireur Progrès (in French). June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  96. ↑ "Maxime Bernier slams Justin Trudeau's 'cult of diversity' in Twitter rant". Global News. The Canadian Press. August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  97. ↑ Tasker, John Paul (August 15, 2018). "Andrew Scheer joins caucus members in condemning Bernier's 'identity politics'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  98. ↑ "John Ivison: Justin Trudeau blows dog-whistle on Conservative xenophobia". Calgary Herald. August 21, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  99. ↑ "Scheer says he won't discuss 'caucus dynamics' as calls grow for Bernier to be booted". CBC News. June 13, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  100. ↑ Stone, Laura (August 16, 2018). "Conservatives tell MP Maxime Bernier to 'play on the team' in midst of spat over identity politics". The Globe and Mail.
  101. ↑ Bock-Côté, Mathieu. "Maxime Bernier au pays des fous". Le Journal de Montréal (in Canadian French). Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  102. ↑ "Lise Ravary: It's not racist to question multiculturalism in Canada". The Gazette. Montreal. August 20, 2018. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  103. ↑ "Maxime Bernier is challenging orthodoxy. He deserves a civil reply: Opinion". CBC News. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
  104. ↑ "Mad Max is proving he's a political force". Toronto Star. November 13, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  105. ↑ "Maxime Bernier's former chief of staff lauds his 'courage' for quitting the Conservatives | CBC Radio". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved September 6, 2018. Levy, who was his chief of staff and daughter of Jewish immigrants referred to multiculturalism as a reasonable accommodation within democracy
  106. ↑ "Les planètes pourraient s'aligner pour Bernier". La Presse+ (in French). November 11, 2018. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  107. 1 2 "Read the full text of Maxime Bernier's speech: 'Scheer keeps talking about his positive Conservative vision. But nobody knows what that is'". National Post. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  108. ↑ "People's Party under Bernier to champion more privatized healthcare, unity over diversity". CTVNews. September 16, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  109. ↑ Cosh, Colby (August 27, 2019). "Colby Cosh: How a 'leftist mob' handed Mad Max a pre-election gift". National Post. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  110. ↑ Althia Raj, Maxime Bernier Quits Andrew Scheer's Conservatives To Form His Own Federal Party, Huffington Post (August 23, 2019).
  111. ↑ "Maxime Bernier quits the Conservative Party – and wants to start his own". Global News. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  112. ↑ "Bernier didn't tell anyone from the Conservative Party about his dramatic exit". CBC News. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  113. ↑ Lum, Zi-Ann (August 23, 2018). "Stephen Harper Calls Out Maxime Bernier As A Sore Loser". HuffPost. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  114. ↑ Johnson, Kelsey (September 11, 2018). "Bernier's departure from Tories will make it harder to beat Trudeau: former PM". iPolitics. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  115. ↑ Blatchford, Christie (August 24, 2018). "I like Bernier, who has the courage to go his own way". National Post. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  116. ↑ "Maxime Bernier: Why my new political movement? Because Canada has been hijacked". National Post. August 31, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  117. 1 2 Amanda Connolly, Maxime Bernier officially launches new conservative People's Party, Global News (September 14, 2018).
  118. ↑ "Maxime Bernier says his new party offers 'smart populism'". The Canadian Press. October 11, 2018. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  119. ↑ Bellavance, Joël-Denis (September 14, 2018). "Maxime Bernier lance le Parti populaire du Canada". La Presse (in Canadian French). Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  120. ↑ Alex Boutilier, Bernier officially registers People's Party and sees a fundraising bump, The Star (January 21, 2019).
  121. 1 2 3 4 Warnica, Richard (October 2, 2019). "Can Canada Ward Off a Populist Surge?". Politico Magazine.
  122. 1 2 "Conservatives 'paying attention' to Bernier's new party, MP says". Toronto Star . September 14, 2018.
  123. 1 2 "Maxime Bernier launches People's Party of Canada". CTVNews. September 14, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  124. ↑ September 17, 2018. "Is the People's Party of Canada liberal? It depends on the definition: Don Pittis". CBC News. Retrieved December 16, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  125. ↑ Meyer, Carl (October 7, 2019). "Jagmeet Singh accuses Maxime Bernier of inciting hatred". National Observer . Retrieved October 14, 2019. ... Canada's first racialized federal party leader repeatedly squared off against the boss of the country's newest far-right party at the English-language election debate.
  126. ↑ Tubb, Ed (October 9, 2019). "Missed the French-language leaders' debate? Replay it here". The Toronto Star . Retrieved October 14, 2019. He [Trudeau] continued attacking Scheer on the economy in an at-times chaotic three-way debate segment with the Conservative leader and far-right People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier.
  127. ↑ Bilefsky, Dan (October 15, 2019). "A 'Mad Max' Candidate Offers a Far-Right Jolt to the Canadian Election". The New York Times . Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  128. ↑ Budd, Brian. "What I learned at a People's Party of Canada rally". The Conversation. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  129. ↑ Robins-Early, Nick (October 22, 2019). "Canada's Right-Wing Populist, Anti-Immigrant Party Got Crushed". HuffPost. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
  130. ↑ [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [121] [122] [123]
  131. ↑ Kamel, Zachary (February 8, 2019). "Maxime Bernier's alt-right problem". The Star News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  132. ↑ Brean, Joseph (October 21, 2019). "How the 2019 federal election became a vote for nothing". National Post . Retrieved December 7, 2019. Maxime Bernier, leader of the upstart alt-right People's Party of Canada.
  133. ↑ "Former neo-Nazi, Pegida Canada official among People's Party of Canada signatories | Globalnews.ca". globalnews.ca. September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  134. ↑ QMI, Agence. "Trois membres connus de l'extrême droite ont endossé la création du parti de Maxime Bernier". Le Journal de Montréal (in French). Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  135. ↑ "Les liens troubles du PPC". Le Devoir (in French). September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  136. ↑ The Canadian Press (August 19, 2019). "Environmental groups were warned that some climate change ads could be seen as partisan during election period". CBC News . Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  137. ↑ Syed, Fatima (June 21, 2019). "Maxime Bernier recruits Renata Ford as he touts a plan that denies the climate crisis". National Observer . Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  138. ↑ "Peoples Party Platform – Global Warming and Environment: Rejecting Alarmism and Focusing on Concrete Improvements". People's Party of Canada . 2019. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  139. ↑ "Canada Votes 2019: How do the main parties compare on these issues?". CBC News Interactives. 2019.
  140. ↑ Zimonjic, Peter (September 4, 2019). "Bernier walks back 'mentally unstable' attack on Greta Thunberg — then calls activist a 'pawn'". CBC News. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  141. ↑ Ling, Justin (October 20, 2019). "How Maxime Bernier Lost His Seat". Foreign Policy. Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  142. ↑ "The battle for Maxime Bernier's riding". GLOBAL NEWS. August 24, 2019.
  143. ↑ Harris, Kathleen (December 12, 2019). "Who's next? Conservative speculation about Scheer's replacement breaks into the open". Bernier confirmed today he has no interest in running for the Conservative leadership again.
  144. ↑ Thibeault, Daniel (January 25, 2020). "Maxime Bernier prépare déjà sa prochaine campagne" (in French). Cette tribune, c'est une chaîne YouTube que lancera le Parti populaire le mois prochain. Produit dans le sous-sol de sa maison, qu'il a converti en studio de télévision, Les nouvelles de Maxime (The Max Bernier Show en anglais) sera diffusé une fois par semaine.
  145. 1 2 McQuigge, Michelle (February 5, 2020). "Maxime Bernier says pundit Warren Kinsella branded him a racist, sues for defamation". National Post . In his statement of claim, Bernier says those descriptions damaged his reputation and subjected him to public scandal and embarrassment.
  146. 1 2 Curry, Bill (March 14, 2022). "Bernier order to pay $132,000 in legal costs after failed defamation case over Project Cactus". Toronto (published March 5, 2022). p. A2. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  147. ↑ "Maxime Bernier plans to run in a Toronto-area byelection". iPolitics. September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  148. ↑ Benzie, Robert (September 18, 2020). "Maxime Bernier, Marci Ien running in two Toronto byelections called for Oct. 26". Welland Tribune. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
  149. ↑ "Federal Liberals hold onto Toronto Centre, York Centre in byelections". CBC News. October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  150. ↑ Phillips, Kim (April 15, 2021). "PPC leader Maxime Bernier to attend anti-lockdown rally in Barrie, Ont". CTV News Barrie. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  151. ↑ Bruton, Bob (April 14, 2021). "Bernier's presence at 'freedom rally' planned for Saturday lambasted". BarrieToday. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  152. ↑ Davis, Greg (April 30, 2021). "COVID-19: 7 more charged in anti-lockdown protest in Peterborough featuring Hillier, Bernier". Global News. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  153. ↑ Davis, Greg (April 21, 2021). "Peterborough mayor tells 'travelling clown convention' of Bernier, Hillier to avoid anti-lockdown protest". Global News. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  154. ↑ Olson, Isaac (May 1, 2021). "Demonstrators, many maskless, march in Montreal against public health restrictions". CBC News. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  155. ↑ Giubilaro, Melina (May 1, 2021). "Thousands march in Montreal to protest COVID-19 measures, Maxime Bernier in attendance". City News. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  156. ↑ "Regina Farmers' Market organizers want safety policies respected with rally planned nearby". Global News. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  157. ↑ Skjerven, Kelly (May 9, 2021). "COVID-19: Regina police issue 16 tickets after anti-public health order protest Saturday". CTV News. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  158. ↑ Schulz, Luke. "Anti-lockdown 'True North Freedom Assembly' held in Uptown Waterloo". Kitchener News Today. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  159. ↑ "People's Party of Canada Leader Maxime Bernier arrested by RCMP in Manitoba". CBC News. June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  160. ↑ Reimer, Will (June 12, 2021). "Maxime Bernier returns to Montreal day after his arrest in Manitoba". Global News. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  161. ↑ Major, Darren (August 3, 2021). "People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier says he won't get a COVID-19 vaccine". CBC News. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  162. ↑ "PPC Leader Maxime Bernier fails to win seat, but party increases popular vote". CTV News. September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  163. ↑ "Maxime Bernier Overwhelmingly Confirmed as PPC Leader by Membership". ppcleadership.ca. People's Party of Canada. December 5, 2021.
  164. ↑ Paas-Lang, Christian (December 5, 2021). "Maxime Bernier retains leadership of People's Party of Canada after review vote". CBC News . Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  165. ↑ Thompson, Elizabeth (May 7, 2021). "Maxime Bernier uttered racist slur about Jagmeet Singh, according to statement filed in court". CBC.
  166. ↑ Dino, Angelica (November 17, 2021). "Ontario court dismisses Maxime Bernier's defamation lawsuit for failing anti-SLAPP screening test". Canadian Lawyer.
  167. ↑ Bryden, Joan (November 10, 2021). "Maxime Bernier loses defamation lawsuit against columnist Warren Kinsella". National Post. Maxime Bernier has lost his defamation fight against a controversial columnist who repeatedly portrayed the People's Party of Canada leader as racist, misogynist and anti-Semitic during the run-up to the 2019 federal election.
  168. ↑ "Maxime Bernier plans to join trucker convoy in Ottawa, accuses Trudeau of 'colluding' with Biden on mandates". Canadian Press. January 28, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  169. ↑ "Maxime Bernier will run in the Portage-Lisgar by-election". PembinaValleyOnline. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  170. ↑ "Candice Bergen, former interim Conservative leader, resigning from Parliament". CTVNews. February 1, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
  171. ↑ "Conservatives cruise to victory over PPC Leader Maxime Bernier in Portage-Lisgar byelection". CityNews Winnipeg. The Canadian Press. June 20, 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  172. ↑ "In training with Maxime Bernier". Maclean's. May 14, 2013.
  173. ↑ "Who's Maxime Bernier? From Separatist And Scandal To Tory Leadership Front-Runner (Part 3)". HuffPost. May 19, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  174. ↑ "Maxime Bernier se marie en Floride!". TVA Nouvelles. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  175. ↑ "Maxime Bernier's Wife Catherine Letarte Has Had Many Different Careers". narcity.com. September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  176. ↑ "'Mad Max' and the mangled message", The Globe and Mail , April 19, 2008, retrieved June 15, 2018, Mr. Harper's advisers to denigrate saw his ability to finesse an issue, and he got a nickname: Mad Max. Still, Mr. Harper's August cabinet shuffle tapped Mr. Bernier for Foreign Affairs
  177. ↑ "Christie Blatchford: How much do I love Max Bernier? Let me count the cartels". National Post. August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  178. ↑ Ivison, John (May 31, 2016). "Tory leadership candidate Maxime Bernier no longer a political 'lightweight'". National Post . Retrieved June 15, 2018. In 2007, Bernier was a rising star in Stephen Harper's cabinet – nicknamed "Bloc-buster" for his sharp attacks on Quebec separatists.
  179. ↑ "The Future: Maxime Bernier". The Politic. August 31, 2007. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  180. ↑ "L'Albertain du Québec – Vigile.Québec". June 2, 2017. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  181. ↑ "Maxime Bernier's latest challenge: an ultramarathon". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. September 29, 2013.
  182. ↑ McGregor, Janyce. "Lazy days of summer? Not for these MPs". CBC News. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  183. ↑ "La vérité sur les cochons". La Presse+ (in French). July 30, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  184. ↑ "MP Maxime Bernier says Scheer won Tory leadership thanks to 'fake Conservatives'". The Globe and Mail Inc. April 10, 2018.
  185. ↑ "June 19, 2023, by-elections—Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  186. ↑ "Election night results". Elections Canada . Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  187. ↑ Elections Canada. "Official Voting Results" . Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  188. ↑ "Final Election Expenses Limit for Candidates – York Centre (Ontario)". www.elections.ca. January 27, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  189. ↑ "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  190. ↑ "Final Election Expenses Limits for Candidates 43rd General Election – October 21, 2019". Elections Canada. May 12, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  191. ↑ "Voter Information Service – Who are the candidates in my electoral district?" . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  192. ↑ "Elections Canada On-line – Élection Canada en-ligne". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  193. ↑ "OVR / ROS" . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  194. ↑ "Financial Reports: Candidate's Electoral Campaign Return" . Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for Beauce
2006–2019		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Industry
2006–2007		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2007–2008		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister responsible for La Francophonie
2007–2008		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.