44th Parliament of Canada | |||
---|---|---|---|
Minority parliament | |||
22 November 2021 – present | |||
Parliament leaders | |||
Prime Minister | Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau 4 Nov 2015 – present | ||
Cabinet | 29th Canadian Ministry | ||
Leader of the Opposition | Hon. Erin O'Toole 24 Aug 2020 – 2 Feb 2022 | ||
Hon. Candice Bergen 2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022 | |||
Hon. Pierre Poilievre 10 Sep 2022 – present | |||
Party caucuses | |||
Government | Liberal Party | ||
Opposition | Conservative Party | ||
Recognized | Bloc Québécois | ||
New Democratic Party [lower-alpha 1] | |||
Independent Senators Group* | |||
Canadian Senators Group* | |||
Progressive Senate Group* | |||
Unrecognized | Green Party | ||
* Only in the Senate. | |||
House of Commons | |||
Speaker of the Commons | Hon. Anthony Rota 5 Dec 2019 – 27 Sep 2023 | ||
Louis Plamondon (interim) 27 Sep 2023 – 3 Oct 2023 | |||
Hon. Greg Fergus 3 Oct 2023 – present | |||
Government House Leader | Hon. Mark Holland 26 Oct 2021 – 26 Jul 2023 | ||
Hon. Karina Gould 26 Jul 2023 – present | |||
Opposition House Leader | Gérard Deltell 2 Sep 2020 – 4 Feb 2022 | ||
John Brassard 5 Feb 2022 – 12 Sep 2022 | |||
Andrew Scheer 13 Sep 2022 – present | |||
Members | 338 MP seats List of members | ||
Senate | |||
Seating arrangements of the Senate | |||
Speaker of the Senate | Hon. George Furey 3 Dec 2015 – 12 May 2023 | ||
Hon. Raymonde Gagné 12 May 2023 – present | |||
Government Senate Rep. | Hon. Marc Gold 24 Jan 2020 – present | ||
Opposition Senate Leader | Hon. Don Plett 5 Nov 2019 – present | ||
Senators | 105 senator seats List of senators | ||
Sovereign | |||
Monarch | Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952 – 8 Sep 2022 | ||
Charles III 8 Sep 2022 – present | |||
Governor General | HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon 26 Jul 2021 – present | ||
Sessions | |||
1st session 22 November 2021 – present | |||
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44th Canadian Parliament |
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The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.
It is led by a Liberal Party minority government under the premiership of Justin Trudeau. Six months into the first session on 22 March 2022 it was announced that the New Democratic Party would henceforth support the government with confidence and supply measures. [1] [2] The support was contingent on the government implementing a pharmacare program and a dental care program. The temporary Canada Dental Benefit was established in December 2022, and the permanent Canadian Dental Care Plan began rolling out in December 2023. [3] [4]
Office | Photo | Party | Officer | Riding | Since |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speaker of the House of Commons | Liberal | Greg Fergus | Hull—Aylmer | 3 October 2023 |
Office | Photo | Officer | Riding | Since |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leader | Justin Trudeau | Papineau | 14 April 2013 | |
Deputy Leader | Chrystia Freeland | University-Rosedale | 20 November 2019 | |
House Leader | Karina Gould | Burlington | 26 July 2023 | |
Whip | Steven MacKinnon | Gatineau | 28 October 2021 | |
Caucus Chair | Brenda Shanahan | Châteauguay—Lacolle | 28 November 2021 |
Office | Photo | Officer | Riding | Since |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leader | Pierre Poilivevre | Carleton | 10 September 2022 | |
Deputy Leaders | Melissa Lantsman | Thornhill | 10 September 2022 | |
Tim Uppal | Edmonton Mill Woods | |||
House Leader | Andrew Scheer | Regina—Qu'Appelle | 13 September 2022 | |
Deputy House Leader | Luc Berthold | Mégantic—L'Érable | 13 September 2022 | |
Whip | Kerry-Lynne Findlay | South Surrey—White Rock | 13 September 2022 | |
Deputy Whip and question period Coordinator | Chris Warkentin | Grande Prairie-Mackenzie | 13 September 2022 | |
Caucus Chair | Scott Reid | Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston | 13 September 2022 | |
Caucus Party Liaison | Eric Duncan | Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry | 13 September 2022 | |
Caucus Committee Coordinator | Jake Stewart | Miramichi—Grand Lake | 13 September 2022 | |
Québec Lieutenant | Pierre Paul-Hus | Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles | 13 September 2022 |
Office | Photo | Party | Officer | Province | Since |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speaker of the Senate | Non-affiliated | Raymonde Gagné | Manitoba | 12 May 2023 |
Office | Officer | Province | Since |
---|---|---|---|
Government Representative in the Senate | Marc Gold | Quebec | 24 January 2020 |
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate | Patti LaBoucane-Benson | Alberta | N/A |
Government Liaison in the Senate | Michèle Audette | Quebec | 9 August 2023 |
Office | Photo | Officer | Province | Since |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leader of the Opposition | Don Plett | Manitoba | 5 November 2019 | |
Deputy leader of the Opposition | Yonah Martin | British Columbia | November 2015 | |
Whip of the Opposition | Judith Seidman | Quebec | N/A | |
Deputy Whip of the Opposition | Leo Housakos | Quebec | N/A | |
Chair of the Conservative Caucus | Rose-May Poirier | New Brunswick | December 2019 |
Number of members per party by date | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 20 | Mar 22 | May 27 | Sep 13 | Dec 31 | Jan 28 | Feb 28 | Mar 8 | Mar 22 | Jun 19 | Jul 24 | Aug 1 | Jan 16 | Feb 1 | Mar 4 | Mar 31 | May 27 | Jun 24 | Aug 31 | Sep 4 | Sep 16 | Sep 19 | |||
Liberal | 159 | 158 [lower-alpha 2] | 157 | 156 | 158 | 157 | 156 | 155 | 154 | 153 | ||||||||||||||
Conservative | 119 | 118 | 117 | 116 | 115 | 117 | 118 | 117 | 118 | 119 | ||||||||||||||
Bloc Québécois | 32 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
New Democratic | 25 | 24 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Green | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Independent | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total members | 338 | 337 | 336 | 335 | 334 | 333 | 337 | 338 | 337 | 336 | 335 | 336 | 335 | 334 | 335 | 334 | 336 | |||||||
Government majority | -20 | -21 [lower-alpha 2] | -19 | -18 | -19 | -21 | -22 | -21 | -22 | -23 | -24 | -25 | -26 | -27 | -28 | -30 | -31 | |||||||
Government majority with C & S measures [lower-alpha 3] [lower-alpha 4] | N/A [lower-alpha 3] | 30 | 29 | 31 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | N/A [lower-alpha 4] | |||||||
Vacant | 0 | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
Number of members per group by date | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sep 20 | Sep 27 | Oct 6 | Oct 7 | Oct 8 | Oct 18 | Oct 31 | Nov 20 | Jan 3 | Feb 4 | Mar 14 | Mar 18 | May 6 | Jun 3 | Jun 27 | Aug 4 | Sep 26 | Oct 2 | Oct 24 | Nov 10 | Nov 21 | Jan 10 | Jan 12 | Jan 24 | Jan 31 | Feb 9 | Feb 21 | Feb 23 | Feb 28 | May 3 | May 12 | May 15 | Jul 6 | Jul 11 | Aug 9 | Sep 7 | Sep 15 | Sep 19 | Oct 25 | Oct 31 | ||
Independent Senators Group | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conservative | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Progressive Senate Group | 14 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian Senators Group | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-affiliated | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
Total members | 94 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 90 | 89 | 90 | 93 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 91 | 90 | 89 | 94 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vacant | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 11 |
Number of members per group by date | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 8 | Nov 22 | Dec 14 | Dec 15 | Dec 20 | Dec 27 | Dec 30 | Jan 10 | Jan 15 | Jan 17 | Jan 22 | Jan 28 | Jan 30 | Feb 6 | Feb 12 | Feb 13 | Apr 10 | Apr 14 | Apr 18 | May 2 | May 13 | May 28 | Jun 3 | Jun 4 | Jun 10 | Jun 28 | Aug 17 | Aug 20 | Aug 30 | Aug 31 | Sep 10 | ||
Independent Senators Group | 39 | 40 | 41 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 42 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Canadian Senators Group | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conservative | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Progressive Senate Group | 12 | 13 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-affiliated | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | |||||||
Total members | 94 | 97 | 96 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 96 | 97 | 96 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 97 | 99 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||
Vacant | 11 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
Affiliation | House members | Senate members | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 election results | Current | +/– | On election day 2021 | Current [update] [34] | +/– | ||
Liberal | 160 | 153 | 7 | – | – | ||
Conservative | 119 | 119 | 18 | 12 | 6 | ||
Bloc Québécois | 32 | 33 | 1 | – | – | ||
New Democratic | 25 | 25 | – | – | |||
Green | 2 | 2 | – | – | |||
Independent | 0 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 15 | 6 | |
Indep. Senators | – | – | 40 | 41 | 1 | ||
Progressive Senate Group | – | – | 14 | 14 | |||
Canadian Senators Group | – | – | 13 | 18 | 5 | ||
Total members | 338 | 336 | 2 | 94 | 100 | 6 | |
Vacant | – | 2 | 2 | 11 | 5 | 6 | |
Total seats | 338 | – | 105 | – |
With the Liberal Party and NDP entering into a confidence and supply agreement on budgetary items and motions of confidence, the final component of the 2021 budget (Bill C-8) was adopted in June 2022. Among other provisions, Bill C-8 enacted the Underused Housing Tax Act, created a new tax credit to return carbon tax paid by farmers, created the COVID-19 Air Quality Improvement Tax Credit, and expanded both the School Supplies Tax Credit and the northern residents deduction amount. [35] Similarly, the 2022 budget was implemented in Bills C-19 and C-32. Among other provisions, Bill C-19 doubled the Home Accessibility Tax Credit, created the Labour Mobility Deduction for tradespeople, made vaping products subject to excise duties, removed excise duties from low-alcohol beer, removed the excise duty exemption that had applied to Canadian wine as directed by the WTO, and amended the Copyright Act as agreed to in the Canada-United States–Mexico Agreement, and criminalized Holocaust denial. Bill C-19 also enacted the Civil Lunar Gateway Agreement Implementation Act ; the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act; and the Select Luxury Items Tax Act to create a new sales tax applicable to luxury cars, planes and boats; and also repealed the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act. [36] Bill C-32 created the First Home Savings Account as a new registered savings plan and the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit; made income derived from house-flipping into business income for taxation purposes; created a temporary 15% tax on the taxable income of banks that exceeded $1 billion; and, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increased maximum financial assistance that can be provided to foreign states from US$5 billion to C$14 billion. [37] In other legislation, Bill C-11 adopted the Online Streaming Act and Bill C-18 adopted the Online News Act .
On healthcare, the Canada Dental Benefit was created with Bill C-31 with the Liberals, NDP and Green Party in support, and Conservatives and Bloc opposed. [38] With all party support, Bill C-10 directed $2.5 billion be paid for COVID testing purposes; Bill C-12 amended guaranteed income supplements to exclude payments received from the Emergency Response Benefit, the Recovery Benefit and the Worker Lockdown Benefit. [39] [40] With both the NDP and Conservatives opposing, Bill C-2 enacted the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act and extended various other COVID-related benefit programs. [41] On public safety and crime, with all party support, Bill C-3 inserted a new offence into the Criminal Code regarding intimidation of a person seeking health services and obstruction of lawful access to a place at which health services are provided. [42] Bill C-28 was adopted in response to R v Brown (2022) addressing self-induced extreme intoxication. [43]
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