44th Canadian Parliament

Last updated

44th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
22 November 2021  present
Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau
4 Nov 2015 – present
Cabinet 29th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition
Hon. Erin O'Toole
24 Aug 2020 – 2 Feb 2022
Hon. Candice Bergen
2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022
Hon. Pierre Poilievre
10 Sep 2022 – present
Party caucuses
Government Liberal Party
Opposition Conservative Party
Recognized Bloc Québécois
New Democratic Party
Independent Senators Group*
Canadian Senators Group*
Progressive Senate Group*
Unrecognized Green Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons
Hon. Anthony Rota
5 December 2019 27 September 2023
Louis Plamondon (interim)
27 September 2023 3 October 2023
Hon. Greg Fergus
3 October 2023 present
Government
House Leader
Hon. Mark Holland
October 26, 2021 – July 26, 2023
Hon. Karina Gould
July 26, 2023 – present
Members338 MP seats
List of members
Senate
Senate of Canada - Seating Plan (44th Parliament).svg
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate
Hon. George Furey
3 December 2015 12 May 2023
Hon. Raymonde Gagné
12 May 2023 present
Government
Senate Rep.
Hon. Marc Gold
24 January 2020 present
Opposition
Senate Leader
Hon. Don Plett
5 November 2019 present
Senators105 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch Elizabeth II
6 Feb 1952 – 8 Sep 2022
Charles III
8 Sep 2022 – present
Governor
General
HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon
26 July 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session
22 November 2021 – present
  43rd   45th

The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.

Contents

It is led by a Liberal Party minority government under the premiership of Justin Trudeau. Six months into the first session on 22 March 2022 it was announced that the New Democratic Party would henceforth support the government with confidence and supply measures. [1] [2] The support was contingent on the government implementing a pharmacare program and a dental care program. The temporary Canada Dental Benefit was established in December 2022, and the permanent Canadian Dental Care Plan began rolling out in December 2023. [3] [4]

Current leadership of the House of Commons

Presiding officer

OfficePhotoPartyOfficerRidingSince
Speaker of the House of Commons Liberal Greg Fergus Hull—Aylmer 3 October 2023

Government leadership (Liberal)

OfficePhotoOfficerRidingSince
Leader Justin Trudeau in April 2023.jpg Justin Trudeau Papineau 14 April 2013
Deputy Leader Chrystia Freeland in Ukraine - 2017 (cropped).jpg Chrystia Freeland University-Rosedale 20 November 2019
House Leader Karina Gould (cropped).jpg Karina Gould Burlington 26 July 2023
Whip Steven MacKinnon Gatineau 28 October 2021
Caucus Chair Brenda Shanahan Châteauguay—Lacolle 28 November 2021

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

OfficePhotoOfficerRidingSince
Leader Pierre Poilievre in 2023 (edited).jpg Pierre Poilivevre Carleton 10 September 2022
Deputy Leaders Melissa Lantsman 2022.jpg Melissa Lantsman Thornhill 10 September 2022
Uppalmp.png Tim Uppal Edmonton Mill Woods
House Leader Andrew Scheer 2019 (3x4 cropped).jpg Andrew Scheer Regina—Qu'Appelle 13 September 2022
Deputy House Leader Luc Berthold 2019.jpg Luc Berthold Mégantic—L'Érable 13 September 2022
Whip Kerry-Lynne Findlay (52520618232).jpg Kerry-Lynne Findlay South Surrey—White Rock 13 September 2022
Deputy Whip and question period Coordinator Chris Warkentin MP 2014.jpg Chris Warkentin Grande Prairie-Mackenzie 13 September 2022
Caucus Chair Scott Reid.jpg Scott Reid Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston 13 September 2022
Caucus Party Liaison Eric Duncan (52510773399) (cropped).jpg Eric Duncan Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry 13 September 2022
Caucus Committee Coordinator Jake Stewart Miramichi—Grand Lake 13 September 2022
Québec Lieutenant Pierre Paul-Hus - fete nationale - 2017 (cropped).jpg Pierre Paul-Hus Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles 13 September 2022

Current leadership of the Senate

Presiding officer

OfficePhotoPartyOfficerProvinceSince
Speaker of the Senate Raymonde Gagne, Speaker of the Canadian Senate on June 29, 2023 at OSCE - (cropped).jpg Non-affiliated Raymonde Gagné Manitoba 12 May 2023

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

OfficeOfficerProvinceSince
Government Representative in the Senate Marc Gold Quebec 24 January 2020
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate Patti LaBoucane-Benson Alberta N/A
Government Liaison in the Senate Michèle Audette Quebec 9 August 2023

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

OfficePhotoOfficerProvinceSince
Leader of the Opposition Don Plett 2009.jpg Don Plett Manitoba 5 November 2019
Deputy leader of the Opposition Yonahmartinsenator.png Yonah Martin British Columbia November 2015
Whip of the Opposition Judith Seidman Quebec N/A
Deputy Whip of the Opposition Leo Housakos Quebec N/A
Chair of the Conservative Caucus Rose-May Poirier New Brunswick December 2019

Timeline

2021

2022

2023

2024

Changes in MPs

Changes in seats held (2021–present)
SeatBeforeChange
DateMemberPartyReasonDateMemberParty
Spadina—Fort York 22 November 2021 Kevin Vuong   Liberal Excluded from caucus [19]   Independent
Mississauga—Lakeshore 27 May 2022 Sven Spengemann   Liberal Resigned to accept a position with the United Nations [20] [21] 12 December 2022 [22] Charles Sousa   Liberal
Richmond—Arthabaska 13 September 2022 Alain Rayes   Conservative Left caucus [23]   Independent
Winnipeg South Centre 12 December 2022 Jim Carr   Liberal Died in office [24] 19 June 2023 Ben Carr   Liberal
Calgary Heritage 31 December 2022 Bob Benzen   Conservative Resigned to return to the private sector [25] 24 July 2023 Shuvaloy Majumdar   Conservative
Oxford 28 January 2023 Dave MacKenzie   Conservative Retiring [26] 19 June 2023 Arpan Khanna   Conservative
Portage—Lisgar 28 February 2023 Candice Bergen   Conservative Resignation [27] 19 June 2023 Branden Leslie   Conservative
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount 8 March 2023 Marc Garneau   Liberal Retiring [28] 19 June 2023 Anna Gainey   Liberal
Don Valley North 22 March 2023 Han Dong   Liberal Left caucus [29]   Independent
Durham 1 August 2023 Erin O'Toole   Conservative Resignation4 March 2024 Jamil Jivani   Conservative
Toronto—St. Paul's 16 January 2024 Carolyn Bennett   Liberal Resignation [30]
LaSalle—Émard—Verdun 1 February 2024 David Lametti   Liberal Resignation to join law firm [31]
Elmwood—Transcona 31 March 2024 Daniel Blaikie   New Democratic Resigning to work with Premier of Manitoba Wab Kinew [32]

Membership changes

House of Commons

Number of members
per party by date
2021202220232024
Sep 20Mar 22May 27Sep 13Dec 31Jan 28Feb 28Mar 8Mar 22Jun 19Jul 24Aug 1Jan 16Feb 1Mar 4
Liberal 159158 [lower-alpha 1] 157156158157156
Conservative 119118117116115117118117118
Bloc Québécois 32
New Democratic 25
Green 2
Independent 123
 Total members338337336335334333337338337336335336
Government majority-20-21 [lower-alpha 1] -19-18-19-21-22-21-22-23-24
 Government majority
with C & S measures [lower-alpha 2]
N/A [lower-alpha 2] 3029313231292829282726
Vacant01 [lower-alpha 1] 2345101232
  1. 1 2 3 The Liberals briefly fell to 157 seats on December 12, 2022, during the period between Jim Carr's death and Charles Sousa's by-election victory in Mississauga—Lakeshore. During this period the government majority shrunk to -22, and the number of vacant seats rose to 2.
  2. 1 2 The Liberal and New Democratic (NDP) parties reach a confidence and supply agreement on 22 March 2022.

Senate

Number of members
per group by date
202120222023
Sep 20Sep 27Oct 6Oct 7Oct 8Oct 18Oct 31Nov 20Jan 3Feb 4Mar 14Mar 18May 6Jun 3Jun 27Aug 4Sep 26Oct 2Oct 24Nov 10Nov 21Jan 10Jan 12Jan 24Jan 31Feb 9Feb 21Feb 23Feb 28May 3May 12May 15Jul 6Jul 11Aug 9Sep 7Sep 15Sep 19Oct 25Oct 31
Independent Senators Group 40414243444342414039403938373839
Conservative 18171615
Progressive Senate Group 1413141312131211
  Canadian Senators Group 1312131213121112131415
Non-affiliated98765679101114131211109810911121110914
 Total members949392919089889089909391908991908991908994
Vacant111213141516171516151214151614151614151611
Number of members
per group by date
20232024
Nov 8Nov 22Dec 14Dec 15Dec 20Dec 27Dec 30Jan 10Jan 15Jan 17Jan 22Jan 28Jan 30Feb 6Feb 12Feb 13
Independent Senators Group 3940414039
  Canadian Senators Group 16151617
Conservative 1514
Progressive Senate Group 121314
Non-affiliated13121110131211101112111213
 Total members9497969596979697
Vacant1189109898

Party standings

Standings in the 44th Canadian Parliament
Affiliation House members Senate members
2021 election
results
Current+/–On election
day 2021
Current [33] +/–
Liberal 160156Decrease2.svg 4Steady2.svg
Conservative 119118Decrease2.svg 11814Decrease2.svg 4
Bloc Québécois 3232Steady2.svgSteady2.svg
New Democratic 2525Steady2.svgSteady2.svg
Green 22Steady2.svgSteady2.svg
Independent 03Increase2.svg 3913Increase2.svg 4
Independent Senators Group Steady2.svg4039Decrease2.svg 1
Progressive Senate Group Steady2.svg1414Steady2.svg
Canadian Senators Group Steady2.svg1317Increase2.svg 4
Total members338336Decrease2.svg 29497Increase2.svg 3
Vacant2Increase2.svg 2118Decrease2.svg 3
Total seats338105

Legislation

With the Liberal Party and NDP entering into a confidence and supply agreement on budgetary items and motions of confidence, the final component of the 2021 budget (Bill C-8) was adopted in June 2022. Among other provisions, Bill C-8 enacted the Underused Housing Tax Act, created a new tax credit to return carbon tax paid by farmers, created the COVID-19 Air Quality Improvement Tax Credit, and expanded both the School Supplies Tax Credit and the northern residents deduction amount. [34] Similarly, the 2022 budget was implemented in Bills C-19 and C-32. Among other provisions, Bill C-19 doubled the Home Accessibility Tax Credit, created the Labour Mobility Deduction for tradespeople, made vaping products subject to excise duties, removed excise duties from low-alcohol beer, removed the excise duty exemption that had applied to Canadian wine as directed by the WTO, and amended the Copyright Act as agreed to in the Canada-United States–Mexico Agreement, and criminalized Holocaust denial. Bill C-19 also enacted the Civil Lunar Gateway Agreement Implementation Act ; the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act; and the Select Luxury Items Tax Act to create a new sales tax applicable to luxury cars, planes and boats; and also repealed the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act. [35] Bill C-32 created the First Home Savings Account as a new registered savings plan and the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit; made income derived from house-flipping into business income for taxation purposes; created a temporary 15% tax on the taxable income of banks that exceeded $1 billion; and, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increased maximum financial assistance that can be provided to foreign states from US$5 billion to C$14 billion. [36] In other legislation, Bill C-11 adopted the Online Streaming Act and Bill C-18 adopted the Online News Act .

On healthcare, the Canada Dental Benefit was created with Bill C-31 with the Liberals, NDP and Green Party in support, and Conservatives and Bloc opposed. [37] With all party support, Bill C-10 directed $2.5 billion be paid for COVID testing purposes; Bill C-12 amended guaranteed income supplements to exclude payments received from the Emergency Response Benefit, the Recovery Benefit and the Worker Lockdown Benefit. [38] [39] With both the NDP and Conservatives opposing, Bill C-2 enacted the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act and extended various other COVID-related benefit programs. [40] On public safety and crime, with all party support, Bill C-3 inserted a new offence into the Criminal Code regarding intimidation of a person seeking health services and obstruction of lawful access to a place at which health services are provided. [41] Bill C-28 was adopted in response to R v Brown (2022) addressing self-induced extreme intoxication. [42]

See also

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