45th Canadian Parliament

45th Canadian Parliament
Minority parliament
May. 26, 2025 – present
Canadian Parliament (2025)
Parliament leaders
Prime minister	Rt. Hon. Mark Carney Mar. 14, 2025 – present
Cabinet	30th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Hon. Andrew Scheer May. 6, 2025 – Aug. 18, 2025
	Hon. Pierre Poilievre Aug. 18, 2025 – present
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	Conservative Party
Recognized	Bloc Québécois
	Independent Senators Group*
	Canadian Senators Group*
	Progressive Senate Group*
Unrecognized	New Democratic Party
	Green Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Hon. Francis Scarpaleggia May. 26, 2025 – present
Government House leader	Hon. Steven MacKinnon May. 13, 2025 – present
Opposition House leader	Hon. Andrew Scheer Sep. 13, 2022 – present
Members	343 MP seats List of members
Senate
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Hon. Raymonde Gagné May. 16, 2023 – present
Government Senate rep.	Hon. Marc Gold Jan. 24, 2020 – Jun. 30, 2025
	Hon. Pierre Moreau Dec. 30, 2025 – present
Opposition Senate leader	Hon. Leo Housakos May. 14, 2025 – present
Senators	105 senator seats List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch	HM Charles III Sep. 8, 2022 – present
Governor general	HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon Jul. 26, 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session 26 May 2025 – Present
←  44th

The 45th Canadian Parliament is the current legislative session of the Parliament of Canada, which began on May 26, 2025, with the membership of the House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2025 federal election held on April 28. ^[1]

Overview

Canada's constitution mandates reviews of electoral divisions following each decennial census to reflect changes and movements in population. This parliament is the first one seated in accordance with the 2023 representation orders ^[2] determined based on the 2021 census, which expanded the House of Commons by five seats (1 in British Columbia, 3 in Alberta, and 1 in Ontario). ^[3]

The session was opened personally by Charles III, King of Canada, on May 27, 2025, during his first royal visit to Canada as monarch. ^{[4] [5]} This was the first time in over half a century that the reigning monarch had opened parliament, since Elizabeth II did so for the 23rd Canadian Parliament in 1957, as well as the first time the sovereign had personally read the Speech from the Throne since Elizabeth II did so at the opening of the third session of the 30th Canadian Parliament in 1977. ^[6] Its legislative session commenced on May 26, 2025, with the unprecedented event of a prime minister taking a seat in parliament for the first time.

Sessions

The 45th Parliament is currently in its first session:

Session	Start	End
1st	May 26, 2025 [7]	In process

Leadership of the House of Commons

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Riding	Since
Speaker of the House of Commons		Liberal	Francis Scarpaleggia	Lac-Saint-Louis	May 26, 2025

Government leadership (Liberal)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Mark Carney	Nepean	March 9, 2025
House Leader		Steven MacKinnon	Gatineau	May 13, 2025
Chief Whip		Mark Gerretsen	Kingston and the Islands	May 14, 2025
Caucus Chair		James Maloney	Etobicoke—Lakeshore	May 2025

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Pierre Poilievre	Battle River—Crowfoot	September 10, 2022
Deputy Leaders		Melissa Lantsman	Thornhill
		Tim Uppal	Edmonton Gateway
House Leader		Andrew Scheer	Regina—Qu'Appelle	September 13, 2022
Deputy House Leader		Luc Berthold	Mégantic—L'Érable—Lotbinière
Whip		Chris Warkentin	Grande Prairie	May 21, 2025
Deputy Whip		Rob Moore	Fundy Royal
Question period Coordinator		Eric Duncan	Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry
Caucus Chair		Scott Reid	Lanark—Frontenac	September 13, 2022
Caucus Party Liaison		Warren Steinley	Regina—Lewvan	May 21, 2025
Committee Coordinator		John Brassard	Barrie South—Innisfil
Quebec Lieutenant		Pierre Paul-Hus	Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles	September 13, 2022

House Committees

^[8]

Committee	Chair	Vice Chairs
Veterans Affairs	Marie-France Lalonde (LPC)	Blake Richards (CPC) Marie-Hélène Gaudreau (BQ)
Agriculture and Agri-Food	Michael Coteau (LPC)	John Barlow (CPC) Yves Perron (BQ)
Canadian Heritage	Lisa Hepfner (LPC)	Rachael Thomas (CPC) Martin Champoux (BQ)
International Trade	Hon. Judy A. Sgro (LPC)	Adam Chambers (CPC) Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (BQ)
Citizenship and Immigration	Julie Dzerowicz (LPC)	Hon. Michelle Rempel Garner (CPC) Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe (BQ)
Environment and Sustainable Development	Angelo Iacono (LPC)	Ellis Ross (CPC) Patrick Bonin (BQ)
Access to Information, Privacy, and Ethics	John Brassard (CPC)	Linda Lapointe (LPC) Luc Thériault (BQ)
Status of Women	Marilyn Gladu (CPC)	Emmanuella Lambropoulos (LPC) Andréanne Larouche (BQ)
Foreign Affairs and International Development	Hon. Ahmed Hussen (LPC)	Hon. Michael Chong (CPC) Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe (BQ)
Finance	Hon. Karina Gould (LPC)	Jasraj Singh Hallan (CPC) Jean-Denis Garon (BQ)
Fisheries and Oceans	Patrick Weiler (LPC)	Mel Arnold (CPC) Alexis Deschênes (BQ)
Health	Hon. Hedy Fry (LPC)	Dan Mazier (CPC) Luc Theriault (BQ)
Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities	Bobby Morrissey (LPC)	Rosemarie Falk (CPC) Marilène Gill (BQ)
Indigenous and Northern Affairs	Terry Sheehan (LPC)	Jamie Schmale (CPC) Sebastian Lemire (BQ)
Industry and Technology	Ben Carr (LPC)	Raquel Dancho (CPC) Gabriel Ste-Marie (BQ)
Justice and Human Rights	Hon. Marc Miller (LPC)	Larry Brock (CPC) Rhéal Fortin (BQ)
Official Languages	Yvan Baker (LPC)	Joël Godin (CPC) Mario Beaulieu (BQ)
National Defence	Charles Sousa (LPC)	James Bezan (CPC) Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (BQ)
Government Operations and Estimates	Kelly McCauley (CPC)	Iqwinder Gaheer (LPC) Marie-Hélène Gaudreau (BQ)
Public Accounts	John Williamson (CPC)	Jean Yip (LPC) Sébastien Lemire (BQ)
Procedure and House Affairs	Chris Bittle (LPC)	Michael Cooper (CPC) Christine Normandin (BQ)
Natural Resources	Hon. Terry Duguid (LPC)	Shannon Stubbs (CPC) Mario Simard (BQ)
Public Safety and National Security	Hon. Jean-Yves Duclos (LPC)	Frank Caputo (CPC) Claude DeBellefeuille (BQ)
Science and Research	Salma Zahid (LPC)	Tony Baldinelli (CPC) Maxime Blanchette-Joncas (BQ)
Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities	Peter Schiefke (LPC)	Dan Albas (CPC) Xavier Barsalou-Duval (BQ)

Joint Committees

Committee	Joint Chairs	Vice Chair (s)
Library of Parliament	Hon. Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia MP Angelo Iacono (LPC)	MP Louis Plamondon (BQ)
Scrutiny of Regulations	Hon. Yuen Pau Woo MP Dan Albas (CPC)	Tim Louis (LPC) Denis Trudel (BQ)

Current leadership of the Senate

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Province	Since
Speaker of the Senate		Non-affiliated	Raymonde Gagné	Manitoba	12 May 2023
Speaker pro tempore		Independent Senators Group	René Cormier	New Brunswick	June 5, 2025

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

Office	Officer	Province	Since
Government Representative in the Senate	Pierre Moreau	Quebec	July 18, 2025
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate	Patti LaBoucane-Benson	Alberta	N/A
Government Liaison in the Senate	Iris Petten	Newfoundland and Labrador	September 5, 2024

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Province	Since
Leader of the Opposition		Leo Housakos	Quebec	May 14, 2025
Deputy leader of the Opposition		Yonah Martin	British Columbia	November 2015
Whip of the Opposition		Judith Seidman	Quebec	N/A
Caucus Chair		Denise Batters	Saskatchewan	N/A

Senate Committees

^[9]

Committee	Chair (s)	Deputy Chair (s)
Foreign Affairs and International Relations	Peter M. Boehm (ISG)	Peter Harder (PSG)
Agriculture and Forestry	Robert Black (CSG)	John M. McNair (ISG)
Audit and Oversight	Marty Klyne (PSG)	David M. Wells (CPC) Colin Deacon (CSG) Tony Loffreda (ISG)
Indigenous Peoples	Michèle Audette (PSG)	Margo Greenwood (ISG)
Banking, Commerce, and the Economy	Clément Gignac (CSG)	Toni Varone (ISG)
Internal Economy, Budgets, and Administration	Lucie Moncion (ISG)	Claude Carignan (CPC) Danièle Henkel (PSG) Jim Quinn (CSG)
Ethics and Conflict of Interest for Senators	Judith Seidman (CPC)	Peter Harder (PSG)
Energy, the Environment, and Natural Resources	Pat Duncan (ISG)	Josée Verner (CSG)
Legal and Constitutional Affairs	David Arnot (ISG)	Denise Batters (CPC)
National Finance	Claude Carignan (CPC)	Éric Forest (ISG)
Official Languages	Allister Surette (ISG)	Rose-May Poirier (CPC)
Fisheries and Oceans	Fabian Manning (CPC)	Bev Busson (ISG)
Human Rights	Paulette Senior (ISG)	Wanda Thomas Bernard (PSG)
Rules, Procedures, and Rights of Parliament	Pierre Dalphond (PSG)	Denise Batters (CPC) Stan Kutcher (ISG) Percy Downe (CSG) Pierrette Ringuette (ISG)
National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs	Hassan Yussuff (ISG)	Mohammad Al Zaibak (CSG)
Selection	Michael L. MacDonald (CPC)	Chantal Petitclerc (ISG)
Social Affairs, Science and Technology	Rosemary Moodie (ISG)	Gigi Osler (CSG)
Transport and Communications	Larry Smith (CPC)	Donna Dasko (ISG)

Legislation and motions

Acts which received Royal Assent

Date of Assent	Title	Bill #
June 26, 2025	An Act to amend the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act (supply management) [10]	C-202
	An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026 [11]	C-6
	An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026 [12]	C-7
	An Act to enact the Free Trade and Labour Mobility in Canada Act and the Building Canada Act (One Canadian Economy Act) [13]	C-5
November 20, 2025	An Act to amend the Citizenship Act (2025) [14]	C-3
	An Act to authorize Gore Mutual Insurance Company to apply to be continued as a body corporate under the laws of the Province of Quebec	S-1001
December 11, 2025	An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026 [15]	C-17

Timeline

Changes in MPs

See also: By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament

Changes in seats held (2025–present)

Seat	Before			Change
	Date	Member	Party	Reason	Date	Member	Party
Battle River—Crowfoot	June 17, 2025	Damien Kurek	█  Conservative	Resigned to provide a seat for Pierre Poilievre	August 18, 2025	Pierre Poilievre	█  Conservative
Acadie—Annapolis	November 4, 2025	Chris d'Entremont	█  Conservative	Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus. [16] [17]			█  Liberal
Markham—Unionville	December 11, 2025	Michael Ma	█  Conservative	Left caucus to join the Liberal Party government caucus.			█  Liberal

2025

• April 28 – In the 45th Canadian federal election, the incumbent Liberal Party wins the most seats in the House of Commons, but fails to reach a majority government.
• May 13 – The new Ministry is sworn in, overseen by Governor General Mary Simon.
• May 26 – Lac-Saint-Louis MP Francis Scarpaleggia is elected Speaker of the House of Commons.
• May 27 – Opening of the 45th Parliament and the Speech from the Throne, delivered by Charles III, King of Canada. ^[18]
• June 2 - Carney government loses non-binding motion by 166 to 164 that it present a budget before the House of Commons rises for summer vacation on 20 June. ^{[19] [20]} Carney and Champagne had announced their plans not to produce a budget before the Speech from the Throne, if not earlier. ^[21]
• June 5 - Carney government wins approval of motion in support of the Speech from the Throne, without recorded division. ^[22] The NDP said it planned not to support the motion, ^[22] but support from the Bloc Québécois had been guaranteed since 29 April. ^[23]
• August 18 – Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre is elected as the new member for Battle River—Crowfoot following a by-election.
• September 16 – University—Rosedale MP Chrystia Freeland resigns as a Cabinet minister and announces that she will not seek re-election at the next federal election. Carney then shuffles his Cabinet.
• November 4 – Acadie—Annapolis MP Chris d'Entremont, from Nova Scotia, crosses the floor from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party in order to support the government's budget. ^[24]
• November 6 - Matt Jeneroux announced his resignation as the Conservative Party MP for Edmonton Riverbend, remaining in the House until Spring 2026. ^[25]
• November 17 – The federal budget passes by a vote of 170 to 168, with 4 absentions and 1 absence.
• November 27 – Laurier—Sainte-Marie MP Steven Guilbeault resigns as a Cabinet minister.
• December 1 – Carney conducts a minor Cabinet shuffle.
• December 11 – Markham—Unionville MP Michael Ma, from Ontario, crosses the floor from the Conservative Party to the Liberal Party. ^[26]

Membership changes

House of Commons

Number of members per party by date		2025
		Apr 28	Jun 17	Aug 18	Nov 4	Dec 11
	Liberal	169			170	171
	Conservative	144	143	144	143	142
	Bloc Québécois	22
	New Democratic	7
	Green	1
	Independent	0
	Total members	343	342	343
	Government Majority	–5	–4	–5	–3	–1
	Vacant	0	1	0

Senate

Senate group changes during 45th Parliament

Date	ISG	CSG	PSG	CPC	NA	Vac.	Tot.
2025-04-28	45	18	18	12	12	0	105
2025-05-13		19			11
2025-05-14				11		1
2025-05-20		20			10
2025-05-26		21			9
2025-06-03	46				8
2025-06-04				12	7
2025-06-10				13	6
2025-06-11		20		14
2025-06-30					5	2
2025-07-18			17		6
2025-08-01	45		18
2025-09-01				13		3
2025-09-05	46		17
2025-09-09	45					4
2025-09-21	44					5
2025-09-23	43				7
2025-09-25		19			8
2025-10-09			16	14
2025-10-17				13		6
2025-11-15	42					7

Party standings

Standings in the 45th Canadian Parliament

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Affiliation		House members			Senate members
		2025 election results	Present	+/–	On election day 2025	Present	+/–
	Liberal	169	171	2	–	–
	Conservative	144	142	2	12	13	1
	Bloc Québécois	22	22		–	–
	New Democratic	7	7		–	–
	Green	1	1		–	–
	Independent Senators Group	–	–		45	42	3
	Canadian Senators Group	–	–		18	19	1
	Progressive Senate Group	–	–		18	16	2
	Government Representative’s Office	–	–		–	5	5
	Independent or non-affiliated	–	–		12	3	9
Total members		343	343		105	99	6
	Vacant	0	0		0	7	7
Total seats		343		–	105		–

Members of the House of Commons

Main article: List of House members of the 45th Parliament of Canada

Members of the Senate

Main article: List of current senators of Canada

See also

• 2025 Speech from the Throne
• Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 45th Parliament of Canada
• Women in the 45th Canadian Parliament

References

1. "Canada Votes 2025". CBC Canada Votes 2025. 2025-04-29. Retrieved 2025-04-29.
2. Canada, Elections. "Interactive Data Visualizer ? 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada. Archived from the original on 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
3. "The Process for Readjusting the Seat Count in the House of Commons and the Boundaries of Electoral Districts". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
4. "King Charles will visit Ottawa to give May 27 throne speech" . The Toronto Star. May 2, 2025. Archived from the original on May 2, 2025. Retrieved May 2, 2025.
5. Woods, Micheal; Davison, Janet (2025-05-02). "King Charles will visit Canada, deliver throne speech to open Parliament". CBC News . Retrieved 2025-05-02.
6. McFater, Madison (May 3, 2025). "What is a throne speech? Why King Charles will deliver just Canada's third one by a reigning monarch". The National Post. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
7. Government of Canada. "Parliaments – Duration of Sessions". ParlInfo. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2007.
8. "List of Committees". www.ourcommons.ca. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
9. "Committees".
10. "C-202 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-04. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
11. "C-6 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
12. "C-7 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-20. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
13. "C-5 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-10-10. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
14. "C-3 (45-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada". www.parl.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-09-12. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
15. "An Act for granting to His Majesty certain sums of money for the federal public administration for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026". LEGISinfo. 2025-12-13. Retrieved 2025-12-13.
16. "Conservative MP says he's considering joining Canada's Liberal government". POLITICO. 2025-11-04. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
17. Tasker, John Paul (November 4, 2025). "Nova Scotia MP Chris d'Entremont is out of the Conservative caucus". CBC News .
18. "King Charles's Throne Speech to Canada's Parliament - follow live". BBC News. Retrieved 2025-05-27.
19. "Liberals downplay narrowly lost vote demanding spring budget | National Post".
20. "Liberals say they aren't bound by vote calling for budget or fiscal update before summer". The Globe and Mail.
21. "Opinion: A Throne Speech fit for a king. But where's the budget?". The Globe and Mail.
22. "PM Mark Carney's Liberal government passes first hurdle with throne speech amendment". CP24. June 5, 2025.
23. "Blanchet says he won't 'threaten to overthrow the government' soon | National Post".
24. Tasker, John Paul (November 4, 2025). "Nova Scotia MP Chris d'Entremont is out of the Conservative caucus". CBC News .
25. Conservative MP Matt Jeneroux announces resignation from Parliament
26. Ha, Stephanie (2025-12-12). "MP Michael Ma leaves Conservative caucus to join Liberals". CTV News . Retrieved 2025-12-12.