40th Canadian Parliament

Last updated

40th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
18 November 2008  26 March 2011
Royal Coat of Arms of Canada.svg
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper
February 6, 2006 – November 4, 2015
Cabinet 28th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition
Hon. Stéphane Dion
December 2, 2006 – December 10, 2008
Hon. Michael Ignatieff
December 10, 2008 – May 2, 2011
Party caucuses
Government Conservative Party
Opposition Liberal Party
Recognized Bloc Québécois
New Democratic Party
Unrecognized Progressive Conservative*
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
40th Can House.svg
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons
Hon. Peter Milliken
January 29, 2001 – June 2, 2011
Government
House Leader
Hon. Jay Hill
October 3, 2008 – August 6, 2010
Hon. John Baird
August 6, 2010 – May 2, 2011
Opposition
House Leader
Hon. Ralph Goodale
February 10, 2006 – September 10, 2010
David McGuinty
September 10, 2010 – May 26, 2011
Members308 seats MP seats
List of members
Senate
40th Can Senate.svg
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate
Hon. Noël A. Kinsella
February 8, 2006 – November 26, 2014
Government
Senate Leader
Hon. Marjory LeBreton
February 6, 2006 - July 14, 2013
Opposition
Senate Leader
Hon. Jim Cowan
November 3, 2008 – November 5, 2015
Senators105 seats senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch Elizabeth II
February 6, 1952 – 8 September 2022
Governor
General
Rt. Hon. Michaëlle Jean
September 27, 2005 – October 1, 2010
Rt. Hon. David Johnston
October 1, 2010 – October 2, 2017
Sessions
1st session
November 18, 2008 – December 4, 2008
2nd session
January 26, 2009 – December 30, 2009
3rd session
March 3, 2010 – March 26, 2011
  39th   41st

The 40th Canadian Parliament was in session from November 18, 2008 to March 26, 2011. It was the last Parliament of the longest-running minority government in Canadian history that began with the previous Parliament. The membership of its House of Commons was determined by the results of the 2008 federal election held on October 14, 2008. Its first session was then prorogued by the Governor General on December 4, 2008, at the request of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who was facing a likely no-confidence motion and a coalition agreement between the Liberal party and the New Democratic Party with the support of the Bloc Québécois (2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute). Of the 308 MPs elected at the October 14, 2008 general election, 64 were new to Parliament and three sat in Parliaments previous to the 39th: John Duncan, Jack Harris and Roger Pomerleau.

Contents

There were three sessions of the 40th Parliament. On March 25, 2011, the House of Commons passed a Liberal motion of non-confidence by a vote of 156 to 145, finding the Conservative Cabinet in contempt of parliament, an unprecedented finding in Canadian and Commonwealth parliamentary history. [1] On March 26, 2011, Prime Minister Stephen Harper subsequently asked Governor General David Johnston to dissolve parliament and issue a writ of election. [2]

Party standings

The party standings as of the election, and at dissolution, were as follows:

Standings in the 40th Canadian Parliament
Affiliation House members Senate members
2008 election
results [3]
At dissolutionOn election
day 2008 [4]
At dissolution
Conservative 1431432152
Liberal 77775846
Bloc Québécois 494700
New Democratic 373600
Independent 2 [5] 1 [6] 5 [7] 2 [8]
Senate Progressive Conservative Caucus003 [9] 2 [10]
Independent Conservative01 [11] 00
Independent Liberal001 [12] 0
Independent New Democrat001 [13] 0
Total members30830589102
Vacant03163
Total seats308105

Resignations and by-elections

NDP MP Dawn Black resigned her seat of New Westminster—Coquitlam effective April 13, 2009, to run (successfully) in the provincial riding of New Westminster in the 2009 British Columbia general election. [14] The NDP's Fin Donnelly won the seat left vacant by Black in a by-election on November 9, 2009. [15]

Independent MP Bill Casey resigned his seat of Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley effective April 30, 2009, to accept a job as the Nova Scotia Department of Intergovernmental Affairs' senior representative in Ottawa. He was a former Conservative who voted against the 2007 budget, claiming that it broke the Atlantic Accord with his province and Newfoundland and Labrador, and was subsequently expelled from the Conservative caucus. [16] Scott Armstrong, the Conservative candidate, won the by-election for this seat on November 9, 2009. [15]

Bloc Québécois MP Paul Crête resigned his seat of Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup on May 21, 2009, to run in a provincial by-election in Rivière-du-Loup. Conservative Bernard Généreux won the November 9, 2009 by-election for this seat. [15]

Bloc Québécois MP Réal Ménard resigned his seat of Hochelaga on September 16, 2009, to run in Montreal's municipal elections. [17] On November 9, 2009, Daniel Paillé won this seat for the Bloc in a by-election. [15]

New Democratic Party MP Judy Wasylycia-Leis (Winnipeg North) resigned from the House on April 30, 2010, to run (unsuccessfully) for the mayoralty of Winnipeg. [18] Liberal Kevin Lamoureux won the by-election to replace her on November 29, 2010. [19]

Liberal MP Maurizio Bevilacqua (Vaughan) resigned from the House effective August 25, 2010 to successfully run for mayor in Vaughan. [20] Conservative Julian Fantino won the November 29, 2010 by-election to replace him. [19]

Conservative MP Inky Mark (Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette) resigned from the House effective September 15, 2010 to run for mayor in Dauphin. [21] Robert Sopuck held the seat for the Conservatives in a by-election held on November 29, 2010. [19]

Bloc Québécois MP Jean-Yves Roy resigned from the House effective October 22, 2010, [22] followed by Conservative MP Jay Hill effective October 25, 2010. [23] Conservative MP Jim Prentice resigned from the House effective November 14, 2010 to take a position with CIBC. [24] By-elections in these three ridings were not scheduled prior to the issue of the writ for the 41st general election.

1st session and prorogation

The first session of the 40th parliament opened on November 18, 2008, after Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the Conservatives won a slightly stronger minority government in the 2008 election. With a new government in session, Finance Minister Jim Flaherty tabled a fiscal update nine days later. Among other things, the update cut government spending, suspended the ability of civil servants to strike, sold off some Crown assets, and eliminated existing political party subsidies. This fiscal update was rejected by the opposition, and became a catalyst for talks of a coalition government. Stéphane Dion of the Liberal Party and Jack Layton of the New Democratic Party, signed an accord stating that in the event that the government lost the confidence of the house, they would form a coalition with the support of Gilles Duceppe and the Bloc Québécois, if asked to do so by the Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean. However, Stephen Harper delayed the vote of non-confidence scheduled for December 1, and the Governor General prorogued parliament on Harper's advice on December 4, 2008, until January 26, 2009.

After prorogation, calls came from within the Liberal Party for Dion to resign immediately. Dion initially scheduled his resignation for the party's leadership convention in May 2009, but on December 8, 2008, he announced that he would step down upon the selection of an interim leader. After the withdrawal of Bob Rae and Dominic LeBlanc from the 2009 leadership race, Michael Ignatieff became the only leadership candidate, and therefore was appointed interim leader of the Liberals and the opposition on December 10, 2008.

2nd session and prorogation

The Governor-in-Council recalled parliament on January 26, 2009. Its first business (after the Throne Speech) was to present the federal budget, which included a large deficit. After negotiations with new opposition leader Michael Ignatieff, the government promised to present regular updates on the stimulus budget, and the Liberals and Conservatives joined to pass the budget and keep the Conservative government in power. The Conservative government made crime a major focus of the session. The Conservatives reintroduced their former mandatory minimums bill, known as Bill C-15. [25]

Protests against prorogation in Ottawa.jpg
Protest on Parliament Hill in Ottawa against the prorogation
Protests against prorogation in Vancouver (2).jpg
March in Vancouver against the prorogation

On December 30, 2009, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that he would advise the Governor General to prorogue parliament during the 2010 Winter Olympics, until March 3, 2010. He telephoned Governor General Michaëlle Jean to ask her permission to end the parliamentary session and Jean signed the proclamation later that day. [26] [27] According to Harper's spokesman, he sought his second prorogation to consult with Canadians about the economy. [26] In an interview with CBC News, Prince Edward Island Liberal member of parliament Wayne Easter accused the Prime Minister of "shutting democracy down". [28] [29] The second prorogation in a year also received some international criticism as being not very democratic. [30]

In response to the prorogation, demonstrations took place on January 23, 2010, in over 60 Canadian cities, and at least four cities in other countries. The protests attracted thousands of participants, many who had joined a group on Facebook. [31] [32]

Senate appointments

The Senate of Canada has seen new members appointed in blocs of 18, 9, and 5; all were appointed to the Conservative caucus. The balance of power shifted for the first time on August 27, 2009, when the Liberal caucus was reduced to holding a plurality of 52 seats. On January 29, 2010, the balance shifted again as five vacancies were filled by appointed Conservatives, giving them a plurality of 51, with the Liberals holding the next-highest number of seats at 49. The Conservatives achieved an absolute majority when Don Meredith and Larry Smith were appointed on December 20, 2010. After dissolution, Smith and Fabian Manning resigned to run in the 2011 election. That reduced the Conservative caucus to 52, but they retained a majority of sitting senators as there were 50 senators of other parties and 3 vacancies.

Honorary senators

The Senate of Canada posthumously awarded the title of Honorary Senator during the 40th Parliament to five pioneering women known as The Famous Five. [33]

Emily Murphy
Henrietta Muir Edwards
Nellie McClung
Irene Parlby
Louise McKinney

Members

Committees

House

Senate

Joint committees

Officeholders

Speakers

Other chair occupants

Senate

House of Commons

Leaders

Floor leaders

Senate

House of Commons

Whips

Senate

House of Commons

Shadow cabinets

By-elections

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Vaughan November 29, 2010 Maurizio Bevilacqua Liberal Julian Fantino Conservative Resigned to run for Mayor of Vaughan No
Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette November 29, 2010 Inky Mark Conservative Robert Sopuck Conservative Resigned to run for Mayor of Dauphin Yes
Winnipeg North November 29, 2010 Judy Wasylycia-Leis New Democratic Kevin Lamoureux Liberal Resigned to run for Mayor of Winnipeg No
Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley November 9, 2009 Bill Casey Independent Scott Armstrong Conservative Resigned to accept appointment with Nova Scotia's Department of Intergovernmental AffairsNo
Hochelaga November 9, 2009 Réal Ménard Bloc Québécois Daniel Paillé Bloc Québécois Resigned to run for Montreal City Council Yes
Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup November 9, 2009 Paul Crête Bloc Québécois Bernard Généreux Conservative Resigned to enter provincial politicsNo
New Westminster—Coquitlam November 9, 2009 Dawn Black New Democratic Fin Donnelly New Democratic Resigned to enter provincial politicsYes

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References

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  4. Members of the Canadian Senate are appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and remain as senators until the age of 75, even if the House of Commons has been dissolved or an election has been called.
  5. André Arthur and Bill Casey.
  6. André Arthur
  7. Anne Cools, Michael Pitfield, Marcel Prud'homme, Jean-Claude Rivest, Mira Spivak.
  8. Anne Cools, Jean-Claude Rivest.
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  24. "Prentice resigns seat; earliest byelection Jan. 3. Calgary Herald , November 17, 2010. p. A4
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