York Centre (federal electoral district)

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York Centre
Flag of Ontario.svg Ontario electoral district
York Centre (Canadian electoral district) (2022 redistribution).svg
York Centre (federal electoral district)
Interactive map of riding boundaries from the 2015 federal election
Federal electoral district
Legislature House of Commons
MP
 
 
 
Roman Baber
Conservative
District created1952
First contested 1953
Last contested 2025
District webpage profile, map
Demographics
Population (2021) [1] 108,307
Electors (2015)63,682
Area (km²) [2] 37
Pop. density (per km²)2,927.2
Census division(s) Toronto
Census subdivision(s) Toronto (part)

York Centre (French : York-Centre) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1917 and since 1953. It is currently represented by Conservative MP Roman Baber.

Contents

The electoral district was previously considered one of the safest Liberal Party seats in Canada, represented by prominent Liberal MPs with national significance such as Toronto's longest serving mayor Art Eggleton and the hockey legend Ken Dryden. However, this changed as the Conservative Party gained ground in the 2000s. The Conservative Party captured it in 2011 and were competitive in the three subsequent elections. It regained the seat in the 2025 election.

Demographics

As per the 2016 Census, 17.0% of York Centre residents are of Filipino ethnic origin, which is the highest figure among all city of Toronto ridings. At the same time, the York Centre riding has the highest percentage of residents of Russian (9.5%) and Jewish (5.6%) ethnic origins (in the 2011 National Household Survey, 13.6% of York Centre residents had entered a Jewish ethnic origin). The riding has a large Jewish population, currently the fourth-largest in Canada at 14 percent behind Thornhill, Mount Royal and Eglinton—Lawrence. [3]

According to the 2021 Canadian census [4]

Ethnic groups: 46.9% White, 19.3% Filipino, 8.0% Black, 5.4% Latin American, 4.1% South Asian, 3.7% Southeast Asian, 3.3% Chinese, 2.5% West Asian, 1.6% Korean
Languages: 42.0% English, 9.5% Tagalog, 6.3% Russian, 5.2% Italian, 5.1% Spanish, 2.1% Vietnamese, 1.6% Portuguese, 1.5% Ilocano, 1.4% Korean, 1.3% Mandarin, 1.1% Cantonese, 1.1% Turkish, 1.1% Persian
Religions: 57.3% Christian (36.0% Catholic, 4.4% Christian Orthodox, 1.7% Pentecostal, 15.2% other), 14.3% Jewish, 5.0% Muslim, 2.5% Buddhist, 2.1% Hindu, 18.3% none
Median income: $36,400 (2020)
Average income: $50,440 (2020)

Geography

York Centre consists of the part of the City of Toronto bounded on the north by the northern city limit, and on the east, south and west by a line drawn from the city limit south along Bathurst Street, southeast along the Don River West Branch, southwest and west along Highway 401, north along Jane Street, east along Sheppard Avenue West, northwest along Black Creek, east along Grandravine Drive, and north along Keele Street to the city limit.

It contains the neighbourhoods of Westminster–Branson, Bathurst Manor, Wilson Heights, Downsview, and York University Heights (a small section south of Grandravine Drive, east of Black Creek).

At the approximate centre of the district is Downsview Park, an urban park controlled by the federal government, on former grounds of Canadian Forces Base Toronto.

History

Geographical evolution

York Centre was originally created in 1903 from parts of York East and York West ridings. It was created when the county of York (excluding the city of Toronto) was divided into three ridings: York Centre, York North and York South. The centre riding consisted of the townships of Etobicoke, Markham, Scarborough and Vaughan, and the villages of Markham, Richmond Hill, Weston and Woodbridge. The electoral district was abolished in 1914 when it was redistributed between York East, York South and York West. In 1952, York Centre was re-established with parts of the York North riding.

The new riding consisted initially of the part of the township of North York west of Yonge Street, the part of the township of Vaughan south of Highway Number 7, and the town of Woodbridge.

In 1966, it was redefined to consist of the part of Metropolitan Toronto bounded on the north by the northern limit, and on the west, south and east by a line drawn from that borough limit south along Highway 400, east along Sheppard Avenue West, south along Jane Street, southeast along Exbury Road, east along Calvington Drive, south along Keele Street, east along Highway 401, south along the Canadian National Railway line, east along Lawrence Avenue West, north along the Spadina Expressway, northeast along Highway 401, north along Bathurst Street, east along Sheppard Avenue West, south along Easton Street, east along Cameron Avenue, and north along Yonge Street to the Metro Toronto limit. It is unclear why the name York Centre was retained as the district was now predominantly in the Borough of North York rather than in the Region of York.

In 1976, it was redefined to consist of the part of the Borough of North York bounded on the north by the borough limit, and on the west, south and east by a line drawn from the borough limit south along Highway 400, east along Sheppard Avenue West, south along Keele Street, east along Highway 401, north along Bathurst Street, and northwest along the West Branch of the Don River to the borough limit, hence giving the parts of the original riding that is south of Highway 401 to the newly-created riding of Eglinton—Lawrence.

In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of North York bounded on the north by the city limit, and on the east, south and west by a line drawn from the city limit southeast along the Don River West Branch, west along Highway 401, north along Jane Street, east along Grandravine Drive, and north along Black Creek to the northern city limit.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the part of the City of North York bounded on the north by the city limit, and on the east, south and west by a line drawn from the city limit south along Dufferin Street, west along Sheppard Avenue West, north along Keele Street, west along Grandravine Drive, south along Jane Street, east along Highway 401, northwest along the Don River West Branch, north along Bathurst Street, east along Drewry Avenue, north along Chelmsford Avenue, west along Greenwin Village Road, and north along Village Gate to the city limit.

In 2003, it was given its current boundaries as described above.

This riding lost territory to Willowdale during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

The riding did not undergo any boundary changes following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution.

Former boundaries

Political History

First incarnation, 1904-17

Liberal Archibald Campbell, incumbent MP for York West when the electoral district of York Centre was created, won the first York Centre contest by a margin of 76 votes (out of over 4000), foreshadowing its future as a swing riding. A veteran of competitive contests, Campbell was first elected in 1887 as MP for Kent in southwestern Ontario by a margin just over 100, an election that was overturned, and was elected in the subsequent byelection with an even smaller margin. He moved to Toronto and sought re-election in York West in 1900, unsuccessfully challenging the six-term MP and former Controller of Customs Nathaniel Clarke Wallace. Campbell was elected MP for York West following Wallace's death, defeating Wallace's son Thomas George Wallace in a byelection, and continued to served as MP for York Centre after redistricting until he was summoned to the Senate in 1907.

Peter Douglas McLean held the seat briefly, fending off the younger Wallace's second attempt at recapturing his father's seat by an even smaller margin of 26 voters in a byelection. The younger Wallace was finally successful on his third try, defeating McLean with a 45 vote margin (out of over 5000), and continue to serve when the district was reconstitute as York West. Like his father, Thomas Wallace died while in office, in 1921 at age 41.

Recreation as suburban district

In the first election of the reconstituted York Centre in 1953, Liberal candidate Al Hollingworth defeated Roy Thomson, the founder of Canada's wealthiest family and the future 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, who stood as a Progressive Conservative in his only bid for electoral office. Hollingworth was defeated after one term by Progressive Conservative candidate Fred C. Stinson, the then 34-year old chair of North York's board of education. Stinson was in turn defeated after two terms by James Edgar Walker, who went on to serve five terms, during which he served as Chief Government Whip and Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister.

Launch pad for star candidates

Four of the five Liberals who represented York Centre in the last half century since Walker - Bob Kaplan, Art Eggleton, Ken Dryden, Ya'ara Saks - served in the cabinet (respectively in the Ministries of Trudeau Sr & Turner, Chretien, Martin, Trudeau Jr). Three of them - Eggleton, Dryden and Saks - were named candidates by the leader without facing competitive nomination contests, while Kaplan secured his return to parliament here after having been defeated in Don Valley.

A flank in the Liberal North York bastion

From the 1970s to 1990s, York Centre along with neighbouring York West (now Humber River—Black Creek), York South—Weston and Eglinton—Lawrence were considered among the safest Liberal Party seats in Canada. These electoral districts, located in the western half of the former borough of North York, withheld the Progressive Conservative 1984 landslide and 1988 re-election under Brian Mulroney thanks in no small part to their sizable and fast-growing Jewish Canadian and Italian Canadian communities. York Centre in particular had the highest percentage of Jewish population among Toronto ridings. For much of the second half of the 20th century, these two communities were reliable support base for the Liberals, routinely delivering solid margin for the Liberals both federally and provincially.

The creation of the York Centre provincial electoral district (with identical boundary) in 1999 combined the districts of two Liberal incumbents, the Jewish former minister Monte Kwinter and the Italian former leadership candidate Annamarie Castrilli, triggering one of Ontario Liberal Party's most heavily contested and acrimonious contest nomination for the newly created safe liberal seat.

However, the political leaning of the Jewish Canadian shifted rapidly away from the Liberals and toward the Conservatives in the early 21st century, making York Centre a prime target for Conservative gains. When the Liberal Party suffered its worst defeat in history in 2011, York Centre was among the 16 Toronto seats (out of 22) it lost, despite incumbent MP Ken Dryden, the hockey legend and a former cabinet minister, campaigning exclusively in the riding (he was one of the biggest draw stumping for other candidates in the two previous elections) and hosting the Liberals' final campaign rally, featuring former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, in the riding.

The Liberals again swept Toronto in the 2015 election and regained York Centre with Michael Levitt. However, Levitt's victory margin of less than 3% was among the tightest for the Liberals in the city. Saks succeed Levitt in 2020 through a by-election [5] [6]

A breach in the Liberal Toronto fortress

In the 2025 election that returned the Liberal to power with a minority mandate, Conservative Roman Baber, who represented the district as a Progressive Conservative MPP from 2018 to 2022, secured the only Conservative victory within Toronto city boundary. Baber's election in York Centre is politically significant in the following ways:

  • Baber is the first candidate not carrying a Liberal banner elected in Toronto during a general election since the 2011 election (when the Liberal Party suffered its worst defeat in its history, losing most of its Toronto seats including 8 to the Conservatives).
  • With the exception of the 8 Conservatives elected in 2011, Baber is the first Conservative MP elected during a general election since the 1988 election.
  • In 9 of the past 10 general elections (since 1993 with the exception of 2011), Toronto delivered close to clean sweeps of its approximately 20 seats to the Liberal Party. Baber followed independent MP John Nunziata (who won re-election in 1997 after being expelled from Liberal caucus), former NDP leader Jack Layton (first elected 2004), his spouse and current mayor Olivia Chow & and former NDP leadership contender Peggy Nash (both first elected 2006) as the fifth Toronto MP to have successful breached such Liberal sweeps.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

ParliamentYearsMemberParty
York Centre
Riding created from York East and York West
10th  1904–1907   Archibald Campbell Liberal
 1907–1908 Peter Douglas McLean
11th  1908–1911   Thomas George Wallace Conservative
12th  1911–1917
Riding dissolved into York East, York South, and York West
Riding re-created from York North
22nd  1953–1957   Al Hollingworth Liberal
23rd  1957–1958   Fred C. Stinson Progressive Conservative
24th  1958–1962
25th  1962–1963   James Edgar Walker Liberal
26th  1963–1965
27th  1965–1968
28th  1968–1972
29th  1972–1974
30th  1974–1979 Bob Kaplan
31st  1979–1980
32nd  1980–1984
33rd  1984–1988
34th  1988–1993
35th  1993–1997 Art Eggleton
36th  1997–2000
37th  2000–2004
38th  2004–2006 Ken Dryden
39th  2006–2008
40th  2008–2011
41st  2011–2015   Mark Adler Conservative
42nd  2015–2019   Michael Levitt Liberal
43rd  2019–2020
 2020–2021 Ya'ara Saks
44th  2021–2025
45th  2025–present   Roman Baber Conservative

Election results

Graph of election results in York Centre (1953–, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

2020–present

2025 Canadian federal election
** Preliminary results — Not yet official **
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Roman Baber 26,08254.82+16.97
Liberal Ya'ara Saks 20,30342.68–4.61
New Democratic Yusuf Ulukanligil1,1892.50–7.68
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total rejected ballots
Turnout47,57463.63
Eligible voters74,764
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +10.79
Source: Elections Canada [7] [8]
2021 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ya'ara Saks 17,43047.3+1.6$106,060.49
Conservative Joel Yakov Etienne13,94937.8-4.0$98,838.17
New Democratic Kemal Ahmed3,75310.2+4.4$5,586.43
People's Nixon Nguyen1,7264.7+1.1$1,816.68
Total valid votes/expense limit36,85898.6$106,565.66
Total rejected ballots5071.4
Turnout37,36553.4
Eligible voters69,971
Liberal hold Swing +2.8
Source: Elections Canada [9]
Canadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020
Resignation of Michael Levitt
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ya'ara Saks 8,25345.70−4.50$96,612.31
Conservative Julius Tiangson7,55241.82+5.11
New Democratic Andrea Vásquez Jiménez1,0465.79−4.05$2,462.86
People's Maxime Bernier 6423.56$27,917.42
Green Sasha Zavarella4612.55−0.70$463.46
Independent John "The Engineer" Turmel 1040.58
Total valid votes/expense limit18,058100.00$105,734.74
Total rejected ballots1660.91−0.61
Turnout18,22425.64−36.12
Eligible voters70,434
Liberal hold Swing −4.81
Source:Elections Canada [10] [11]

1953–2019

2019 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Michael Levitt 21,68050.20+3.32$93,151.84
Conservative Rachel Willson15,85236.71−7.29$89,344.00
New Democratic Andrea Vásquez Jiménez4,2519.84+2.51none listed
Green Rebecca Wood1,4033.25+1.45$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit43,18698.48
Total rejected ballots6651.52+0.78
Turnout43,85161.76-3.96
Eligible voters71,000
Liberal hold Swing +5.31
Source: Elections Canada [12] [13]
2015 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Michael Levitt 20,13146.88+13.64$108,171.17
Conservative Mark Adler 18,89343.994.54$139,711.85
New Democratic Hal Berman3,1487.338.56$9,236.24
Green Constantine Kritsonis 7721.800.54$2,969.38
Total valid votes/expense limit42,94499.26 $198,977.91
Total rejected ballots3190.74
Turnout43,26365.72
Eligible voters65,832
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +9.09
Source: Elections Canada [14] [15] [16] [17]
2011 federal election redistributed results [18]
PartyVote%
  Conservative 17,24948.53
  Liberal 11,81433.24
  New Democratic 5,64915.89
  Green 8312.34
2011 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Mark Adler 20,35648.5+10.5$79,794.56
Liberal Ken Dryden 13,97933.310.2$73,675.98
New Democratic Nick Brownlee6,65615.9+3.8$409.63
Green Rosemary Frei9792.34.1$342.41
Total valid votes/expense limit41,970100.0$83,892.08
Total rejected ballots3500.1
Turnout42,32060.3+7.6
Eligible voters70,216
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +10.35
2008 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ken Dryden 16,16443.59.2$70,386
Conservative Rochelle Wilner14,13238.0+7.9$78,946
New Democratic Kurtis Baily4,50312.11.7
Green Rosemary Frei2,3906.4+3.8$3,440
Total valid votes/expense limit37,189100.0$81,864
Total rejected ballots
Turnout52.7
2006 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ken Dryden 22,43952.72.1$74,395.87
Conservative Michael Mostyn12,75830.0+3.7$69,571.51
New Democratic Marco Iacampo5,83413.70$13,721.44
Green Constantine Kritsonis 1,5583.7+0.5$1,644.87
Total valid votes42,589
2004 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Ken Dryden 21,52054.816.3$64,620
Conservative Michael Mostyn10,31826.3+5.8$72,837
New Democratic Peter Flaherty5,37613.7+7.7$10,017
Green Constantine Kritsonis 1,2403.2+1.7
Independent Max Royz8242.1$23,589
Total valid votes39,278
2000 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal Art Eggleton 24,79371.11.0$56,516
Alliance Jeffrey Dorfman4,63013.3$19,703
Progressive Conservative Mark Tweyman2,5187.21.4$1,280
New Democratic Maurice Coulter2,1046.03.4$8,831
Green Constantine Kritsonis 5321.5+0.5$2,401
Communist Christopher Black1630.5$202
Marxist–Leninist Diane Johnston1420.40$8
Total valid votes34,882
1997 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Art Eggleton 27,86472.1+2.4
New Democratic Mark Berardo3,6189.4+5.4
Progressive Conservative Anthony Figliano3,3238.6+1.7
Reform Anthony Chol2,8767.4+1.9
Green Constantine Kritsonis 3891.0+0.4
Natural Law Mike Dubinsky2420.60
Canadian Action Jozef Izsak1860.5
Marxist–Leninist Diane Johnston1680.4+0.2
Total valid votes38,666
1993 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Art Eggleton 27,15069.7+9.2
Independent Peter Li Preti 3,91810.1
Progressive Conservative George Tsiolis2,6886.915.5
Reform John Beck2,1415.5
New Democratic Israel Ellis1,5574.011.4
National Kurt Loeb7341.9
Natural Law Linda Dubé2530.6
Green Alan Jones2160.6
Libertarian Douglas Quinn1740.41.3
Marxist–Leninist Diane Johnston830.2
Abolitionist Randy Armour600.2
Total valid votes38,974
1988 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Bob Kaplan 24,96260.5+9.3
Progressive Conservative Rocco Sebastiano9,24822.45.0
New Democratic Cathy Mele6,35015.44.4
Libertarian David Kenny6831.7+1.1
Total valid votes41,243
1984 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Bob Kaplan 20,81051.2-9.8
Progressive Conservative Mike Cohen11,13827.4+9.6
New Democratic Van Newell8,03719.80.5
Libertarian Simon Srdarev2440.60.1
Independent Sol Roter2260.6
Independent Bonnie J. Geddes2030.5
Total valid votes40,658
1980 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Bob Kaplan 23,11661.0+9.7
New Democratic Cris Liscio7,69620.35.4
Progressive Conservative Anne Silverman6,73617.84.0
Libertarian Sheldon Gold2840.7+0.1
Marxist–Leninist Jeffery Forest860.20
Total valid votes37,918
1979 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Bob Kaplan 20,85951.3+0.6
New Democratic Vince Del Buono10,46425.7+2.2
Progressive Conservative Bill Schiavono8,85621.83.1
Libertarian Shannon Vale2290.6
Independent Victor Heyn970.2
Marxist–Leninist Jeffery Forest810.20
Communist Gerrit van Houten630.20
Total valid votes40,649
1974 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Bob Kaplan 32,40250.7+8.8
Progressive Conservative Barry Swadron15,87724.94.9
New Democratic Michael Copeland14,99223.54.3
Independent John J. de Niet1910.3
Social Credit Roger Drouin1690.3
Marxist–Leninist Rick Hundal1290.2
Communist Tom Morris1230.2
Total valid votes63,883
1972 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal James E. Walker 26,91241.914.7
Progressive Conservative Barry Swadron19,09729.8+17.5
New Democratic Michael Copeland17,83727.8-3.3
Independent Harold Sparks1890.3
Independent George Paxton1530.2
Total valid votes64,188
1968 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal James E. Walker 26,75856.6+10.2
New Democratic Douglas Fisher 14,71431.15.0
Progressive Conservative Donald Stirling5,80412.34.8
Total valid votes47,276
1965 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal James E. Walker 41,55346.43.7
New Democratic Val Scott32,35236.1+1.7
Progressive Conservative Fred C. Stinson 15,30117.1+1.6
Independent Malcolm Cairnduff3020.3
Total valid votes89,508
1963 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal James E. Walker 41,48550.1+12.0
New Democratic Val Scott28,50534.4+0.1
Progressive Conservative Bill Durovic12,80715.511.2
Total valid votes82,797
1962 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal James E. Walker 30,43238.1+5.1
New Democratic Val Scott27,36934.3+20.6
Progressive Conservative Fred C. Stinson 21,34326.726.6
Social Credit David H. Horwood7460.9
Total valid votes79,890
1958 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Fred C. Stinson 30,76453.3+5.9
Liberal Al Hollingworth 19,06533.01.4
Co-operative Commonwealth Larry Sheffe7,88813.72.9
Total valid votes57,717
1957 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Fred C. Stinson 23,29547.4+11.9
Liberal Al Hollingworth 16,92534.49.7
Co-operative Commonwealth Roy Begley8,16416.62.3
Social Credit Rod Gorrill7771.6
Total valid votes49,161
1953 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Al Hollingworth 13,90344.1
Progressive Conservative Roy Thomson 11,18035.5
Co-operative Commonwealth William Newcombe5,96018.9
Labor–Progressive David Kashtan4831.5
Total valid votes31,526

1904-1917

Graph of election results in York Centre (1903–1914, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)
1911 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Thomas George Wallace 2,83854.9+4.5
Liberal Herbert Hartly Dewart 2,32845.1-4.5
Total valid votes5,166100.0
1908 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Thomas George Wallace 2,61450.4+0.7
Liberal Peter Douglas McLean 2,56949.6-0.7
Total valid votes5,183100.0
Canadian federal by-election, 23 December 1907
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
On Mr. Campbell being called to the Senate, 22 November 1907
Liberal Peter Douglas McLean 2,28250.3-0.6
Conservative T.G. Wallace2,25649.7+0.6
Total valid votes4,538100.0
1904 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Liberal Archibald Campbell 2,22250.9
Conservative W.H. Pugsley2,14649.1
Total valid votes4,368100.0

See also

Notes

References

  1. "Census Profile, 2021 Census". Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  2. Statistics Canada: 2011
  3. "Statistics Canada: Estimation of the Jewish Population". Elections Canada. 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  4. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - York Centre [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)], Ontario". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  5. "Byelections called for Toronto Centre, York Centre on Oct. 26". CBC News . September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  6. "Federal Liberals hold onto Toronto Centre, York Centre in byelections | CBC News". CBC. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  7. "Voter information service". Elections Canada. Retrieved April 18, 2025.
  8. "Election Night Results - Electoral Districts". Elections Canada. April 29, 2025. Retrieved April 29, 2025.
  9. "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada . Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  10. Elections Canada. "Official Voting Results" . Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  11. Elections Canada. "Final Election Expenses Limit for Candidates – York Centre (Ontario)". www.elections.ca. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  12. "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  13. "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  14. Canada, Elections. "Voter Information Service - Find your electoral district". www.elections.ca.
  15. "Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates". Archived from the original on August 15, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  16. Canada, Elections. "Résultats du soir d'élection - Circonscriptions". enr.elections.ca.
  17. "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  18. Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
North: Thornhill
West: York West York CentreEast: Willowdale
South: Eglinton—Lawrence, York South—Weston

43°45′46″N79°26′44″W / 43.7627°N 79.4456°W / 43.7627; -79.4456