Regional Municipality of York

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York Region
Regional Municipality of York
Historic Aurora, Ontario (4287106829).jpg
Sibbald Point Provincial Park - a view to Lake Simcoe (2).jpg
Behemoth's first drop.jpg
Vaughan Metro Centre skyline 2019.jpg
MarkhamCivicCenter27.jpg
16th Sideroad - panoramio.jpg
Clockwise from top left: Historic Aurora Cultural Centre, Sibbald Point Provincial Park, Vaughan Metro Centre, rural Nobleton, Markham Civic Centre, Canada's Wonderland
Arms of the Regional Municipality of York.svg
Yorkregionseal.PNG
Motto: 
Ontario's Rising Star
Map of Ontario YORK.svg
Map showing York Region's location in Ontario
Coordinates: 44°3′5″N79°28′49″W / 44.05139°N 79.48028°W / 44.05139; -79.48028
Country Canada
Province Ontario
Established1792 (as York County)
Incorporated1971 (as a Regional municipality)
Seat Newmarket
Government
  ChairWayne Emmerson [1]
  Governing Body York Regional Council
Area
[2]
  Total1,758.27 km2 (678.87 sq mi)
Population
 (2021) [2]
  Total1,173,334
  Density667.3/km2 (1,728/sq mi)
Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
  Summer (DST) UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
Website www.york.ca

The Regional Municipality of York, also called York Region, is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, between Lake Simcoe and Toronto. The region was established after the passing of then Bill 102, An Act to Establish The Regional Municipality of York, in 1970. It replaced the former York County in 1971, and is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The regional government is headquartered in Newmarket.

Contents

As of the 2021 census, York Region's population was 1,173,334, with a growth rate of 5.7% from 2016. [2] The Government of Ontario expects its population to surpass 1.5 million residents by 2031. [3] The three largest cities in York Region are Markham, Vaughan and Richmond Hill. [4]

History

At a meeting in Richmond Hill on May 6, 1970, officials representing the municipalities of York County approved plans for the creation of a regional government entity to replace York County. [5] The plan had been presented in 1969 by Darcy McKeough, the Ontario Minister of Municipal Affairs, taking about a year to determine municipal boundaries within the new regional government. [5]

The Regional Municipality of York was created by Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1970 (Bill 102 An Act to Establish The Regional Municipality of York), which took effect on January 1, 1971. [6] The creation of the regional municipality resulted in the consolidation of the fourteen former municipalities of York County into nine new municipalities: [7]

Creation of area municipalities in the Regional Municipality of York (1971) [8]
Area municipalityCreated from Police villages dissolved
Town of Aurora Town of Aurora, annexing portions of the Townships of King and Whitchurch
Town of East Gwillimbury Portion of the Township of East Gwillimbury
Town of Georgina Townships of Georgina and North Gwillimbury, and the Village of Sutton
Township of King Portion of the Township of King
City of Markham Town of Markham, annexing portion of the Township of Markham
Town of Newmarket Town of Newmarket, annexing portions of the Townships of East Gwillimbury, King and Whitchurch
City of Richmond Hill City of Richmond Hill, annexing portions of the Townships of King, Markham, Vaughan and Whitchurch
City of Vaughan Village of Woodbridge, annexing portions of the Townships of King and Vaughan
Town of Whitchurch–Stouffville Village of Stouffville, annexing portions of the Townships of Markham (four lots south of Main Street) and Whitchurch

The township of Whitchurch merged with the town of Stouffville to create the town of Whitchurch–Stouffville, ceding land to Aurora, Newmarket, and Richmond Hill to the west of the proposed Highway 404 and annexing a northern strip of land from the township of Markham. [9] The western boundary of the new town of Markham was defined to be at Yonge Street, where its northern boundary was formed with Richmond Hill (to which it ceded land [5] ) and its western boundary with the new town Vaughan. [9] The new town of Vaughan would consist of all communities in the area bounded by Markham and Richmond Hill in the east, Metro Toronto in the south, the periphery of the regional municipality in the west, and the new township of King in the north. [9]

The townships of Georgina, North Gwillimbury, and Sutton were merged into the township of Georgina, and the East Gwillimbury neighbourhood of East Gwillimbury Heights was merged into Newmarket. [9] King formed the northwestern part of the new region, but the eastern lot from Bathurst Street to Yonge Street was ceded to Newmarket, Aurora, and Oak Ridges, the latter annexed to Richmond Hill. [9] The boundary between Aurora and Newmarket was defined to be St. John's Sideroad, and Newmarket's northern boundary was defined to be Green Lane. [9]

The towns of Aurora, Newmarket, and Richmond Hill were defined to be the growth centres for the regional municipality, which was to become a greenbelt between the denser urban areas of Toronto to the south and Barrie to the north. [7] The growth centres were each restricted to grow to a maximum population of 25,000 by 2000, [7] and the regional municipality to 300,000. [9]

The municipal realignment merged 40% of East Gwillimbury's population into Newmarket. [10] The council of East Gwillimbury voted to amalgamate with Newmarket, but Newmarket council opposed the amalgamation. [10] In the plan presented by McKeough, the councils of the towns of Newmarket and Aurora were given ten years to decide whether or not to amalgamate. [7]

The internal municipal realignments resulted in some politicians residing in a new municipality from that which they represented at the time of realignment. [5] The reeve of Whitchurch Township resided in the western portion of the town that was annexed by Aurora, three East Gwillimbury councillors resided in land annexed by Newmarket, including its future mayor Ray Twinney, and King councillor Gordon Rowe was a resident of Oak Ridges, which became part of Richmond Hill. [5]

Hydro Commissions

Because of the mix of urban and rural areas in the Region, the provision of electricity was governed in a different manner from the rest of the regional services: [11]

  • the hydro-electric commissions and public utilities commissions that existed at the end of 1970 continued to provide electricity within their respective areas;
  • the councillors of the former Township of Vaughan and the trustees of the former Police Village of King City became members of new Hydro-Electric Commissions for their respective areas;
  • Ontario Hydro continued to have responsibility for providing electricity to those portions of the Region that were not served by any of the above commissions.

Electric distribution was partially rationalized in 1978, [12] when:

  • hydro-electric commissions were established for all area municipalities except East Gwillimbury [13] (but it could establish a commission later on, subject to Ontario Hydro's consent); [14]
  • effective January 1, 1979, all assets of the former commissions in the Region were transferred to the new commissions; [15]
  • Ontario Hydro withdrew its provision of services from all areas except those in East Gwillimbury, Georgina, King and Whitchurch-Stouffville; [15]
  • Georgina, King and Whitchurch-Stouffville could take over responsibility for such areas at a later date, subject to Ontario Hydro's consent [15]

Police

The York Regional Police was also created at this time, amalgamating the fourteen town, township, and village police services. [5]

Geography

York Region covers 1,762 square kilometres from Lake Simcoe in the north to the city of Toronto in the south. Its eastern border is shared with Durham Region, to the west is Peel Region, and Simcoe County is to the northwest. A detailed map of the region [16] showing its major roads, communities and points of interest is available.

Map showing the Regional Forests in purple. York Regional Forest lands.png
Map showing the Regional Forests in purple.

Towns and cities in York Region include:

There is also one First Nation with an Indian reserve, where the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation reside on Georgina Island, Fox Island and Snake Island.

York Region's landscape includes farmlands, wetlands and kettle lakes, the Oak Ridges Moraine and over 2,070 hectares of regional forest, in addition to the built-up areas of its municipalities. The highest point in the region is within the rolling hills of the moraine near Dufferin St. & Aurora Side Road at 360m ASL (1,243 feet) [17]

Climate

York Region is situated in the humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) zone with warm summers and cold winters, ample snowfall, more in the northern part of York region much of it derived from the wind driven snowbelt streamer activity.

Climate data for Markham (Buttonville at Toronto Buttonville Airport)
WMO ID: 71639; coordinates 43°51′44″N79°22′12″W / 43.86222°N 79.37000°W / 43.86222; -79.37000 (Toronto Buttonville Airport) ; elevation: 198.1 m (650 ft); 1981–2010 normals
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high humidex 16.014.429.235.741.044.650.947.443.637.824.920.650.9
Record high °C (°F)14.9
(58.8)
14.9
(58.8)
26.0
(78.8)
31.7
(89.1)
34.6
(94.3)
36.6
(97.9)
37.2
(99.0)
37.8
(100.0)
34.4
(93.9)
31.0
(87.8)
22.1
(71.8)
18.0
(64.4)
37.8
(100.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−1.5
(29.3)
−0.9
(30.4)
4.5
(40.1)
12.1
(53.8)
19.1
(66.4)
24.6
(76.3)
27.1
(80.8)
26.0
(78.8)
21.5
(70.7)
14.1
(57.4)
7.2
(45.0)
0.9
(33.6)
12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)−5.8
(21.6)
−5.6
(21.9)
−0.4
(31.3)
6.7
(44.1)
13.0
(55.4)
18.6
(65.5)
21.2
(70.2)
20.2
(68.4)
15.7
(60.3)
8.9
(48.0)
3.1
(37.6)
−2.9
(26.8)
7.7
(45.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−10.1
(13.8)
−10.2
(13.6)
−5.3
(22.5)
1.2
(34.2)
6.8
(44.2)
12.6
(54.7)
15.2
(59.4)
14.3
(57.7)
9.9
(49.8)
3.6
(38.5)
−1.1
(30.0)
−6.8
(19.8)
2.5
(36.5)
Record low °C (°F)−35.2
(−31.4)
−25.7
(−14.3)
−25.6
(−14.1)
−10.1
(13.8)
−2.1
(28.2)
1.9
(35.4)
6.9
(44.4)
4.2
(39.6)
−2.0
(28.4)
−7.4
(18.7)
−15.0
(5.0)
−26.0
(−14.8)
−35.2
(−31.4)
Record low wind chill −42.6−37.4−35.6−18.6−4.40.00.00.0−4.2−8.8−23.9−36.6−42.6
Average precipitation mm (inches)62.1
(2.44)
50.5
(1.99)
53.2
(2.09)
74.1
(2.92)
79.6
(3.13)
82.8
(3.26)
79.0
(3.11)
76.2
(3.00)
81.8
(3.22)
68.0
(2.68)
80.0
(3.15)
65.7
(2.59)
852.9
(33.58)
Average rainfall mm (inches)26.0
(1.02)
22.9
(0.90)
33.6
(1.32)
66.7
(2.63)
79.5
(3.13)
82.8
(3.26)
78.8
(3.10)
76.2
(3.00)
81.8
(3.22)
66.7
(2.63)
68.3
(2.69)
34.2
(1.35)
717.4
(28.24)
Average snowfall cm (inches)38.9
(15.3)
29.9
(11.8)
19.3
(7.6)
7.5
(3.0)
0.1
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.6
(0.2)
12.1
(4.8)
34.2
(13.5)
142.6
(56.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)16.712.912.012.312.011.811.29.910.813.214.515.3152.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)5.83.86.710.812.011.811.29.910.813.011.36.6113.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)13.410.87.02.90.130.00.00.00.00.484.710.850.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 1500 LST)69.664.057.852.952.353.953.455.959.262.468.971.160.1
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [18]
Climate data for Richmond Hill
Climate ID: 6157012; coordinates 43°52′38″N79°26′52″W / 43.87722°N 79.44778°W / 43.87722; -79.44778 (Richmond Hill) ; elevation: 240 m (790 ft); 1981–2010 normals
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)14.5
(58.1)
14.5
(58.1)
25.5
(77.9)
31.0
(87.8)
34.5
(94.1)
35.0
(95.0)
37.0
(98.6)
37.0
(98.6)
34.4
(93.9)
29.4
(84.9)
23.3
(73.9)
20.0
(68.0)
37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−2.2
(28.0)
−0.6
(30.9)
4.4
(39.9)
12.1
(53.8)
19.0
(66.2)
24.2
(75.6)
26.8
(80.2)
25.6
(78.1)
20.9
(69.6)
13.7
(56.7)
6.7
(44.1)
0.8
(33.4)
12.6
(54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)−6.2
(20.8)
−4.9
(23.2)
−0.3
(31.5)
6.9
(44.4)
13.3
(55.9)
18.7
(65.7)
21.4
(70.5)
20.3
(68.5)
15.9
(60.6)
9.1
(48.4)
3.1
(37.6)
−2.7
(27.1)
7.9
(46.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−10.2
(13.6)
−9.1
(15.6)
−5
(23)
1.7
(35.1)
7.7
(45.9)
13.1
(55.6)
15.9
(60.6)
15.1
(59.2)
10.8
(51.4)
4.5
(40.1)
−0.5
(31.1)
−6.1
(21.0)
3.2
(37.8)
Record low °C (°F)−32.5
(−26.5)
−29
(−20)
−27
(−17)
−15
(5)
−5.6
(21.9)
0.6
(33.1)
4.4
(39.9)
3.0
(37.4)
−3.3
(26.1)
−7.8
(18.0)
−15.5
(4.1)
−30
(−22)
−32.5
(−26.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)62.3
(2.45)
58.0
(2.28)
58.8
(2.31)
70.1
(2.76)
81.6
(3.21)
80.2
(3.16)
83.5
(3.29)
89.2
(3.51)
88.4
(3.48)
69.1
(2.72)
87.2
(3.43)
66.8
(2.63)
895.2
(35.24)
Average rainfall mm (inches)25.2
(0.99)
26.3
(1.04)
33.6
(1.32)
62.5
(2.46)
81.5
(3.21)
80.2
(3.16)
83.5
(3.29)
89.2
(3.51)
88.4
(3.48)
67.6
(2.66)
73.5
(2.89)
33.1
(1.30)
744.6
(29.31)
Average snowfall cm (inches)37.1
(14.6)
31.7
(12.5)
25.2
(9.9)
7.6
(3.0)
0.1
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
1.5
(0.6)
13.7
(5.4)
33.7
(13.3)
150.6
(59.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)18.313.914.413.613.611.911.311.212.413.415.216.2165.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)4.94.37.411.713.611.911.311.212.413.311.47.0120.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)15.311.39.03.20.120.00.00.00.00.625.311.656.5
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [19]
Climate data for Stouffville
Climate ID: 6158084; coordinates 43°58′N79°15′W / 43.967°N 79.250°W / 43.967; -79.250 (Stouffville) ; elevation: 266.7 m (875 ft), 1981–2010 normals
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)11.0
(51.8)
13.5
(56.3)
23.0
(73.4)
30.5
(86.9)
32.0
(89.6)
34.0
(93.2)
35.5
(95.9)
36.5
(97.7)
32.8
(91.0)
25.5
(77.9)
22.8
(73.0)
18.0
(64.4)
36.5
(97.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−3.2
(26.2)
−2.4
(27.7)
3.1
(37.6)
11.1
(52.0)
18.5
(65.3)
23.1
(73.6)
26.2
(79.2)
24.7
(76.5)
19.9
(67.8)
12.8
(55.0)
6.0
(42.8)
−0.6
(30.9)
11.6
(52.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−11.6
(11.1)
−10.9
(12.4)
−5.7
(21.7)
1.2
(34.2)
7.4
(45.3)
11.8
(53.2)
14.8
(58.6)
14
(57)
9.6
(49.3)
3.5
(38.3)
−1.0
(30.2)
−7.7
(18.1)
2.1
(35.8)
Record low °C (°F)−35.5
(−31.9)
−28.3
(−18.9)
−28.0
(−18.4)
−17.0
(1.4)
−3.3
(26.1)
0.0
(32.0)
7.0
(44.6)
2.5
(36.5)
−2.0
(28.4)
−7.2
(19.0)
−15.0
(5.0)
−31.5
(−24.7)
−35.5
(−31.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)52.8
(2.08)
53.5
(2.11)
62.8
(2.47)
65.5
(2.58)
81.2
(3.20)
73.3
(2.89)
75.8
(2.98)
99.3
(3.91)
79.2
(3.12)
81.2
(3.20)
78.5
(3.09)
65.6
(2.58)
868.6
(34.20)
Average rainfall mm (inches)17.9
(0.70)
23.3
(0.92)
43.5
(1.71)
60.5
(2.38)
81.1
(3.19)
73.3
(2.89)
75.8
(2.98)
99.3
(3.91)
79.2
(3.12)
80.6
(3.17)
70.3
(2.77)
33.0
(1.30)
737.7
(29.04)
Average snowfall cm (inches)34.9
(13.7)
30.2
(11.9)
19.3
(7.6)
5.0
(2.0)
0.1
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.6
(0.2)
8.2
(3.2)
32.7
(12.9)
131.0
(51.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)11.010.310.110.811.010.79.210.810.413.012.612.3131.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)2.93.16.29.811.010.79.210.810.413.010.75.1102.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)8.47.74.71.20.10.00.00.00.00.22.68.333.1
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [20]
Climate data for Woodbridge (Vaughan)
Climate ID: 6159575; coordinates 43°47′N79°36′W / 43.783°N 79.600°W / 43.783; -79.600 (Woodbridge) ; elevation: 164 m (538 ft); 1981–2010 normals
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)17.0
(62.6)
15.5
(59.9)
26.5
(79.7)
31.5
(88.7)
33.0
(91.4)
36.0
(96.8)
39.0
(102.2)
37.2
(99.0)
36.1
(97.0)
30.6
(87.1)
25.0
(77.0)
19.5
(67.1)
39.0
(102.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−2.5
(27.5)
−0.5
(31.1)
4.3
(39.7)
12.0
(53.6)
18.8
(65.8)
24.1
(75.4)
26.9
(80.4)
25.4
(77.7)
20.9
(69.6)
13.9
(57.0)
6.9
(44.4)
0.8
(33.4)
12.6
(54.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)−6.6
(20.1)
−4.8
(23.4)
−0.4
(31.3)
6.6
(43.9)
12.9
(55.2)
18.1
(64.6)
20.8
(69.4)
19.6
(67.3)
15.4
(59.7)
9.0
(48.2)
3.1
(37.6)
−2.8
(27.0)
7.6
(45.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−10.7
(12.7)
−9.2
(15.4)
−5.2
(22.6)
1.2
(34.2)
6.8
(44.2)
12.0
(53.6)
14.7
(58.5)
13.8
(56.8)
9.8
(49.6)
4.0
(39.2)
−0.8
(30.6)
−6.4
(20.5)
2.5
(36.5)
Record low °C (°F)−34.5
(−30.1)
−30.0
(−22.0)
−29.4
(−20.9)
−17.2
(1.0)
−6.7
(19.9)
−1.7
(28.9)
2.8
(37.0)
−0.6
(30.9)
−5.0
(23.0)
−11.7
(10.9)
−18.3
(−0.9)
−30.0
(−22.0)
−34.5
(−30.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)50.3
(1.98)
44.2
(1.74)
49.2
(1.94)
63.3
(2.49)
79.1
(3.11)
76.3
(3.00)
70.4
(2.77)
80.4
(3.17)
84.6
(3.33)
66.5
(2.62)
78.3
(3.08)
57.4
(2.26)
799.8
(31.49)
Average rainfall mm (inches)20.4
(0.80)
23.2
(0.91)
31.4
(1.24)
59.6
(2.35)
79.1
(3.11)
76.3
(3.00)
70.4
(2.77)
80.4
(3.17)
84.6
(3.33)
66.0
(2.60)
71.1
(2.80)
34.6
(1.36)
697.0
(27.44)
Average snowfall cm (inches)29.9
(11.8)
21.1
(8.3)
17.8
(7.0)
3.7
(1.5)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.45
(0.18)
7.2
(2.8)
22.8
(9.0)
102.8
(40.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)13.510.310.711.812.010.89.59.610.612.713.112.8137.4
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)4.24.46.410.712.010.89.59.610.612.611.16.5108.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)10.26.85.11.50.00.00.00.00.00.233.07.534.3
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [21]

Government

York Region Richmond Hill Office at Yonge & Hwy 7 YorkRegionRichmondHillOffice2.jpg
York Region Richmond Hill Office at Yonge & Hwy 7
Map of York Region and the municipalities it includes. YorkRegion.png
Map of York Region and the municipalities it includes.

The region is governed by York Regional Council, which consists of 20 elected representatives from each of the constituent towns and cities in the region. These include each of the nine mayors, and 11 regional councillors who are elected from the constituent municipalities as follows: [22]

The regional councilors are elected at-large for each lower-tier municipality which has them. They are also voting members of their respective city/town council.

The leader of Council is referred to as "Regional Chair and CEO". Wayne Emmerson, a former mayor of Whitchurch-Stouffville, was elected to this office in December 2014. [1]

In October 2008, York Regional Municipality was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc. [23]

Federal and provincial representation

Starting with the 2015 federal election, York Region encompasses all or part of the federal electoral districts of Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill, King—Vaughan, Markham—Stouffville, Markham—Thornhill, Markham—Unionville, Newmarket—Aurora, Richmond Hill, Thornhill, Vaughan—Woodbridge, and York—Simcoe.

Provincially, York Region is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by Members of Provincial Parliament. As of 2018, the provincial electoral districts are the same as the federal districts in most of Ontario.

Proposed reformations

In May 2023, Premier Doug Ford announced that he would look to dissolve and restructure existing regional municipalities where deemed prudent. In response, Markham mayor Frank Scarpitti publicly proposed amalgamating York Region into a single-tier municipality, claiming it would save millions of dollars. [24] The idea was met with immediate disapproval from all other York Region mayors, excluding Vaughan Mayor Steven Del Duca, who had not publicly expressed an opinion at the time. Scarpitti was criticized for not consulting with the other mayors about his proposal before publicly announcing it, which the others mayors saw as dramatic. [25] Ford later announced that he had no interest in Scarpitti's proposal to amalgamate, and that any future proposals which were to be seriously considered must be deliberated among all of the other mayors in a region before being made public. [26]

Later, Vaughan mayor Steven Del Duca proposed dissolving York Region and making all of its lower-tier municipalities independent, claiming that Vaughan contributed more tax dollars than it received in regional funding. [27] [28] No other politicians endorsed Del Duca's proposal. The mayors and councilors of York Region have generally agreed with looking into potential reforms to streamline government operations. [29] [28] However, the mayors of the smaller towns, such as Newmarket and Whitchurch-Stouffville, strongly urged for dialogue and diplomacy, stressing that no municipality should be left behind as a result of a restructuring. [28]

As of December 2023, the Ontario government has not made any indication as to whether York Region will be restructured or remain as-is.

Economy

A welcome sign just north of Dufferin and Steeles. Yorkregion.jpg
A welcome sign just north of Dufferin and Steeles.

The economy of York Region is diverse. In general, the economy includes a full range of businesses from industrial to high-tech to rural/agricultural. New developments continually consume space year after year, and tend to be focused along the Yonge Street corridor from Vaughan/Richmond Hill in the south to Newmarket/Aurora in the north. There are ongoing conflicts between conservationists and developers over land use. Most contentious is the conflict use of the Oak Ridges Moraine.

Shopping

Times Square RichmondHillTimesSquare2.JPG
Times Square

Major shopping centres in York Region include:

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional Municipality of York had a population of 1,173,334 living in 391,034 of its 405,863 total private dwellings, a change of

Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1976    
1981    
1986350,602    
1991504,981+44.0%
1996592,445+17.3%
2001729,254+23.1%
2006892,712+22.4%
20111,032,524+15.7%
20161,109,909+7.5%
20211,173,334+5.7%
Population by municipality (1986–2001)
MunicipalityStatusPopulation (1986) [31] Population (1991) [31] Population (1996) [32] Population (2001) [32]
AuroraTown20,90529,45434,85740,167
East GwillimburyTown14,64418,36719,77020,555
GeorginaTown22,48629,74634,77739,263
KingTownship15,95118,12118,22318,533
MarkhamCity114,597153,811173,383208,615
NewmarketTown34,92345,47457,12565,788
Richmond HillCity46,76680,142101,725132,030
VaughanCity65,058111,359132,549182,022
Whitchurch–StouffvilleTown15,13518,35719,83522,008
York (total)Regional Municipality350,602504,981592,445729,254
Population by municipality (2006–2021)
MunicipalityStatusPopulation (2006) [33] Population (2011) [33] Population (2016) [34] Population (2021) [2]
AuroraTown47,62953,20355,44562,057
East GwillimburyTown21,06922,47323,99134,637
GeorginaTown42,34643,51745,41847,642
KingTownship19,48719,89924,51227,333
MarkhamCity261,573301,709328,966338,503
NewmarketTown74,29579,97884,22487,942
Richmond HillCity162,704185,541195,022202,022
VaughanCity238,866288,301306,233323,103
Whitchurch–StouffvilleTown24,39037,62845,83749,864
York (total)Regional Municipality892,7121,032,5241,109,9091,173,334

Language

In the 2021 Canadian census, English is the mother tongue of 45.5% of the residents of York Region. Cantonese is the mother tongue for 9.7% of the population, followed by Mandarin (8.7%), Italian (4.0%), Persian (4.4%) and Russian (3.1%). [35]

Ethnicity

As of 2021, the most common ethnic groups are Chinese (22.6%), Italian (12.5%) and English (7.4%). [35]

Ethnic origin (2021)Population [35] Percentage
Chinese 263,90022.6
Italian 145,69512.5
English 86,4357.4
Canadian 75,9906.5
Irish 66,4655.7
Scottish 65,4305.6
East Indian 57,9905.0
Iranian 43,5453.7
Jewish 38,6703.3
Russian 36,7803.2
German 32,1752.8
Filipino 28,5902.5
French 27,8452.4
Polish 24,4702.1
Ukrainian 21,0951.8
Visible and non-visible minority populations by group
Group 2021 census [35]
Total %
Visible minority641,195
South Asian 127,960
Chinese (East Asian)287,320
Black 32,845
Filipino 27,730
Arab 14,010
Latin American 17,285
Southeast Asian
(except Filipino)
15,390
West Asian 62,310
Korean (East Asian)19,965
Japanese (East Asian)2,390
Multiple visible minorities 23,345
Visible minority, n.i.e.10,640
Not a visible minority524,420
Indigenous
(see breakdown below)
5,875
European [nb 1] 518,545
Total population in
private households
1,165,615
Panethnic groups in the Regional Municipality of York (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group
2021 [36] 2016 [37] 2011 [38] 2006 [39] 2001 [40]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 1] 518,545553,835576,820553,795506,975
East Asian [lower-alpha 2] 309,675264,030197,850151,795108,515
South Asian 127,960116,695107,95580,59547,345
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 3] 76,32054,84040,98028,26013,485
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 4] 43,12039,92040,50027,26015,545
African 32,84527,77525,87020,77016,150
Latin American 17,28513,65011,4508,5604,720
Indigenous 5,8755,9154,5603,5952,560
Other [lower-alpha 5] 33,98524,29518,24012,71510,360
Total responses1,165,6151,100,9501,024,225887,345725,670
Total population1,173,3341,109,9091,032,524892,712729,254
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

According to the 2021 census, the most reported religion among the population was Christianity (45.3%), with Catholicism (25.2%) making up the largest denomination. This was followed by Islam (7.8%), Judaism (5.2%), Hinduism (5.0%), Buddhism (2.6%) and Sikhism (1.0%). 32.5% of the population did not identify with a particular religion. [35]

Health care

There are currently four hospitals within the Municipality of York including:

All four hospitals are part of the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) Hospital Partnerships.

Boomerang Health, in Vaughan, is a centre that provides multidisciplinary rehabilitation and medical services geared specifically for children and adolescents, in collaboration with The Hospital for Sick Children. [41]

Transportation

The arterial road network in York Region is a grid, with most roads running north–south or east–west. This was done under the orders of British surveyor Augustus Jones during the 1790s. York Region assigned approximately 50 roads as York Regional Routes, meaning that the cost of maintaining of these roads is paid for by York Region.

The major highways in the Region are:

Former highways include:

Air transportation

Buttonville Air Traffic Control Tower ButtonvilleAirport6.jpg
Buttonville Air Traffic Control Tower

Most air travel is served by Toronto Pearson International Airport, which is outside of York Region and is Canada's largest airport. Buttonville Municipal Airport is a regional airport in Markham, used for general aviation and business aircraft. Markham Airport is a private aerodrome in Markham. There are also a few unpaved airports serving the region: Hare Field in Holland Landing (East Gwillimbury), Belhaven Airport in Georgina, and Stouffville Aerodrome north of Stouffville.

Public transportation

Richmond Hill Centre Terminal at Yonge & Highway 7 RichmondHillCentre7.jpg
Richmond Hill Centre Terminal at Yonge & Highway 7
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station subway platform Vaughan Metropolitan Centre Station, November 2021.jpg
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station subway platform

York Region is served by:

Until 2001, the towns of York Region operated separate public transit services, which did not connect very well with each other. YRT was created by the Regional Government to combine five of these services:

Since 2001, bus routes have been extensively enhanced in the five communities which had pre-existing services, but YRT's services to East Gwillimbury is limited to two routes, and service to King, Georgina and Whitchurch-Stouffville are even more limited due to the relatively small populations in each of those towns.

Water

Water in southern York is provided by Toronto Water and Peel Region by way of 3 pumping stations and reservoirs (Bayview, Dufferin and Milliken (tank and underground reservoir)) using water from Lake Ontario. [42] Keswick and Sutton obtain water from Lake Simcoe by way of water treatment plants. The remainder of York obtains water from a combination of water from Lake Ontario and underground wells. Some wells are maintained by the Region and the rest privately.

Water is distributed from 14 water pumping stations and stored at 37 elevated tanks and reservoirs:[ citation needed ]

List of water tanks

Treatment Plants

Education

Seneca Polytechnic Markham campus SenecaMarkhamCampus3.JPG
Seneca Polytechnic Markham campus

Four public school boards operate primary and secondary institutions in York Region, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), the York Catholic District School Board (YCDSB), and the York Region District School Board (YRDSB). CSV and YRDSB operate as secular public school boards, the former operating French first language institution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. The other two school boards, MonAvenir and YCDSB, operate as public separate school boards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools.

YRDSB is the largest public school board in the region, operating 175 elementary schools, and 33 secondary schools. YCDSB operates 83 elementary schools, and 15 secondary schools, while MonAvenir operates five elementary schools, and two secondary schools. CSV is the smallest public school board in the York Region, operating three elementary schools, and one secondary school in the region.

Along with public schools, the region also holds a number of religious and private schools including:

In addition to primary and secondary levels of education, the region is also home to post-secondary institutions such as Seneca Polytechnic. The college operates two campuses spread throughout York Region, in King and Markham, as well as additional campuses in Toronto. The region presently does not host a university, but a Markham campus of York University is under construction as of August 2022. [44]

News media

York's news media is also served by the outlets based in Toronto.

Attractions

York Region has an assortment of points of interest, ranging from nature reserves to pioneer-era museums, to a modern amusement park.

Sharon Temple in Sharon Sharon Temple.jpg
Sharon Temple in Sharon
Hillary House National Historic Site, Aurora Hillary House NHS.jpg
Hillary House National Historic Site, Aurora

Vaughan's major attractions include the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, in the community of Kleinburg, that features works by Canadian artists including Inuit and First Nations artists. Canada's Wonderland, which features roller coasters and other rides, concerts and fireworks shows, is also in Vaughan.

Heritage sites and historical museums in the Region include:

Following is a sample of other attractions in the area:

Travel Region

York Region lies within the Central Counties of Ontario, a tourism related association.

Protected areas

Milne Park MilneDamConservationPark2.jpg
Milne Park
Mabel Davis Conservation Area Mabel Davis Conservation Area-Holland River-Newmarket-Ontario (1).jpg
Mabel Davis Conservation Area
Whitchurch Conservation Area Whitchurch Conservation Area- Township of Whitchurch-Stouffville-Ontario (1).jpg
Whitchurch Conservation Area

Sister city

The Region of York signed a "Twinning Agreement" with the city of Omsk, Russia, on August 28, 1997, after it signed a "Friendship Agreement" one year previous.

Adjacent census divisions

See also

Notes

  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  3. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  4. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitchurch-Stouffville</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

Whitchurch-Stouffville is a town in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada, approximately 50 km (31 mi) north of downtown Toronto, and 55 km (34 mi) north-east of Toronto Pearson International Airport. It is 206.22 km2 (79.62 sq mi) in area, and located in the mid-eastern area of the Regional Municipality of York on the ecologically-sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine. Its motto since 1993 is "country close to the city".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Gwillimbury</span> Town in Ontario, Canada

East Gwillimbury is a town on the East Holland River in the upper-tier municipality the Regional Municipality of York. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, in Canada. It was formed by the amalgamation of the Township of East Gwillimbury with all the previously incorporated villages and hamlets within the township. The main centres in East Gwillimbury are the villages of Holland Landing, Queensville, Sharon, and Mount Albert. The Civic Centre are located along Leslie Street in Sharon. The northernmost interchange of Highway 404 is at the North edge of East Gwillimbury, just south of Ravenshoe Road. The hamlets of Holt and Brown Hill are also within town limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rouge River (Ontario)</span> River in Ontario, Canada

The Rouge River is a river in Markham, Pickering, Richmond Hill and Toronto in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. The river flows from the Oak Ridges Moraine to Lake Ontario at the eastern border of Toronto, and is the location of Rouge Park, the only national park in Canada within a municipality. At its southern end, the Rouge River is the boundary between Toronto and southwestern Pickering in the Regional Municipality of Durham.

Stouffville is the primary urban area within the town of Whitchurch-Stouffville in York Region, Ontario, Canada. It is situated within the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of the Golden Horseshoe. The urban area is centred at the intersection of Main Street, Mill Street, and Market Street. Between 2006 and 2011, the population of the Community of Stouffville grew 100.5% from 12,411 to 24,886, or from 51% to 66% of the total population of the larger town of Whitchurch-Stouffville. The population of Stouffville from the 2021 census is 36,753.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Ridges—Markham (federal electoral district)</span> Federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada

Oak Ridges—Markham was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. Its population in 2006 was 169,645., with 136,755 electors, the highest of any riding in Canada. By 2011, the riding's population had risen to 228,997, the largest population of all ridings in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York North</span> Federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada

York North was a federal riding in Ontario, Canada, that was in the House of Commons of Canada from Confederation in 1867 until 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York—Simcoe (federal electoral district)</span> Federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada

York—Simcoe is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979, from 1988 to 1997 and since 2004.

King's Highway 48, also known as Highway 48, is a provincially maintained highway in southern Ontario that extends from Major Mackenzie Drive in Markham, through Whitchurch-Stouffville and East Gwillimbury, to Highway 12 south-east of Beaverton. The route is generally rural and straight, passing near several communities within the Regional Municipality of York. The route is 65.2 kilometres (40.5 mi) long. Most part of the road has a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph), except within town limits, where the speed limit is reduced to 60 km/h (37 mph) or 50 km/h (31 mph).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Ridges, Ontario</span> Unincorporated community in Ontario, Canada

Oak Ridges is an unincorporated community of Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, and has been part of the city since 1971. It forms the northern portion of the municipality's boundary, where it borders Aurora. Located about 20 km north of the northern border of Toronto and about 35 km from Downtown Toronto, it has a population of 18,520 (2016). The community developed around Lake Wilcox, the largest lake in the area, and has continued to expand slowly since its annexation by the Town of Richmond Hill. In the 1990s, Oak Ridges experienced moderate growth, which spurred environmental action by numerous organizations. Population has grown significantly as a result of development initiatives along Bayview Avenue. The Oak Ridges Community Centre was built and completed in June 2012 to accommodate community demand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York Region District School Board</span> School board in Ontario, Canada

The York Region District School Board (YRDSB), until 1999, English-language Public District School Board No. 16 is the English-language public school board for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. The York Region District School Board is the province's third-largest school board after Toronto's TDSB and Peel's PDSB, with an enrolment of over 122,000 students. It is in the fastest-growing census division in Ontario and the third-fastest growing in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York Regional Police</span> Police agency of York Region, Ontario, Canada

The York Regional Police (YRP) is the police service of the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. YRP was formed in 1971 from the police forces maintained by the nine municipalities which amalgamated into York Region at the time. The force had a strength of over 1,500 sworn members and 618 unsworn members as of 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York Region Paramedic Services</span>

York Region Paramedic Services provides legislated land ambulance services and paramedic care for the local municipalities within York Region. Paramedic Services is a division of the Region's Paramedic and Seniors Service Branch. Prior to 2000, ambulance services were provided by 2 private operators, York County Hospital, Nobleton Volunteer Ambulance and Ontario's Ministry of Health. The patchwork of service also had York Region dispatched by 3 different Ministry of Health Communication Centres. Georgian CACC now dispatches the whole region on the Ontario Government leased Bell Mobility Fleetnet VHF trunked radio system. There are approximately 480 full-time paramedics serving the region. Paramedic Operations are based in East Gwillimbury, Ontario.

Fire services in the York Region of Canada are provided for and by each municipality. There are 35 fire stations across the region. Most services consist of full-time members, but some services have volunteer firefighters.

York Regional Council is the political body for the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada. Created in 1970, it consists of 21 elected representatives plus the Regional Chair. The elected members are the mayors of each of its nine municipalities, as well as an additional eleven Regional Councillors from the more populous municipalities—four from Markham, three from Vaughan, two from Richmond Hill and one each from Georgina and Newmarket. These members are elected via double direct election.

Elections in the Regional Municipality of York of Ontario, Canada were held on 25 October 2010 in conjunction with municipal elections across the province. The results below are unofficial, pending review from the respective clerk's office for each municipality. Each elected representative becomes a member of York Regional Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Ridges—Markham (provincial electoral district)</span> Former provincial electoral district in Ontario

Oak Ridges—Markham was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario between the 2007 provincial election and the 2018 provincial election. Its population in 2006 was 169,645, with 136,755 electors, the highest of any riding in Ontario. It was the fastest growing riding in the province, having experienced a 52.5% increase in population from 2001 to 2006.

Elections in the Regional Municipality of York of Ontario, Canada were held on October 27, 2014 in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 York Region municipal elections</span>

Elections in the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, were held on October 22, 2018, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 York Region municipal elections</span>

Elections in the Regional Municipality of York of Ontario, Canada were held on October 24, 2022, in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.

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  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an aboriginal identity.