Davenport (federal electoral district)

For the provincial electoral district, see Davenport (provincial electoral district). For the municipal ward, see Ward 9 Davenport. For the South Australian electoral district, see Electoral district of Davenport.

Davenport

Ontario electoral district
Davenport in relation to other electoral districts in Toronto (2013 boundaries)
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Julie Dzerowicz Liberal
District created	1933
First contested	1935
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2021) [1]	105,946
Electors (2021)	77,306
Area (km²) [2]	12.08
Pop. density (per km²)	8,770.4
Census division(s)	Toronto
Census subdivision(s)	Toronto

Map of Davenport

Davenport is a federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935.

Demographics

The Davenport riding has the highest percentage of ethnic Portuguese of all Canadian federal ridings (27.4%), ^[3] and the highest percentage of European immigrants (28.5%, of whom 25.0% are from Southern Europe, and 19.2% from Southern European countries other than Italy), in all of Canada. ^{[4] [5]} It also has the highest percentage of native speakers of Portuguese (20.7%) and of Romance languages other than the French language of Canada (32.0%, with many Italian and Spanish). ^[6] The same holds true for home language (Portuguese: 14.0%; non-French Romance languages: 21.2%, both Canadian riding records) ^[7]

According to the 2021 Canadian census; 2013 representation ^[8]

Languages: 54.2% English, 14.3% Portuguese, 4.9% Spanish, 3.4% Italian, 2.3% Yue, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.5% French, 1.3% Tagalog, 1.1% Mandarin
Religions: 48.2% Christian (35.6% Catholic, 1.9% Christian Orthodox, 1.3% Anglican), 40.5% No religion, 3.4% Jewish, 3% Muslim, 2.3% Buddhist, 1.4% Hindu
Median income (2020): $40,400
Average income (2020): $55,550

Panethnic groups in Davenport (2011−2021)

Panethnic group	2021 [9]		2016 [10]		2011 [11]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
European [lower-alpha 1]	68,315	65.23%	71,850	66.9%	67,215	65.87%
African	7,100	6.78%	6,885	6.41%	6,745	6.61%
East Asian [lower-alpha 2]	6,975	6.66%	7,770	7.23%	6,590	6.46%
Latin American	6,130	5.85%	5,850	5.45%	6,715	6.58%
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 3]	5,600	5.35%	5,195	4.84%	6,165	6.04%
South Asian	4,820	4.6%	4,545	4.23%	4,065	3.98%
Indigenous	1,205	1.15%	1,260	1.17%	1,145	1.12%
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 4]	1,185	1.13%	1,025	0.95%	1,140	1.12%
Other/multiracial [lower-alpha 5]	3,410	3.26%	3,015	2.81%	2,255	2.21%
Total responses	104,735	98.86%	107,395	99.01%	102,040	99.69%
Total population	105,946	100%	108,473	100%	102,360	100%
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses. Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.

Geography

The district includes parts of west-end Toronto, and includes the neighbourhoods of Fairbank, Oakwood-Vaughan, St. Clair Gardens, Corso Italia, Dovercourt Village, Bloordale Village, Bloorcourt Village, Brockton Village, the Junction Triangle and the western part of Rua Acores.

History

The federal electoral district was created in 1933 from parts of Parkdale and Toronto Northwest ridings.

The federal riding of Davenport has been one of the most consistently Liberal ridings in Canada over the last century.

In 1958, Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament Douglas Morton was elected. Since then, Liberals Walter Gordon and Charles Caccia (who himself held the seat for nearly 40 years) won the seat by increasing margins, finally culminating in a 17,500-vote majority in 1993. Meanwhile, the opposition parties in the constituency were shifting, and the New Democratic Party candidate beat the Progressive Conservative or Conservative candidate in every election since 1979.

In late 2003, Charles Caccia lost the Liberal nomination for the seat to local city councillor Mario Silva, who then went on to win the election and serve as Davenport's Member of Parliament.

In 2011, Andrew Cash of the New Democratic Party won the seat, becoming the first non-Liberal in 49 years to represent the riding. In 2015, Cash was defeated by Liberal candidate Julie Dzerowicz, who became the first female Member of Parliament for Davenport. Dzerowicz ran for re-election in 2019 and won, again defeating Andrew Cash.

This riding lost a fraction of territory to Toronto—St. Paul's during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years	Member		Party
Davenport Riding created from Parkdale and Toronto Northwest
18th	1935–1940		John Ritchie MacNicol	Conservative
19th	1940–1945			National Government
20th	1945–1949			Progressive Conservative
21st	1949–1953		Paul Hellyer	Liberal
22nd	1953–1957
23rd	1957–1958		Douglas Morton	Progressive Conservative
24th	1958–1962
25th	1962–1963		Walter L. Gordon	Liberal
26th	1963–1965
27th	1965–1968
28th	1968–1972		Charles Caccia
29th	1972–1974
30th	1974–1979
31st	1979–1980
32nd	1980–1984
33rd	1984–1988
34th	1988–1993
35th	1993–1997
36th	1997–2000
37th	2000–2004
38th	2004–2006		Mario Silva
39th	2006–2008
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2015		Andrew Cash	New Democratic
42nd	2015–2019		Julie Dzerowicz	Liberal
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–present

Election results

Graph of general election results in Davenport (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

v t e 2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Julie Dzerowicz	19,930	42.1	-1.50	$101,254.58
	New Democratic	Alejandra Bravo	19,854	42.0	+1.20	$102,816.01
	Conservative	Jenny Kalimbet	4,774	10.1	+0.50	$6,403.32
	People's	Tara Dos Remedios	1,499	3.2	+2.30	$3,001.04
	Green	Adrian Currie	1,087	2.3	-2.20	$14,660.32
	Independent	Troy Young	86	0.2		none listed
	Independent	Chai Kalevar	77	0.2		none listed
Total valid votes/Expense limit			47,307	–	–	$109,525.37
Total rejected ballots			429
Turnout			47,736
Eligible voters			77,306
Source: Elections Canada [12] [13]

2021 federal election redistributed results [14]
Party		Vote	%
	Liberal	23,206	43.60
	New Democratic	21,062	39.57
	Conservative	5,777	10.85
	People's	1,738	3.27
	Green	1,277	2.40
	Others	163	0.31

v t e 2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Julie Dzerowicz	22,813	43.6	-0.66	$92,294.42
	New Democratic	Andrew Cash	21,341	40.8	-0.56	none listed
	Conservative	Sanjay Bhatia	5,014	9.6	-0.95	$35,793.71
	Green	Hannah Conover-Arthurs	2,341	4.5	+1.41	none listed
	People's	Francesco Ciardullo	492	0.9	-	none listed
	Communist	Elizabeth Rowley	137	0.3	-0.23	$626.70
	Independent	Troy Young	85	0.2	-	none listed
	Independent	Chai Kalevar	80	0.2	-0.02	$1,610.25
Total valid votes/expense limit			52,303	100.0
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters			79,822
	Liberal hold		Swing		-0.05
Source: Elections Canada [15] [16]

v t e 2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Julie Dzerowicz	21,947	44.26	+16.36	$81,434.76
	New Democratic	Andrew Cash	20,506	41.36	-12.36	$113,630.62
	Conservative	Carlos Oliveira	5,233	10.55	-3.67	$8,821.20
	Green	Dan Stein	1,530	3.09	-0.33	$8,434.06
	Communist	Miguel Figueroa	261	0.53	–	–
	Independent	Chai Kalevar	107	0.22	–	$1,430.00
Total valid votes/expense limit			49,584	100.00		$205,012.65
Total rejected ballots			287	0.58	–
Turnout			49,871	69.19	–
Eligible voters			72,082
	Liberal gain from New Democratic		Swing		+14.36
Source: Elections Canada [17] [18]

2011 federal election redistributed results [19]
Party		Vote	%
	New Democratic	20,984	53.72
	Liberal	10,897	27.90
	Conservative	5,553	14.22
	Green	1,335	3.42
	Others	294	0.75

v t e 2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Andrew Cash	21,096	53.74	+22.48
	Liberal	Mario Silva	10,946	27.89	-17.88
	Conservative	Theresa Rodrigues	5,573	14.20	+3.19
	Green	Wayne Scott	1,344	3.42	-7.07
	Communist	Miguel Figueroa	167	0.43	-0.03
	Animal Alliance	Simon Luisi	128	0.33	+0.07
Total valid votes/expense limit			39,254	100.00
Total rejected ballots			235	0.60	-0.10
Turnout			39,489	61.92	+8.88

v t e 2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Mario Silva	15,953	45.77	-6.10	$47,491
	New Democratic	Peter Ferreira	10,896	31.26	-1.35	$55,530
	Conservative	Theresa Rodrigues	3,838	11.01	+0.21	$13,993
	Green	Wayne Scott	3,655	10.49	+6.79	$12,172
	Canadian Action	Wendy Forrest	172	0.49	+0.18	$723
	Communist	Miguel Figueroa	160	0.46	+0.02	$432
	Animal Alliance	Simon Luisi	92	0.26	–	$957
	Marxist–Leninist	Sarah Thompson	87	0.25	-0.01
Total valid votes/expense limit			34,853	100.00	$79,438
Total rejected ballots			245	0.70	+0.09
Turnout			35,098	53.03	-7.58

v t e 2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Mario Silva	20,172	51.87	+1.18
	New Democratic	Gord Perks	12,681	32.61	-1.52
	Conservative	Theresa Rodrigues	4,202	10.80	+1.50
	Green	Mark O'Brien	1,440	3.70	-0.48
	Communist	Miguel Figueroa	172	0.44	+0.03
	Canadian Action	Wendy Forrest	122	0.31	+0.02
	Marxist–Leninist	Sarah Thompson	103	0.26	+0.02
Total valid votes			38,892	100.00
Total rejected ballots			240	0.61	-0.22
Turnout			39,132	60.61	+7.72
Elections Canada, Riding of Davenport, Electoral District 35015.

v t e 2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Mario Silva	16,773	50.69	-16.03
	New Democratic	Rui Pires	11,292	34.13	+20.57
	Conservative	Theresa Rodrigues	3,077	9.30	-4.61
	Green	Mark O'Brien	1,384	4.18	+1.66
	Marijuana	Elmer Gale	251	0.76	-1.12
	Communist	Johan Boyden	137	0.41
	Canadian Action	John Riddell	97	0.29	-0.84
	Marxist–Leninist	Sarah Thompson	79	0.24
Total valid votes			33,090	100.00
Total rejected ballots			278	0.83
Turnout			33,368	52.89
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

v t e 2000 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	17,014	66.7	+0.9
	New Democratic	Jordan Berger	3,457	13.6	-4.9
	Alliance	Anthony Montenegrino	2,021	7.9
	Progressive Conservative	Eduardo Marcos	1,526	6.0	-4.1
	Green	Mark O'Brien	642	2.5	+0.4
	Marijuana	Elmer Gale	480	1.9
	Canadian Action	Ann Emmett	288	1.1
	Natural Law	Stephen Porter	73	0.3
Total valid votes			25,501	100.0

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

v t e 1997 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	17,195	65.9	-8.0
	New Democratic	Chris Masterson	4,807	18.4	+9.4
	Progressive Conservative	Adele Pereira	2,628	10.1	+5.5
	Green	Richard Procter	551	2.1	+1.2
	Canadian Action	Ann Emmett	293	1.1
	Marxist–Leninist	Francesco Chilelli	250	1.0	+0.7
	Independent	Miguel Figueroa	194	0.7
	Independent	John Munoro	190	0.7
Total valid votes			26,108	100.0

v t e 1993 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	20,100	73.9	+15.0
	New Democratic	John Doherty	2,455	9.0	-9.8
	Reform	Michael Jakubcak	2,107	7.7
	Progressive Conservative	Margaret Samuel	1,251	4.6	-14.0
	National	Sherelanne Purcell	448	1.6
	Natural Law	Bruce Hislop	283	1.0
	Green	Sat K. Singh Khalsa	255	0.9
	Libertarian	Nunzio Venuto	200	0.7	-1.0
	Marxist–Leninist	Barbara Seed	64	0.2
	Abolitionist	Susan Lylliane Pennington	33	0.1
Total valid votes			27,196	100.0

v t e 1988 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	16,436	58.9	+5.2
	New Democratic	Anna Menozzi	5,243	18.8	-3.7
	Progressive Conservative	Alex Franco	5,179	18.6	-2.6
	Libertarian	April Henderson	480	1.7	+0.7
	Rhinoceros	Barry Heidt	214	0.8
	Communist	George P. Hewison	196	0.7	0.0
	Independent	Heather Robertson	150	0.5
Total valid votes			27,898	100.0

v t e 1984 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	13,248	53.7	-8.8
	New Democratic	Manfred Netzel	5,548	22.5	+0.3
	Progressive Conservative	Giovanni Rocca	5,217	21.1	+7.5
	Green	Elgin Blair	256	1.0
	Libertarian	John Scott Hayes	252	1.0	0.0
	Communist	Gordon Massie	165	0.7	+0.2
Total valid votes			24,686	100.0

v t e 1980 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	14,545	62.4	+6.5
	New Democratic	Ed Brown	5,170	22.2	-2.2
	Progressive Conservative	Italo Luci	3,167	13.6	-4.3
	Libertarian	Richard Brooke	230	1.0	+0.3
	Communist	Gail J. Phillips	117	0.5	0.0
	Marxist–Leninist	Richard Daly	72	0.3	0.0
Total valid votes			23,301	100.0

v t e 1979 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	12,760	55.9	-3.7
	New Democratic	Ed Brown	5,579	24.4	+7.6
	Progressive Conservative	Lilliana Edwards	4,090	17.9	-4.1
	Libertarian	George J. Dance	156	0.7
	Communist	Gail J. Phillips	117	0.5	-0.1
	Marxist–Leninist	Richard Daly	80	0.4	-0.1
	Independent	Steve Penner	48	0.2
Total valid votes			22,830	100.0

v t e 1974 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	12,294	59.6	+15.9
	Progressive Conservative	Brownie Darubin	4,542	22.0	-8.0
	New Democratic	Mairi McElhill	3,476	16.8	-7.8
	Communist	Mike Phillips	123	0.6	-0.3
	Independent	John Ross Taylor	102	0.5
	Marxist–Leninist	Richard Daly	95	0.5	-0.3
Total valid votes			20,632	100.0

v t e 1972 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	9,366	43.7	-6.7
	Progressive Conservative	John A. Gillespie	6,442	30.1	+8.0
	New Democratic	Angelo Principe	5,272	24.6	-2.9
	Independent	William Kashtan	190	0.9
	Independent	Richard Daly	160	0.7
Total valid votes			21,430	100.0

v t e 1968 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Charles Caccia	10,736	50.4	-7.9
	New Democratic	Otto Bresan	5,865	27.5	+10.3
	Progressive Conservative	Ken Dear	4,688	22.0	-1.0
Total valid votes			21,289	100.0

v t e 1965 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Walter L. Gordon	9,887	58.4	+3.6
	Progressive Conservative	Daniel Iannuzzi	3,907	23.1	+0.6
	New Democratic	Nelson W. Abraham	2,918	17.2	-4.4
	Communist	William Kashtan	224	1.3
Total valid votes			16,936	100.0

v t e 1963 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Walter L. Gordon	11,023	54.7	+12.1
	Progressive Conservative	Pauline Miles	4,520	22.4	-9.0
	New Democratic	Vic Cathers	4,347	21.6	-2.7
	Social Credit	Roland Ring	245	1.2	+0.7
Total valid votes			20,135	100.0

v t e 1962 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Walter L. Gordon	9,101	42.6	+11.1
	Progressive Conservative	M. Douglas Morton	6,713	31.5	-17.1
	New Democratic	Bill Sefton	5,181	24.3	+4.4
	Communist	Phyllis Clarke	231	1.1
	Social Credit	Raymond Bell	117	0.5
Total valid votes			21,343	100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

v t e 1958 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	M. Douglas Morton	12,117	48.6	+7.8
	Liberal	Paul Hellyer	7,872	31.5	+1.3
	Co-operative Commonwealth	F. Andrew Brewin	4,963	19.9	-9.2
Total valid votes			24,952	100.0

v t e 1957 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	M. Douglas Morton	8,989	40.7	-0.4
	Liberal	Paul Hellyer	6,665	30.2	-2.1
	Co-operative Commonwealth	F. Andrew Brewin	6,414	29.1	+6.2
Total valid votes			22,068	100.0

v t e 1953 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Paul Hellyer	8,919	41.1	+2.1
	Progressive Conservative	Harold McBride	6,998	32.3	-3.5
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Fred Young	4,968	22.9	-2.3
	Labor–Progressive	Hector Harold MacArthur	802	3.7
Total valid votes			21,687	100.0

v t e 1949 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Paul Hellyer	11,431	39.0	+10.5
	Progressive Conservative	John Ritchie MacNicol	10,476	35.8	-12.9
	Co-operative Commonwealth	David B. Archer	7,366	25.2	+6.9
Total valid votes			29,273	100.0

v t e 1945 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	John Ritchie MacNicol	13,110	48.6	-8.6
	Liberal	William Alexander Gunn	7,682	28.5	-14.3
	Co-operative Commonwealth	George Eamon Park	4,931	18.3
	Labor–Progressive	Richard W. Robertson	882	3.3
	Social Credit	David Ewald Hartman	346	1.3
Total valid votes			26,951	100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election.

v t e 1940 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Government	John Ritchie MacNicol	14,890	57.2	+17.6
	Liberal	Neil Cameron	11,140	42.8	+15.0
Total valid votes			26,030	100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

v t e 1935 Canadian federal election, Toronto
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	John Ritchie MacNicol	10,919	39.6
	Liberal	John P. Travers	7,675	27.8
	Co-operative Commonwealth	John Williams Bruce	4,766	17.3
	Reconstruction	W. Harvey Brown	4,216	15.3
Total valid votes			27,576	100.0

See also

• List of Canadian federal electoral districts
• Historical federal electoral districts of Canada

References

• "Davenport (federal electoral district) (Code 35015) Census Profile". 2011 census . Government of Canada - Statistics Canada . Retrieved March 2, 2012.
• Federal riding history from the Library of Parliament
• Campaign expense data from Elections Canada

Notes

1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
2. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
3. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
4. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

1. Statistics Canada: 2022
2. Statistics Canada: 2022
3. "2Profile of Ethnic Origin and Visible Minorities for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2006 Census". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
4. "Immigrant Status and Place of Birth (38), Sex (3) and Age Groups (10) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
5. "Appendix J Comparison of places of birth disseminated in 2006, 2001 and 1996". 2.statcan.ca. November 20, 2009. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
6. "2011 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations | Detailed Mother Tongue (232), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2011 Census". 2.statcan.gc.ca. October 24, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
7. "First Official Language Spoken (7), Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home (232), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2011 Census". 2.statcan.gc.ca. October 24, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
8. "Census Profile, 2021 Census - Davenport; Federal electoral district;, Ontario and Ontario; Province;". December 15, 2022.
9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
11. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
12. "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada . Retrieved September 2, 2021.
13. Elections Canada – Results Validated by the Returning Officer
14. "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada . Retrieved April 9, 2024.
15. "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
16. "Election Night Results -". Elections Canada . Retrieved October 22, 2019.
17. Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Davenport, 30 September 2015
18. Elections Canada – Final Candidates Election Expenses Limits
19. Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

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