Vancouver Quadra

Vancouver Quadra

British Columbia electoral district
Vancouver Quadra in relation to other electoral districts in the Vancouver area
Federal electoral district
Legislature	House of Commons
MP	Joyce Murray Liberal
District created	1947
First contested	1949
Last contested	2021
District webpage	profile, map
Demographics
Population (2016) [1]	105,608
Electors (2021)	75,538
Area (km²) [1]	42
Pop. density (per km²)	2,514.5
Census division(s)	Metro Vancouver
Census subdivision(s)	Greater Vancouver A, Musqueam 2, Vancouver

Vancouver Quadra is a federal electoral district in the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada. It has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1949. The constituency bears the name of the Spanish explorer who surveyed the area in 1775, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra. ^[2] Since 2007, the riding has been represented by Liberal MP Joyce Murray, who has served in the 29th ministry under Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau.

Within the boundaries of this riding are the University of British Columbia and the western portions of the affluent West Side of Vancouver. Voters within Vancouver Quadra have tended to elect centrist candidates, which is an exception to the province as a whole where politics has tended to be more polarized. Though the Liberals have held the seat since 1984, MPs tend to be on the right wing of the party. For example, the current MP, Joyce Murray, was previously a cabinet minister in the centre-right British Columbia Liberal Party, which is unaffiliated with the federal Liberal party and attracts the vast majority of voters who vote for the Conservative Party of Canada in federal elections.

Demographics

This is the sixth wealthiest riding in Canada, with an average family income of over $145,000. As of 2006, this riding had 37% immigrants, most of whom are Chinese-Canadians. The province's largest university, the University of British Columbia, is situated in this riding. The major employer is the professional, scientific and technical service sector. The unemployment rate is 5.2%. ^[3] Nearly every single-family house in this riding is worth over a million dollars; the median house value is over 2 million dollars.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Vancouver Quadra riding has a very high level of educational attainment; it has the highest percentage of people with a university certificate or degree in all of Canada (53.1%) and also tops the following educational attainment sub-categories:

• Earned doctorate: 4.7%
• Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry: 2.5%
• Bachelor's degree: 27.4% ^[4]

Panethnic groups in Vancouver Quadra (2011−2021)

Panethnic group	2021 [5]		2016 [6]		2011 [7]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
European [a]	57,765	53.96%	59,835	58.24%	63,605	63.4%
East Asian [b]	33,805	31.58%	31,615	30.77%	26,990	26.9%
South Asian	3,705	3.46%	2,785	2.71%	2,175	2.17%
Middle Eastern [c]	2,590	2.42%	1,710	1.66%	1,305	1.3%
Southeast Asian [d]	2,535	2.37%	1,685	1.64%	1,825	1.82%
Indigenous	2,000	1.87%	1,940	1.89%	1,840	1.83%
Latin American	1,700	1.59%	1,295	1.26%	870	0.87%
African	860	0.8%	605	0.59%	575	0.57%
Other [e]	2,095	1.96%	1,270	1.24%	1,135	1.13%
Total responses	107,055	97.92%	102,740	97.28%	100,325	97.96%
Total population	109,328	100%	105,608	100%	102,416	100%
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses. Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.

According to the 2016 Canadian census :

Languages: 66.0% English, 1.6% French, 31.3% other, 1.1% multiple languages
Religions: 27.9% Protestant, 16.3% Catholic, 4.5% Buddhist, 4.2% Other Christian, 3.8% Jewish, 2.4% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Muslim, 38.5% no religious affiliation
Average income: $46,991

Geography

The district includes the parts of the West Side of Vancouver and the University of British Columbia Endowment Lands.

History

The electoral district was created in 1947 from Vancouver East and Vancouver South ridings. It was a swing riding for most of its first four decades. However, in 1984, John Turner, then Prime Minister, unseated Progressive Conservative incumbent Bill Clarke even as Turner's Liberals suffered what was then the biggest seat loss in Canadian history. It was one of only two Liberal-held seats west of Ontario. The seat has stayed in Liberal hands ever since.

The 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution concluded that the electoral boundaries of Vancouver Quadra should be adjusted, and a modified electoral district of the same name will be contested in future elections. ^[8] The redefined Vancouver Quadra loses a portion of its current territory east of the Arbutus Corridor to the new district of Vancouver Granville. These new boundaries were legally defined in the 2013 representation order, which came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for October 2015. ^[9]

Historical boundaries

• 
  1947 representation order
• 
  1952 representation order
• 
  1966 representation order
• 
  1976 representation order
• 
  1987 representation order
• 
  1996 representation order
• 
  2003 representation order
• 
  2013 representation order

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years	Member		Party
Vancouver Quadra Riding created from Vancouver East and Vancouver South
21st	1949–1953		Howard Charles Green	Progressive Conservative
22nd	1953–1957
23rd	1957–1958
24th	1958–1962
25th	1962–1963
26th	1963–1965		Grant Deachman	Liberal
27th	1965–1968
28th	1968–1972
29th	1972–1974		Bill Clarke	Progressive Conservative
30th	1974–1979
31st	1979–1980
32nd	1980–1984
33rd	1984–1988		John Turner	Liberal
34th	1988–1993
35th	1993–1997		Ted McWhinney
36th	1997–2000
37th	2000–2004		Stephen Owen
38th	2004–2006
39th	2006–2007
	2008–2008		Joyce Murray
40th	2008–2011
41st	2011–2015
42nd	2015–2019
43rd	2019–2021
44th	2021–present

Current member of Parliament

Its member of Parliament (MP) is Joyce Murray (Liberal), a former British Columbia cabinet minister and provincial Member of the Legislative Assembly. She was first elected in a March 2008 by-election, by a small margin. Murray was re-elected in the general elections of 2008, 2011 and 2015 with larger margins. She was again re-elected in the 2019 and 2021 federal elections, albeit by reduced margins.

Election results

Graph of election results in Vancouver Quadra (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

v t e 2021 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	20,814	43.63	+0.10	$93,921.31
	Conservative	Brad Armstrong	13,786	28.90	+1.15	$103,409.23
	New Democratic	Naden Abenes	9,220	19.33	+4.20	$9,885.59
	Green	Devyani Singh	2,922	6.12	–6.31	$18,663.20
	People's	Renate Siekmann	963	2.02	+1.18	$20,173.89
Total valid votes/expense limit			47,705	100.00		$108,762.68
Total rejected ballots			291	–
Turnout			47,996	63.54	–
Eligible voters			75,538
	Liberal hold		Swing		–0.53
Source: Elections Canada

2021 federal election redistributed results [10]
Party		Vote	%
	Liberal	21,464	43.39
	Conservative	14,455	29.22
	New Democratic	9,593	19.39
	Green	2,950	5.96
	People's	1,004	2.03

v t e 2019 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	22,093	43.53	−15.21	$98,274.21
	Conservative	Kathleen Dixon	14,082	27.75	+1.87	$101,180.50
	New Democratic	Leigh Kenny	7,681	15.13	+4.25	none listed
	Green	Geoff Wright	6,308	12.43	+8.19	$9,668.18
	People's	Sandra Filosof-Schipper	428	0.84	–	none listed
	Independent	Austen Erhardt	162	0.32	–	$769.45
Total valid votes/expense limit			50,754	100.0
Total rejected ballots			251
Turnout			51,005	68.0
Eligible voters			74,984
	Liberal hold		Swing		−8.54
Source: Elections Canada [11] [12]

2015 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	31,102	58.71	+15.25	$97,238.16
	Conservative	Blair Lockhart	13,683	25.83	-10.60	$138,478.02
	New Democratic	Scott Andrews	5,748	10.85	-3.60	$28,356.72
	Green	Kris Constable	2,229	4.21	-1.44	$9,999.97
	Pirate	Trevor Clinton Walper	86	0.16	–	$246.50
	Marijuana	Marc Boyer	65	0.12	–	–
	Independent	Jean-François Caron	59	0.11	–	$20.80
Total valid votes/expense limit			52,972	100.00		$207,109.54
Total rejected ballots			144	0.27	–
Turnout			53,116	71.17	–
Eligible voters			74,633
	Liberal hold		Swing		+12.92
Source: Elections Canada [13] [14]

2011 federal election redistributed results [15]
Party		Vote	%
	Liberal	20,226	43.47
	Conservative	16,953	36.43
	New Democratic	6,723	14.45
	Green	2,629	5.65

2011 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	22,903	42.17	-3.42
	Conservative	Deborah Meredith	20,984	38.64	+1.73
	New Democratic	Victor Elkins	7,499	13.81	+5.75
	Green	Laura-Leah Shaw	2,922	5.38	-3.44
Total valid votes			54,308	100.0
Total rejected ballots			144	0.26	-0.02
Turnout			54,452	63.17	-0.20
Eligible voters			86,203
	Liberal hold		Swing		-2.58

2008 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	25,393	45.59	+9.54	$79,097
	Conservative	Deborah Meredith	20,561	36.91	+1.39	$83,516
	Green	Dan Grice	4,916	8.82	-4.64	$6,621
	New Democratic	David Caplan	4,493	8.06	-6.37	$19,537
	Libertarian	Norris Barens	333	0.59	–
Total valid votes/expense limit			55,696	100.0		$89,046
Total rejected ballots			158	0.28	+0.01
Turnout			55,854	63.37	+29
	Liberal hold		Swing		+4.08

Canadian federal by-election, March 17, 2008
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Joyce Murray	10,155	36.05	-12.79	$71,894
	Conservative	Deborah Meredith	10,004	35.52	+6.43	$86,890
	New Democratic	Rebecca Coad	4,064	14.43	-1.67	$59,591
	Green	Dan Grice	3,792	13.46	+8.32	$37,353
	Rhinoceros	John Turner	111	0.39	–
	Canadian Action	Psamuel Frank	40	0.14	–	$58
Total valid votes/expense limit			28,166	100.0		$87,208
Total rejected ballots			77	0.27	+0.05
Turnout			28,243	34	-34
	Liberal hold		Swing		-9.61
By-election due to the resignation of Stephen Owen

2006 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Stephen Owen	28,655	49.14	-3.29	$66,112
	Conservative	Stephen Rogers	16,844	28.89	+2.58	$81,186
	New Democratic	David Askew	9,379	16.08	+1.09	$28,264
	Green	Ben West	2,974	5.10	-0.50	$1,187
	Independent	Betty Krawczyk	263	0.45	–
	Marijuana	Marc Boyer	158	0.27	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Donovan Young	41	0.07	-0.02
Total valid votes			58,314	100.0
Total rejected ballots			131	0.22	-0.07
Turnout			58,445	68	-1
	Liberal hold		Swing		-2.94

2004 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Stephen Owen	29,187	52.43	+7.60	$68,710
	Conservative	Stephen Rogers	14,648	26.31	-19.47	$78,433
	New Democratic	David Askew	8,348	14.99	+9.77	$51,374
	Green	Doug Warkentin	3,118	5.60	+2.72	$4,289
	Canadian Action	Connie Fogal	165	0.29	-0.49	$5,222
	Libertarian	Katrina Chowne	151	0.27	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Donovan Young	48	0.08	-0.21
Total valid votes			55,665	100.0
Total rejected ballots			164	0.29	-0.11
Turnout			55,829	66.53	+3.19
	Liberal hold		Swing		+13.54
Change for the Conservatives is based on the combined totals of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives.

2000 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Stephen Owen	22,253	44.83	+2.69	$60,542
	Alliance	Kerry-Lynne Findlay	18,613	37.50	+9.91	$64,240
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	4,112	8.28	-8.59	$12,355
	New Democratic	Loretta Woodcock	2,595	5.22	-4.81	$10,844
	Green	Doug Warkentin	1,434	2.88	+0.30	$16,556
	Canadian Action	Chris Shaw	390	0.78	–	$5,683
	Natural Law	Steven Beck	126	0.25	-0.22
	Marxist–Leninist	Anne Jamieson	109	0.21	-0.09	$18
Total valid votes			49,632	100.0
Total rejected ballots			194	0.40
Turnout			49,826	63.34	-4.32
	Liberal hold		Swing		-3.61
Change for the Canadian Alliance is based on the Reform Party.

1997 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Ted McWhinney	18,847	42.14	+2.73	$55,589
	Reform	Joanne Easdown	12,340	27.59	+5.44	$57,114
	Progressive Conservative	Geoff Chutter	7,546	16.87	-0.55	$53,095
	New Democratic	Donovan T. Kuehn	4,486	10.03	-0.66	$11,981
	Green	Kelly White	1,155	2.58	+1.43
	Natural Law	Alan Mackenzie Brooke	211	0.47	-0.26
	Marxist–Leninist	Anne Jamieson	135	0.30	+0.15
Total valid votes			44,720	100.0
Total rejected ballots			202	0.45
Turnout			44,922	67.76
	Liberal hold		Swing		-1.36

1993 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Ted McWhinney	20,366	39.41	-4.54
	Reform	Bill McArthur	11,447	22.15	+20.12
	Progressive Conservative	Geoff Chutter	9,002	17.42	-13.07
	New Democratic	Tommy Tao	5,524	10.69	-10.69
	National	W.J. Willy Spat	3,303	6.39	–
	Green	Alannah New-Small	594	1.15	–
	Libertarian	Walter Boytinck	410	0.79	+0.56
	Natural Law	Alan M. Brooke	376	0.73	–
	Christian Heritage	Walter Opmeer	208	0.40	–
	Independent	Roman York	170	0.33	–
	Independent	Janet Ludlam	138	0.27	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Dorothy-Jean O'Donnell	80	0.15	–
	Commonwealth of Canada	J.G. Joseph Jackman	59	0.11	+0.07
Total valid votes			51,677	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		-12.33

1988 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Turner	24,021	43.95	+0.02
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	16,664	30.49	-6.97
	New Democratic	Gerry Scott	11,687	21.38	+4.56
	Reform	J.R. Jack Ford	1,112	2.03	–
	Rhinoceros	John Turner (no relation)	760	1.39	–
	Libertarian	Walter Boytinck	129	0.24	+0.06
	Communist	Bert Ogden	75	0.14	–
	Independent	Albert A. Ritchie	74	0.14	–
	Independent	Blair T. Longley	52	0.10	–
	Confederation of Regions	Nora Galenzoski	35	0.06	–
	Commonwealth of Canada	G.J. Joseph Jackman	23	0.04	+0.02
	Independent	Allen Soroka	22	0.04	–
Total valid votes			54,654	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		+3.50

1984 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Turner	21,794	43.94	+13.23
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	18,581	37.46	-8.63
	New Democratic	Ray Cantillon	8,343	16.82	-4.93
	Green	Jim Bohlen	389	0.78	–
	Rhinoceros	Ian McConkey	219	0.44	–
	Independent	Diane Jones	111	0.22	–
	Libertarian	Marco Den Ouden	87	0.18	–
	Independent	Bill Burgess	28	0.06	–
	Independent	David Michael Shebib	20	0.04	–
	Commonwealth of Canada	T. Gaetan Feuille D'érable Wall	20	0.04	–
	Independent	J.G. Joseph Jackman	12	0.02	–
Total valid votes			49,604	100.0
	Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative		Swing		+10.93

1980 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	20,993	46.09	+0.52
	Liberal	Peter Pearse	13,987	30.71	+1.31
	New Democratic	Alan Bush	9,907	21.75	-2.71
	Rhinoceros	Verne John Eh McDonald	405	0.89	–
	Social Credit	Elaine Wanstall	104	0.23	–
	Independent	Peter Rabbit Milne	73	0.16	–
	Marxist–Leninist	Allen Soroka	50	0.11	-0.04
	Independent	Byron Nelson	26	0.06	–
Total valid votes			45,545	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		-0.40

1979 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	19,869	45.57	-2.69
	Liberal	Paul Manning	12,820	29.40	-10.09
	New Democratic	Alan Bush	10,665	24.46	+13.13
	Libertarian	Campbell Osborne	144	0.33	–
	Marxist–Leninist	David Fuller	64	0.15	-0.16
	Independent	Fred Gilbertson	37	0.08	–
Total valid votes			43,599	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		+3.70

1974 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	18,892	48.26	+5.69
	Liberal	Frank Low-Beer	15,458	39.49	+3.55
	New Democratic	Nigel Nixon	4,434	11.33	-8.82
	Social Credit	Edith Garner	179	0.46	-0.45
	Marxist–Leninist	Brian Keith Sproule	120	0.31	–
	Independent	Norman G. Dent	61	0.16	–
Total valid votes			39,144	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		+1.07

v t e 1972 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Bill Clarke	17,767	42.57	+12.27
	Liberal	Grant Deachman	15,001	35.94	-18.34
	New Democratic	Nigel Nixon	8,411	20.15	+5.20
	Social Credit	Edith Garner	378	0.91	–
	Independent	Rupert Beebe	180	0.43	–
Total valid votes			41,737	100.0
	Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing		+15.30

v t e 1968 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Grant Deachman	20,788	54.29	+15.45
	Progressive Conservative	John A. Pearkes	11,604	30.30	-7.49
	New Democratic	George Trasov	5,727	14.96	-1.13
	Republican	Robert Hein	175	0.46	–
Total valid votes			38,294	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		+11.47

v t e 1965 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Grant Deachman	12,895	38.84	-2.90
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	12,549	37.80	-0.07
	New Democratic	George E. Trasov	5,342	16.09	+1.43
	Social Credit	Donald W. Gosse	2,416	7.28	+1.54
Total valid votes			33,202	100.0
	Liberal hold		Swing		-1.42

v t e 1963 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Grant Deachman	15,160	41.73	+10.66
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	13,756	37.87	-7.59
	New Democratic	Dorothy Gretchen Steeves	5,324	14.66	-2.49
	Social Credit	James P.R. Mason	2,085	5.74	-0.59
Total valid votes			36,325	100.0
	Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative		Swing		+9.12

v t e 1962 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	15,113	45.46	-25.26
	Liberal	Grant Deachman	10,331	31.07	+14.79
	New Democratic	Philip H. Waddell	5,699	17.14	+7.17
	Social Credit	Emil Peter Schafer	2,103	6.33	+3.30
Total valid votes			33,246	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		-20.02
Change for the New Democrats is based on the Co-operative Commonwealth.

1958 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	24,802	70.72	+6.78
	Liberal	Francis Cecil Boyes	5,713	16.29	+0.33
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Bill Pierce	3,496	9.97	+1.26
	Social Credit	Stephen Halom	1,062	3.03	-8.37
Total valid votes			35,073	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		+3.22

1957 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	21,719	63.93	+20.11
	Liberal	Ted R. Burnett	5,423	15.96	-10.76
	Social Credit	Christy McDevitt	3,871	11.39	-5.61
	Co-operative Commonwealth	James G. Lorimer	2,959	8.71	-3.74
Total valid votes			33,972	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		+15.44

1953 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	12,769	43.82	-6.31
	Liberal	Russell Charles Gordon	7,786	26.72	-5.37
	Social Credit	Tom Boothman	4,955	17.01	–
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Gordon H. Dowding	3,628	12.45	-5.33
Total valid votes			29,138	100.0
	Progressive Conservative hold		Swing		-0.47

1949 Canadian federal election
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Progressive Conservative	Howard Charles Green	16,661	50.13
	Liberal	Thomas Foster Isherwood	10,665	32.09
	Co-operative Commonwealth	Harold Winston Mason	5,908	17.78
Total valid votes			33,234	100.0
This riding was created from parts of Vancouver East and Vancouver South, which elected a Co-operative Commonwealth and a Progressive Conservative, respectively, in the previous election. Howard Charles Green was the incumbent from Vancouver South.

See also

• List of Canadian electoral districts
• Historical federal electoral districts of Canada

References

• "Vancouver Quadra (Code 59033) Census Profile". 2011 census . Government of Canada - Statistics Canada . Retrieved March 6, 2011.
• Expenditures – 2004
• Expenditures – 2000
• Expenditures – 1997
• Riding history from the Library of Parliament

Notes

1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
2. Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
3. Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
4. Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
5. Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.

1. Statistics Canada: 2011
2. "Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra | the Canadian Encyclopedia".
3. Vancouver Quadra, CBC.ca, 2008.
4. "2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations | Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (14), Location of Study (5), Major Field of Study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000 (14), Age Groups (10A) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2016 Census - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.gc.ca. February 8, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
6. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
8. Final Report – British Columbia
9. Timeline for the Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts
10. "Transposition of Votes from the 44th General Election to the 2023 Representation Orders". Elections Canada . Retrieved April 9, 2024.
11. "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
12. "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
13. Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Vancouver Quadra, 30 September 2015
14. Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
15. Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections

49°15′22″N123°12′18″W / 49.256°N 123.205°W / 49.256; -123.205