| Western dappled white | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pieridae |
| Genus: | Euchloe |
| Species: | E. crameri |
| Binomial name | |
| Euchloe crameri (Butler, 1869) | |
Euchloe crameri, the western dappled white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.
Fore and hind wings pearly white on the upperside, with a black apex , mottled white. Underside of the forewings very similar, although the apex spot is greenish; in the hind wings, the greenish colour predominates, with white spots. The female is larger, with a more greenish colour, a consequence of the superposition of black and yellow scales. Very similar to Euchloe ausonia .
Widely distributed and mainly western, from Northwest Africa, Iberian Peninsula, S and SE of France, N of Italy, Ligurian Alps to Bologna. Its distribution overlaps with that of E. simplonia in E Pyrenees and SE of France . In Spain and Portugal it occurs abundantly in the Iberian Peninsula, especially in the Mediterranean area. It is a very adaptable and nomadic species, so it is found in all types of habitats from 0 -2400m. In Sierra Nevada (Spain) they have been observed even above 2500 m altitude, although in these populations there is only one annual reproduction, and their density is low. The specimens of this mountainous area were described by Heinrich Ribbe, in 1905, as a differentiated subspecies, under the name of Euchloe alhambra , although it has been rejected that there are differences that justify such a presumption. Likes open, warm and dry areas, and in rural lands, preferably cultivated.
Bivoltine , reproduces twice a year, with the first brood in February, and the second between April and May. Flies until August.
Oviposition is on the floral buds of various plants ( Sinapis arvensis , Moricandia foleyi , Sinapis alba , Biscutella spathulata , Erucastrum naturiifolium ), individually, and the caterpillar develops quickly on the leaves, soon attaining the chrysalis phase. Not all chrysalis develop into adult individuals in the first year, as some of them hibernate, remaining in that state, sometimes, up to several years; Therefore, the second generation is always partial.
Euchloe crameri mauretanica(Röber 1907)
Anthocharis euphenoides, the Provence orange tip, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in the Iberian Peninsula, in the south of France and in Italy in the Abruzzo. There are a few records from Switzerland. Its caterpillars use Biscutella as their food source.
Euchloe charlonia, the greenish black-tip or lemon white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. Its range is mainly in northern Africa, the Middle East and occasionally the southern Iberian Peninsula, especially Spain.
Aporia crataegi, the black-veined white, is a large butterfly of the family Pieridae. A. crataegi is widespread and common. Its range extends from northwest Africa in the west to Transcaucasia and across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan in the east. In the south, it is found in Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Syria. It is not usually present in the British Isles or northern Scandinavia.
The heath fritillary is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout the Palaearctic from western Europe to Japan, in heathland, grassland, and in coppiced woodland. Its association with coppiced woodland earned it the name "woodman's follower" in parts of the UK. It is considered a threatened species in the UK and Germany, but not Europe-wide or globally.
Colias alfacariensis, Berger's clouded yellow, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It was separated from the pale clouded yellow, C. hyale, in 1905. Berger's clouded yellow is a Palearctic species (South and Central Europe, South Russia, Russian Far East, Siberia Central Asia and temperate China also Asia Minor, Caucasus and Transcaucasia.
The sooty orange tip is a Palearctic Pieridae butterfly that has a range that extends through southern Europe, southwest Europe, northern Africa, East Kazakhstan and Asia Minor. Global warming currently seems to be extending its range to the north. The habitat consists of open flowery grasslands amongst hills.
Euchloe ausonia, the eastern dappled white, is a southern European and Palearctic butterfly found mostly to the south and east of its almost indistinguishable relative the western dappled white.
Catopsilia pomona, the common emigrant or lemon emigrant, is a medium-sized pierid butterfly found in Asia and parts of Australia. The species gets its name from its habit of migration. Some early authors considered them as two distinct species Catopsilia crocale and Catopsilia pomona.
The Nilgiri clouded yellow, Colias nilagiriensis, sometimes considered a subspecies of Colias erate, is a small butterfly native to Shola forests of the Western Ghats. It belongs to the family Pieridae.
Daphnis nerii, the oleander hawk-moth or army green moth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Apatura ilia, the lesser purple emperor, is a species of butterfly native to most of Europe and east across the Palearctic. It is named for its similarity to the purple emperor butterfly.
Smerinthus ocellatus, the eyed hawk-moth, is a European moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Daphnis hypothous, the jade hawkmoth, is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae described by Pieter Cramer in 1780. It is known from Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, southern China, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It is a rare vagrant to the Western Palaearctic realm. During the last hundred years a number have been discovered within the Middle East and one was even found in Scotland late in the 20th century but this was probably imported as a pupa with cargo.
Melitaea didyma, the spotted fritillary or red-band fritillary, is a Palearctic butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Euchloe tagis, the Portuguese dappled white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.
Charaxes etheocles, the demon charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia.
Charaxes zelica, the zelica untailed charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and possibly Sierra Leone. The habitat consists of forests with altitudes of 800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 ft).
Colias fieldii, the dark clouded yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in southern Iran, India, southern China, Indochina, and Ussuri.
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