Eunica

Eunica
Male Eunica mygdonia (museum specimen)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Tribe:	Epicaliini
Genus:	Eunica Hübner, [1819]
Type species
Papilio monima Stoll, 1782
Diversity
About 40 species
Synonyms
AmyclaDoubleday, 1849 (non Rafinesque, 1815: preoccupied) CallianiraDoubleday, 1847 (non Péron & Lesueur, 1810: preoccupied) EuniceGeyer, 1832 (non Rafinesque, 1815: preoccupied) EvonymeHübner, 1819 FauniaPoey, 1847 (non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: preoccupied) LibythinaFelder, 1861

Eunica is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm.

These butterflies have some eye-like spots on the wings. According to one research, there is an evolutionary tendency for decreasing of the number of spots. ^[1]

Species

E. concordia, Cristalino River, Southern Amazon, Brazil

E. pusilla, Cristalino River, Southern Amazon, Brazil

E. sophonisba, Jatun Sacha Biological Reserve, Puerto Misahuallí, Ecuador

The genus contains the following species, listed alphabetically: ^{[2] [3] [4]}

• Eunica Chepkorir Rono (Doubleday, [1847])
• Eunica alpais (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica amelia (Cramer, [1777])
• Eunica amycla (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica anna (Cramer, 1780)
• Eunica araucana C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica bechina (Hewitson, 1852)
• Eunica brunnea Salvin, 1869
• Eunica caelina (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica caralis (Hewitson, 1857)
• Eunica carias (Hewitson, 1857)
• Eunica chlorochroa (Salvin, 1869) - Mira purplewing
• Eunica clytia (Hewitson, 1852)
• Eunica concordia (Hewitson, 1852) – sandbar purplewing
• Eunica cuvierii (Godart, [1819]) – Cuvier's purplewing
• Eunica eburnea Fruhstorfer, 1907
• Eunica elegans Salvin, 1869
• Eunica eurota (Cramer, [1775])
• Eunica evelide Bates, 1864
• Eunica incognita Jenkins, 1990
• Eunica ingens Seitz, 1915
• Eunica interphasis Jenkins, 1990
• Eunica heraclites Gundlach, 1881
• Eunica macris (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica maja (Fabricius, 1775)
• Eunica malvina Bates, 1864 – Malvina purplewing
• Eunica margarita (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica marsolia (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica mira Godman & Salvin, 1877
• Eunica monima (Stoll, [1782]) - dingy purplewing
• Eunica mygdonia (Godart, [1824])
• Eunica norica (Hewitson, 1852) – Norica purplewing
• Eunica olympias C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica orphise (Cramer, [1775])
• Eunica phasis C. & R. Felder, 1862
• Eunica pomona (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) – rounded purplewing
• Eunica pusilla Bates, 1864 - pusilla purplewing
• Eunica sophonisba (Cramer, [1782]) – glorious purplewing
• Eunica sydonia (Godart, [1824]) – Godart's purplewing
• Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schaeffer, [1855]) – Florida purplewing
• Eunica venusia (C. & R. Felder, 1867)
• Eunica veronica Bates, 1864
• Eunica viola Bates, 1864
• Eunica violetta Staudinger, [1885]
• Eunica volumna (Godart, [1824])

References

1. Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Silva-Brandão, K.L., Willmott, K., Freitas, A.V.L., Wahlberg, N. and Brower, A.V.Z. (2024), Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae): phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution. Cladistics, 40: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12556
2. Epicaliini Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine , Nymphalidae Study Group website
3. "Eunica Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
4. Identification Guide - Nymphalidae 1 ^[usurped] , Butterflies of Amazonia

• Jenkins, D. W. 1990. Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 131:1-175.
• Lamas, G. (ed.) 2004. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. (Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea to Papilionoidea). Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida.

External links

• Eunica, Tree of Life