| Euura proxima | |
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| Euura proxima | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Symphyta |
| Family: | Tenthredinidae |
| Genus: | Euura |
| Species: | E. proxima |
| Binomial name | |
| Euura proxima (Serville, 1823) | |
Euura proxima is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed on the leaves of willows ( Salix species), creating galls and was described by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1823.
The gall is an ovoid, bean-shaped gall, up to 12 mm x 6 mm in size, with a hard thick red wall when occupied. The gall is formed when the female lays her eggs and injects a substance into the leaf. At first the galls are green and the walls soften as the larva consumes the tissue. Some galls may not be occupied, possibly because an egg was not laid or it did not hatch. [1] There can be several galls to a leaf and they do not usually touch the midrib. Galls of E. proxima are found on white willow (S. alba), weeping willow (S. babylonica), S. x blanda, S. excelsa, crack willow (S. fragilis) and bay willow (S. pentandra). [2] There are two broods in a year with the first brood maturing around mid-summer and the second in the autumn. [1]
E. proxima is one of three closely related species in the Euura proxima group. The other members of the group are,
The following species are inquilines of E. proxima,
This species is found throughout Europe, north to southern Finland and east to the Caucasus. It has been introduced to Australia, North America and New Zealand. [3]
Euura is a genus of sawflies of the family Tenthredinidae, subfamily Nematinae. Some of the larvae feed externally on plants and some form plant galls on willows (Salix species). In the case of the gall-forming species, when the female lays her eggs she injects a stimulant and the gall start to form before the eggs hatch. Most sawfly galls are hard and individual larva tend to inhabit the gall, feeding on the tissue and leave the gall to pupate in the soil. Most of the species are monophages although the type species, Euura mucronata, is polyphagous feeding on over thirty species of willow.
Euura mucronata is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larva feed within galls on the buds of willows. It was first described by Theodor Hartig in 1837.
Euura amerinae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae form galls on bay willow. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.
Euura atra is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed internally on the shoots of willows and do not usually form galls, although it is included in plant gall literature such as British Plant Galls. It was first described by Louis Jurine in 1807. E. atra is one of a number of closely related species known as the Euura atra subgroup.
Euura auritae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae forms galls on willows. It was first described by Jens-Peter Kopelke in 2000. E. auritae is one of a number of closely related species which is known as the Euura atra subgroup.
Euura weiffenbachiella is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae forms galls on creeping willows. E. weiffenbachiella is one of a number of closely related species which is known as the Euura atra subgroup.
Euura salicispurpureae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. It was first described by Jens-Peter Kopelke in 2014. The larvae feed within galls on willows. E. salicispurpureae is one of a number of closely related species known as the Euura atra subgroup.
Euura myrtilloides is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae and the larvae forms galls on swamp willow. It was first described by Jens-Peter Kopelke in 1996. E. myrtilloides is one of a number of closely related species which is known as the Euura atra subgroup.
Euura venusta is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed within the leaf-stalk of willows forming a gall. The sawfly was first described by Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke in 1883.
Euura testaceipes is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed within the leaf-stalk (petiole), or midrib of a leaf, on willows forming a gall. The sawfly was first described by Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke in 1883. E. testaceipes is one of three closely related species known as the Euura amerinae species subgroup. The other members of the group are E. amerinae and E. venusta
Euura triandrae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed on the leaves of almond willow and was first described in 1941.
Euura bridgmanii is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed on the leaves of sallows. It was first described by the entomologist Peter Cameron in 1883.
Euura vesicator is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed internally in a gall on the leaves of purple willow and its hybrids. It was first described by Johann Jacob Bremi-Wolf in 1849.
Euura herbaceae is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of dwarf willow and polar willow. Galls of E. aquilonis are similar and the larvae need to be examined to tell them apart.
Euura aquilonis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of dwarf willow and polar willow. Galls of E. herbaceae are similar and the larvae need to be examined to tell them apart.
Euura crassipes is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae and was first described by Carl Gustaf Thomson in 1871. The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of downy willow.
Euura pedunculi is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larva feed within galls on the leaves of sallows. It was first described by Theodor Hartig in 1837.
Euura viminalis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larva feed within galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
Euura collactanea is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larva feed within galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Arnold Förster in 1854.
Euura arcticornis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae. The larva feed within galls on the leaves of willows. It was first described by Friedrich Wilhelm Konow in 1904.