The Spanish toothcarp, also known as the Spanish toothcarp or Iberian killifish, is a small, endemic species of fish in the family Aphaniidae. Its risk of extinction is one of the greatest of any Iberian vertebrate. Its limited range, coupled with the drastic population decline the species has suffered in the last two decades, has caused it to be placed on endangered species lists, both in Spain and internationally. In addition, habitat fragmentation, likely due to humans, has resulted in this species becoming increasingly stagnant and has led to increased genetic drift. Also found to be contributing to their endangerment was genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrial DNA coupled with A. iberus’s geographic distribution has been able to affect their population genetic structure gradually in different spaces. Its conservation status in the south of the Iberian peninsula has notably worsened.
Aphanius, commonly referred to as Mediterranean killifish, are a genus of the order Cyprinodontiformes. They are found in fresh and brackish waters in the coastal plains of the Mediterranean region.
Esmaeilius vladykovi is a species of killifish in the family Aphaniidae endemic to a restricted area of the central Zagros Mountains of Iran. It can also be found in the aquarium trade. Its specific name honours the zoologist Vadim D. Vladykov (1898-1986) who studied the fishes of the Caspian basin and the person who accepted the species author, Brian W. Coad, as a graduate student.
Anatolichthys danfordii, the Kızılırmak toothcarp or Sultan Sazlığı toothcarp, is a species of killifish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It is endemic to the Kızılırmak River and the upper Seyhan River drainage systems and is now restricted to a few locations in the Sultan Sazlığı marshes. Though little data is available, the population of the fish seems to be declining. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "critically endangered" and fears it may become extinct in the wild if the drainage of the marshes continues.
The Arabian toothcarp, known also as the Arabian toothcarp or mother-of-Pearl fish is a species of killifish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It can be found from the shores of the Red Sea south to Ethiopia, the Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea and along the Persian Gulf east to Pakistan and India. It is also found in the Suez Canal, the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula, and in one location on the Palestinian coast. The former recognized subspecies: A. d. richardsoni, the Dead Sea toothcarp endemic to the Dead Sea has now been raised to a full species as Aphaniops richardsoni.
The Dead Sea toothcarp is a species of toothcarp in the family Aphaniidae that is endemic to the Dead Sea basin. It is threatened by water fluctuation, and the introduction of cichlids and Gambusia. The specific name of this fish honours the Scottish surgeon and naturalist John Richardson (naturalist) (1787-1865) who first reported killifish in the Dead Sea basin. The Dead Sea toothcarp has been on the Red List of the International Union for Conversation of Nature since 2006.
Devario udenii, is a fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae). It is endemic to Sri Lanka. However, the validity of the species description was noted problematic by several other local ichthyologists.
Galaxias supremus, the Kosciuszko galaxias, is a galaxiid of the genus Galaxias, a member of the Mountain Galaxias species complex group of freshwater fish, found in Australia.
The Arak toothcarp is a species of pupfish belonging to the family Cyprinodontidae. Discovered in 2012, it is endemic to the Namak Lake basin in Iran.
The Almiri toothcarp or Almiri killifish is a species of pupfish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It can be found in a handful of brackish springs and marshes in the Peloponnese, Greece. Due to one of the springs being dammed up with rocks in the late 1990s to early 2000s, the IUCN considers the fish to be critically endangered on criteria B1ab and B2ab ; it is possibly extinct at its type locality.
Esmaeilius darabensis, the Kol toothcarp, is a species of killifish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It can be found in the Golabi spring near the city of Darab in the Fars Province, Iran. The species is threatened by droughts and the introduction of invasive species.
Esmaeilius sophiae, the Soffia toothcarp, is a species of killifish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It is native to Iran and Iraq which includes the Kor River basin of the Fars Province in Iran, Namak lake and Tigris River basin. They are one of the subclades of the Inland and Inland-related Aphanius Species (IIRAS) and they are part of the richest of the 3 subclades. They can be found in freshwater but also occur in saline water.
Esmaeilius shirini, the Shirin toothcarp, or Khosroshirin tooth-carp, is a species of pupfish belonging to the family Aphaniidae. It is found in the Khosroshirin stream of the Kor River basin, Fars Province, Iran. The species is threatened by the introduction of the predatory rainbow trout to their habitat. It is harmless to humans.
Betta nuluhon is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in western Sabah on the island of Borneo in Malaysia. The species reaches at least 7.06 cm in standard length. It was described in 2020 by N. S. S. Kamal, H. H. Tan, and Casey K. C. Ng. FishBase does not list this species. It was seen in the Crocker Mountains in Borneo. It is a mouthbrooder.
Apricaphanius is a genus of killifishes in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to northern Africa and southern Europe. All species in the genus have very small distributions and are seriously threatened.
Esmaeilius is a genus of toothcarps in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to Iranian Plateau. Most species in the genus have very small distributions and all are seriously threatened.
Paraphanius is a genus of killifishes in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to western Asia. Several species in the genus have very limited distribution and may be threatened.
Anatolichthys is a genus of toothcarps in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to Asia Minor. Several species in the genus have very limited distribution and may be threatened.
Aphaniops is a genus of killifishes in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to Western Asia and Northeast Africa. Several species in the genus have very limited distribution and may be threatened.
Aphaniidae, the Oriental killifishes, are a family of the order Cyprinodontiformes. The 42 extant species of the family inhabit inland waters, rivers and lagoons. The distribution of these species extends from the entire Mediterranean region throughout the neighboring states of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Several species in this family have very small distributions and are seriously threatened.
