The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was a state within China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CSR included 18 provinces and 4 counties under the communists' control. The CSR's government was located in its largest component territory, the Jiangxi Soviet. Due to the importance of the Jiangxi Soviet in the CSR's early history, the name "Jiangxi Soviet" is sometimes used to refer to the CSR as a whole. Other component territories of the CSR included the Northeastern Jiangxi, Hunan-Jiangxi, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi, Hunan-Western Hubei, Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou, Eyuwan, Shaanxi-Gansu, Sichuan-Shanxi, and Haifeng-Lufeng Soviets.
Encirclement campaigns, officially called in Chinese Communist historiography as the Agrarian Revolutionary War, were the campaigns launched by forces of the Chinese Nationalist Government against forces of the Chinese Communist Party during the early stage of the Chinese Civil War.
The encirclement campaign against the Northeastern Jiangxi Soviet was a campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government intended to destroy the communist Chinese Soviet Republic and its local military forces. It was met by the Communists' Counter-encirclement campaign at Northeastern Jiangxi Soviet, also called the Counter-encirclement campaign at Northeastern Jiangxi Revolutionary Base. The Nationalist campaign lasted from December 1930 to July 1931, and resulted in the destruction of the target base area.
The second encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist government that was intended to destroy the Communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' second counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet, also called by the Communists as the second counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in the border region of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces against the Nationalist attacks from April 1935 to July 1935.
The first encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' first counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet, also called by the communists as the first counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces against the Nationalist attacks from March 1934 to 26 August 1934.
The second encirclement campaignagainst Jiangxi Soviet was a series of battles launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in the hope of encircling and destroying the Jiangxi Soviet after the previous campaign had failed. The Red Army repelled the encirclement by launching their second counter-encirclement campaign, also called by the communists as the second counter-encirclement campaign at Central Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended the Jiangxi Soviet against the Nationalist attacks from April 1, 1931, to May 31, 1931.
The third encirclement campaignagainst Jiangxi Soviet was the third campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in the hope of destroying the Red Army in Jiangxi. It was launched less than a month after the previous campaign failed. However, this encirclement was repelled by the Red Army's third counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Soviet, also called as the third counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Revolutionary Base.
The fourth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet was the fourth campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government in hope to destroy the Red Army in Jiangxi. The Nationalist headquarters in the provincial border of Jiangxi-Guangdong-Fujian organized nearly 400,000 men, and prepared for another major encirclement on the Chinese Soviet Republic. As a response, the Jiangxi Soviet launched the fourth counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Soviet, also called as the fourth counter-encirclement campaign at the Central Revolutionary Base. Although the Red Army achieved victory once again, their counter encirclement was not as successful as the previous ones this time, and the Red Army elsewhere suffered considerable loss when many other Communist bases were lost, including two major ones.
The encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Nationalist government against the Communist Party of China's Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet. The Chinese Red Army successfully defended the Soviet against the Nationalist attacks from January 29 to March 24, 1931.
The encirclement campaign against the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet was a military campaign launched by the Kuomintang Nationalist Government against the communist Soviet force in the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi. It was responded to with the Communists' Counter-encirclement campaign at the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet, also called their Counter-encirclement campaign at the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base. The local red army successfully defended this soviet republic against the government attacks from December 1930 through to May 1931.
The Jiangxi Soviet was a soviet governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that existed between 1931 and 1934. It was the largest component of the Chinese Soviet Republic and home to its capital, Ruijin. At the time, the CCP was engaged in a rural insurgency against the Kuomintang-controlled Nationalist Government as part of the Chinese Civil War. CCP leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De chose to create the soviet in the rugged Jinggang Mountains on the border of Jiangxi and Fujian because of its remote location and defensible terrain. The First Red Front Army successfully repulsed a series of encirclement campaigns by the Kuomintang's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) during the first few years of the Soviet's existence, but they were eventually defeated by the NRA's fifth attempt in 1934-35. After the Jiangxi Soviet was defeated militarily, the CCP began the Long March towards a new base area in the northwest.
The Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet was a Comintern and local communist-led liberated zone in the 1930s south of the Yangtze River, comprising parts of counties in what are now the municipal regions of Yueyang in Hunan, Xianning in Hubei and, in Jiangxi, Jiujiang and Yichun. It was a constituent part of the territorially discontiguous and diplomatically unrecognised Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR). Before the declaration of the CSR in November 1931, the liberated zone had been known to Communists as the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi (Xiang-E-Gan) Revolutionary Base Area (湘鄂赣革命根据地).
The encirclement campaign against Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet was a series of battles launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy communist Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' Counter-encirclement campaign at Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet, also called by the communists as the Counter-encirclement campaign at Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in the southern Jiangxi province against the Nationalist attacks from February, 1935 to August, 1935.
The third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. It was responded by the Communists' third counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet, also called by the communists as the third counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Revolutionary Base, in which the local Chinese Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic in the border region of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces against the Nationalist attacks from August 1935 to October 25, 1935. Some Chinese communist historians also consider the Zhiluozhen Campaign fought a month later as part of this third counter-encirclement campaign at Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet.
The fifth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet was a series of battles fought during the Chinese Civil War from 25 September 1933, to October 1934 between Chiang Kai-shek's Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communists. During this campaign, the Kuomintang successfully overran the communist Chinese Soviet Republic and forced the Communists on the run, an event later known as the Long March.
The encirclement campaign against the Hunan–Western Hubei Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Hunan–Western Hubei Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region. The Communists' responded by launching the Counter-encirclement campaign at Hunan–Western Hubei Soviet, also called by the communists as the Counter-encirclement campaign at Hunan–Western Hubei Revolutionary Base, in which the Nationalist force defeated the local Chinese Red Army and overran the communist base in the southern Hubei and Hunan provinces from November 1930 to January 1931. Since the bulk of the fighting was fought at the second stage of the campaign, concentrated at the heart of the communist base, the Honghu region of Jingzhou, the campaign is therefore also frequently referred as the Fourth encirclement campaign against Honghu Soviet and the Fourth Counter-encirclement campaign at Honghu Revolutionary Base by the communists, or Fourth Counter-encirclement campaign at Honghu Soviet for short.
The fifth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Communist base in the Hubei–Henan–Anhui border region, the Eyuwan Soviet. It was met by the Twenty-fifth Red Army's fifth counter-encirclement campaign. As with the fourth campaign, this campaign ended in a Nationalist victory and the Twenty-fifth Red Army decided in mid-November 1934 to abandon the soviet area and head westwards, joining the Long March.
Ren Bishi was a military and political leader in the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Communist-controlled China or the Revolutionary Base Area, officially called the Soviet Zone from 1927 to 1937, and the Liberated Zone from 1946 to 1949, was the part of the territories of China controlled by the Soviet-backed Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1927 to 1949 during the Republican era and the Chinese Civil War with Nationalist China.
Zhang Huizan was a Lieutenant general in the Chinese National Revolutionary Army.
Nationalist China 
Chinese Red Army