The Long March was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army from advancing Nationalist forces during the Chinese Civil War in 1934 through 1936.
Zhu De was a Chinese general,military strategist,politician and revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Peng Dehuai was a Marshal of the People's Republic of China,and the country's Minister of National Defense from 1954 to 1959. Peng was born into a poor peasant family,and received several years of primary education before his family's poverty forced him to suspend his education at the age of ten,and to work for several years as a manual laborer. When he was sixteen,Peng became a professional soldier. Over the next ten years Peng served in the armies of several Hunan-based warlord armies,raising himself from the rank of private second class to major. In 1926,Peng's forces joined the Kuomintang,and Peng was first introduced to communism. Peng participated in the Northern Expedition,and supported Wang Jingwei's attempt to form a left-leaning Kuomintang government based in Wuhan. After Wang was defeated,Peng briefly rejoined Chiang Kai-shek's forces before joining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP),allying himself with Mao Zedong and Zhu De.
Liu Bocheng was a Chinese military commander and a Marshal of the People's Republic of China.
The Nanchang Uprising was the first major Nationalist Party of China–Chinese Communist Party engagement of the Chinese Civil War,begun by the Chinese Communists to counter the Shanghai massacre of 1927 by the Kuomintang.
The Autumn Harvest Uprising was an insurrection that took place in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces of China,on September 7,1927,led by Mao Zedong,who established a short-lived Hunan Soviet.
The 28 Bolsheviks were a faction in the early Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The faction was formed among Chinese Communists studying at the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow during the late 1920s and early 1930s. They received their nickname because of their strong support for the orthodox political positions advocated by Joseph Stalin and Pavel Mif. The leaders of the faction included Wang Ming,Bo Gu,Luo Fu,He Zishu,Wang Jiaxiang,and Shen Zemin. Sun Yat-sen University closed in 1930 and the students made their way back to China.
Yuan Wencai,also Yuan Xuansan was a former bandit chieftain who operated in the Jinggang Mountains of Jiangxi,from 1923,and then joined the Chinese Communist Party,becoming a protégéof Mao Zedong during their formative period in the Jiangxi Soviet. However,it cost his own life in the following power struggle within the Chinese Communist Party.
Wang Zuo,also Wang Yunhui (王雲輝) or Wang Yunfei (王雲飛),nicknamed Nandougu (南斗牯),was a former bandit chieftain who operated in the Jinggang Mountains of Jiangxi,from 1923,and then joined the Chinese Communist Party,becoming a protégéof Mao Zedong during their formative period in the Jiangxi Soviet. However,this cost him his own life in the following power struggle within the Communist Party of China.
The Zunyi Conference was a meeting of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 1935 during the Long March. This meeting involved a power struggle between the leadership of Bo Gu and Otto Braun and the opposition led by Mao Zedong. The result was that Mao left the meeting in position to take over military command and become the leader of the Communist Party. The conference was completely unacknowledged until the 1950s and still no detailed descriptions were available until the fiftieth anniversary in 1985.
He Long was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and a Marshal of the People's Republic of China. He was from a poor rural family in Hunan,and his family was not able to provide him with any formal education. He began his revolutionary career after avenging the death of his uncle,when he fled to become an outlaw and attracted a small personal army around him. Later his forces joined the Kuomintang,and he participated in the Northern Expedition.
The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927,the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China,was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organizations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang. Following the incident,conservative KMT elements carried out a full-scale purge of communists in all areas under their control,and violent suppression occurred in Guangzhou and Changsha. The purge led to an open split between left-wing and right-wing factions in the KMT,with Chiang Kai-shek establishing himself as the leader of the right-wing faction based in Nanjing,in opposition to the original left-wing KMT government based in Wuhan,which was led by Wang Jingwei. By 15 July 1927,the Wuhan regime had expelled the Communists in its ranks,effectively ending the First United Front,a working alliance of both the KMT and CCP under the tutelage of Comintern agents. For the rest of 1927,the CCP would fight to regain power,beginning the Autumn Harvest Uprising. With the failure and the crushing of the Guangzhou Uprising at Guangzhou however,the power of the Communists was largely diminished,unable to launch another major urban offensive.
The Little Long March was a 600-kilometre (370 mi),two-month withdrawal by left-wing members of the Kuomintang and the National Revolutionary Army up the Gan River and down to the coast,subsequent to the successful mutiny and insurrection at Nanchang on August 1,1927.
The Jiangxi Soviet was a soviet governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that existed between 1931 and 1934. It was the largest component of the Chinese Soviet Republic and home to its capital,Ruijin. At the time,the CCP was engaged in a rural insurgency against the Kuomintang-controlled Nationalist Government as part of the Chinese Civil War. CCP leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De chose to create the soviet in the rugged Jinggang Mountains on the border of Jiangxi and Fujian because of its remote location and defensible terrain. The First Red Front Army successfully repulsed a series of encirclement campaigns by the Kuomintang's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) during the first few years of the Soviet's existence,but they were eventually defeated by the NRA's fifth attempt in 1934-35. After the Jiangxi Soviet was defeated militarily,the CCP began the Long March towards a new base area in the northwest.
The Anti-Bolshevik League incident,or AB League Incident,was a period of political purge in the territory of a Chinese Communist revolutionary base in Jiangxi province. Mao Zedong accused his political rivals of belonging to the Kuomintang intelligence agency "Anti-Bolshevik League". Mao's political purge resulted in killings at Futian and elsewhere,and the trial and execution of Red Army officers and soldiers.
The Futian incident is the common title for the December 1930 purge of a battalion of the Jiangxi-Fujian Soviet's "Red Army" at Futian. The Futian battalion's leaders had mutinied against Mao Zedong's purge of the Jiangxi Action Committee,ordered on the pretext of its alleged connection to the Anti-Bolshevik League and ties to Trotskyism.
Maoping is a township in the Jinggang Mountains and administratively part of Jinggangshan City,in southwestern Jiangxi province,China. It is noted as the location of the headquarters of the 4th Division of the Chinese Red Army and the base of operations of Yuan Wencai. The township is served by China National Highway 319. As of 2018,it has 6 villages under its administration.
He Jian was a Chinese Nationalist (KMT) general and politician in the Republic of China. He was governor of Hunan province between 1929 and 1937,and Interior Minister from 1937 to 1939. He was best known for fighting the Communists,and he once ordered his subordinates to execute Yang Kaihui and Wu Ruolan.
The Battle of Chishui River,popularly known in mainland China as the Four Crossings of the Chishui River or "Crossing the Chishui River Four Times" (四渡赤水),was a major battle between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) in 1935. It was the first major battle commanded by Mao Zedong during the Long March,and it is regarded as one of the most representative battles under Mao's command. This battle was a turning point in the first phase of Chinese Civil War. The Chinese Red Army jumped out of the encirclement of Kuomintang by unexpectedly crossing the Chishui River four times,and eventually survived the anti-communist military campaign of Chiang Kai-shek.
The following is a topical outline of English Wikipedia articles about the history of the Chinese Civil War (1912–1949)
