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On 2 July 2009, Pakatan Rakyat announced a list of its Members of Parliament who would shadow individual ministries. DAP Member of Parliament Tony Pua stated that this front bench would explicitly not be a Shadow Cabinet because the Malaysian Parliament does not recognise the institution of a Shadow Cabinet. [1]
The Democratic Action Party is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, it formed the federal government after defeating Barisan Nasional (BN) in the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending the party's 53 year-long stay in the opposition. However, before the coalition finished its first term, defections from partnering parties caused it to lose power after 22 months, culminating in the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. At the 2022 Malaysian general election, the PH coalition which the DAP was part of was returned to power again, albeit without a majority, leading it to form a unity government with political rivals.
Fong Kui Lun is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bukit Bintang since November 1999 and Klang from October 1990 to April 1995. He is a member of Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR), Barisan Alternatif (BA) as well as Gagasan Rakyat (GR) coalitions. He has also served as the Treasurer-General of DAP since 1999.
M. Kula Segaran s/o V. Murugeson, commonly referred to as Kula, is a Malaysian politician and barrister who has served as the Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Laws and Institutional Reforms in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Azalina Othman Said since December 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipoh Barat since March 2004. He served as the Minister of Human Resources in the PH administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 and the MP for Teluk Intan from May 1997 to November 1999. He is a member and National Vice Chairman of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Barisan Alternatif (BA) coalitions. His appointment as a deputy minister in December 2023 is rare in Malaysian politics since he was a former federal minister in the Seventh Mahathir cabinet back in 2018.
Dato' Seri Ir. Mohammad Nizar bin Jamaluddin is a Malaysian politician and engineer who has served as Member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN) state administrations under Menteris Besar Ahmad Faizal Azumu and Saarani Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH state administration in March 2020 and again since November 2022 as well as Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sungai Rapat since May 2018. He served as the 10th Menteri Besar of Perak from March 2008 to the collapse of the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) state administration in February 2009, MLA for Changkat Jering from May 2013 to May 2018, for Pasir Panjang from March 2008 to May 2013 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Bukit Gantang from April 2009 to May 2013. He is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the PH coalition and was a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a former component party of the PR coalition. He is also presently the sole Perak AMANAH MLA.
Dato' Mohd Zaid bin Ibrahim is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and former Minister in the Prime Minister's Department for Legal Affairs and Judicial Reform. He was previously a Senator in the Dewan Negara, the upper chamber of the Parliament of Malaysia.
Gobind Singh Deo s/o Karpal Singh is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of Digital in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Damansara since November 2022. He served as the Minister of Communications and Multimedia in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 and the MP for Puchong from March 2008 to November 2022. He is a member and National Deputy Chairman of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. Known as the "Little Lion of Puchong", he is the son of the late DAP leader Karpal Singh, who was known as the "Tiger of Jelutong". His brothers Ramkarpal Singh and Jagdeep Singh Deo, are also DAP leaders. He also created history by becoming the first ever Sikh Cabinet minister in Malaysian history.
The People's Alliance was an informal Malaysian political coalition and successor to Barisan Alternatif (BA). The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on 1 April 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election, having previously formed the Barisan Alternatif in the 10th general election. On 20 April 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional, but quit the coalition on 6 May 2011. The DAP declared the coalition "dead" on 16 June 2015, citing the inability of the rest of the alliance to work with PAS, after PAS's congress passed the motion to sever ties with DAP without debate. It was succeeded by Pakatan Harapan and Gagasan Sejahtera.
David Nga Kor Ming is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Minister of Local Government Development in the Anwar Ibrahim Cabinet since December 2022. He served as Deputy Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat under former Speaker Mohamad Ariff Md Yusof from July 2018 to his resignation in July 2020. He was also a member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) state administration under former Menteri Besar Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin from March 2008 to the collapse of the administration in February 2009. He has also served as the Member of Parliament for Teluk Intan since May 2018 and for Taiping from March 2008 to May 2018. He has been a Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly for Kepayang from May 2013 to May 2018, and again since November 2022, for Aulong from May 2018 to November 2022, and for Pantai Remis from November 1999 to March 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. He has also served as National Vice Chairman and 3rd Parliamentary Leader of DAP since March 2022, and State Chairman of DAP of Perak. He served as Deputy Secretary-General of DAP from November 2017 to March 2022.
Sivakumar s/o Varatharaju Naidu, better known as V. Sivakumar, is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Gajah since May 2013. He served as the Minister of Human Resources in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim from December 2022 to December 2023 and Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tronoh from March 2008 to May 2013. He also served as Speaker of the assembly from April 2008 to May 2009. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalitions. He has also served as the Deputy Secretary-General of DAP since November 2017. He was also the sole Cabinet minister of the Indian ethnicity prior to the 2023 cabinet reshuffle.
Dato' Ngeh Koo Ham, also known as James Ngeh, is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Beruas since March 2008. He served as Speaker of the Perak State Legislative Assembly from July 2018 to May 2020 and Member of the assembly (MLA) for Sitiawan from March 2004 to May 2018, Member of the Perak State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) administration under former Menteri Besar Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin from March 2008 to the collapse of the PR administration in February 2009. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of presently the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly PR opposition coalitions. He was also Deputy Secretary-General of DAP, member of the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of DAP and State Chairman of DAP of Perak.
Anthony Loke Siew Fook is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Minister of Transport for the first term in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2022 and previously in the Pakatan Harapan administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Seremban since May 2013, Rasah from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Chennah since May 2013, Lobak from March 2004 to May 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. He has served as the 6th Secretary-General of DAP since March 2022, 2nd Parliamentary Leader of DAP from July 2018 to March 2022 and previously as National Organising Secretary of DAP and Youth Chief of DAP or Chief of Socialist Youth (DAPSY). He was also the Leader of the Opposition of Negeri Sembilan and State Chairman of the PR of Negeri Sembilan.
Chow Kon Yeow is a Malaysian politician, lawyer and journalist who has served as the 5th Chief Minister of Penang since May 2018, Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Padang Kota since March 2008 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Kawan since November 2022. He served as Member of the Penang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administrations under former Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng from March 2008 to his promotion to Chief Ministership in May 2018, MP for Tanjong from November 1999 to May 2013 and again from May 2018 to November 2022 and the MLA for Pengkalan Kota from October 1990 to April 1995. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH and formerly PR coalitions. He has also served as the State Chairman of PH and DAP of Penang since May 2019 as well as the National Vice Chairman of DAP since September 2004. He is presently the only non-Muslim and Chinese head of state government among the 13 Malaysian states.
Tan Kok Wai is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cheras since April 1995. He served as the Special Envoy of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad to China from August 2018 to March 2020 as well as the MP for Sungai Besi from August 1986 to April 1995. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. He has served as the 1st Advisor of DAP since March 2022 and 1st Chairman of PH of Kuala Lumpur since August 2017. He served as the 4th National Chairman of DAP from March 2014 to March 2022 and National Deputy Chairman. He is also presently the longest-serving MP by serving since 1986 for 37 years as of 2023 after Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah failed to be reelected as an MP in 2022.
Datuk Jimmy Wong Sze Phin is a Malaysian politician who served as the State Assistant Minister to the Chief Minister of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to collapse of the WARISAN administration in September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sri Tanjong also from May 2018 to September 2020. He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kota Kinabalu from May 2013 to May 2018. He was a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) opposition coalition. He served as the State Chairman of Sabah from 2013 to 2017 and a Member of Central Executive Committee (CEC) of DAP. He is also father of Justin Wong Yung Bin, the present Sri Tanjong MLA who defended the state seat on behalf of his father in the 2020 state election.
Like several other countries utilizing the parliamentary system, Malaysia employs the use of shadow cabinets to hold the government to account, and to serve as a potential alternate government-in-waiting. However, the shadow cabinet is not officially recognised by the government.
The Alliance of Hope is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been the ruling coalition since November 2022 after it formed the coalition government with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election, and after it won the 2018 Malaysian general election to February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level for 22 months. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election, ending its 60-year-long reign since independence.
Howard Lee Chuan How is a Malaysian politician, activist and chef who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ipoh Timor since November 2022. He is also a member of the Malaysian Foreign Minister's Consultative Council for Foreign Policy, and the sole Member of Parliament to be appointed in the Council. He also serves in the Parliamentary Special Select Committee for Foreign Affairs and International Trade. He is also an Executive Board Member of the Perak State Government Investment Facilitation Agency- Invest Perak.
Tengku Zulpuri Shah bin Raja Puji is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tras since November 2022. He served as Deputy Minister of Water, Land and Natural Resources in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Xavier Jayakumar Arulanandam from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Raub from May 2018 to November 2022, State Leader of the Opposition of Pahang and the MLA for Mentakab from May 2013 to May 2018 and member of the Selayang Municipal Council (MPS). He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. He has served as the Deputy Secretary-General of DAP since March 2022 and is the State Deputy Chairman of Pahang of DAP. He also served as the National Vice Chairman of DAP from November 2017 to March 2022. In addition, he was the sole Malay MP of DAP from 2018 to 2022.
The Shadow Cabinet of Ahmad Zahid Hamidi was established on 26 September 2018. The purpose of this Shadow Cabinet is to provide a check and balance role for Mahathir Mohamad's Pakatan Harapan coalition, which formed a government on 10 May 2018.
The 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis was triggered after several Members of Parliament (MPs) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament changed party support, leading to the loss of a parliamentary majority, the collapse of two successive coalition governments, and the resignation of two Prime Ministers. The political crisis culminated in a 2022 snap general election and eventual formation of a coalition government.
