The Party of Functional Groups,often known by its abbreviation Golkar,is a centre-right big tent political party in Indonesia. It was founded as the Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups in 1964,and participated for the first time in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups. Since 2019,it has been the second-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR) with 85 seats. It is led by Airlangga Hartarto.
The United Development Party is an Islam-based political party in Indonesia. Due to its distinctive logo,the party is known as the "Kaaba Party".
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round,a runoff was held,in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia;prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia,both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,commonly referred to as SBY,is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014 and the second Indonesian President from the military after Suharto. He founded the Democratic Party of Indonesia,he served as the 4th leader of the Democratic Party from 2014 until 2020,8th and 10th Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security Affairs of Indonesia from 2000 until 2001,and again from 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Assembly and chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia's hosting of the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla,commonly referred to by his initials JK,is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th vice president of Indonesia,the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He was unsuccessful as Golkar's presidential nominee in the 2009 presidential election. Before Kalla declared himself as the running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election,a 2012 poll placed his popularity among likely voters in the top three contenders for the presidency and ahead of his own party's nominee Aburizal Bakrie.
Agung Laksono is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is serving as a member of the Presidential Advisory Council since 2019. A member of Golkar,Agung previously served as Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet from 2009 to 2014 and as Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2009.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia,which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation,the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
Muhammad Hatta Rajasa is an Indonesian politician who served as the Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Indonesia from 22 October 2009 to 13 May 2014. A member of the National Mandate Party (PAN),he previously served as Minister Secretary of State (2007–2009),Minister of Transportation (2004–2007),and Minister of State for Research and Technology (2001–2004). He was also general Prabowo Subianto's running mate in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election,with the ticket being backed by a number of parties,including the Gerindra party,National Mandate Party,Prosperous Justice Party,United Development Party,the Crescent Star Party and Golkar.
Andalas University is a public research university in Padang,West Sumatra. Andalas is one of the major public institution of higher learning in Indonesia,and the oldest outside the island of Java. The university is known for its excellence in social sciences and medical program,and has produced numerous distinguished alumni in public and private service. In November 2019,Andalas was ranked fourth best Indonesian research university from a nationwide evaluation conducted by the Ministry of Research and Technology.
Raden Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa,is an Indonesian diplomat and was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet. He served as Indonesia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 5 September 2007 until his latest appointment and has also served as the Indonesian Ambassador to the United Kingdom and as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara was an Indonesian statesman and economist. He served in various roles during his career,including as head of government in the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia,as Minister of Finance in several cabinets,and as the first Governor of Bank Indonesia. Sjafruddin later became the prime minister of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia,a shadow government set up in opposition to the country's central government.
The Natsir Cabinet was the first cabinet formed after the dissolution of the United Republic of Indonesia and returned to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This cabinet was in charge from 6 September 1950 until 20 March 1951.
Darmin Nasution is an Indonesian economist and politician who served as Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs from 2015 to 2019. He was previously Governor of the Bank of Indonesia,serving the role from 2010 to 2013 during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration.
Teuku Mohammad Hasan was an Indonesian politician and national hero from Aceh,who served as the first and only governor of Sumatra from 1945 until 1948. He also served as a cabinet minister in Sjafruddin Prawiranegara's emergency cabinet and was a member of both the Senate of the United States of Indonesia (USI) and the Provisional People's Representative Council (DPRS) of the Republic of Indonesia.
Zaini Abdullah is an Indonesian politician and former separatist activist of the Free Aceh Movement in Indonesia who was elected as the governor of the province of Aceh in the 2012 election for a five-year period from 2012 to 2017. Elected with 56% of the vote,Zaini Abdullah is the second governor directly chosen by the electors of Aceh since the granting of restricted autonomy to the area by the Indonesian government in 2005. His predecessor Irwandi Yusuf,who was elected in 2006 for the period from 2007 to 2012,was the first governor chosen in the province by direct elections.
Major general TNI (Tit.) Dr. Gani or commonly abbreviated as A.K. Gani was an Indonesian doctor,politician,actor and military figure. He served as Deputy Prime Minister in the Cabinet of Amir Sjarifuddin I and the Cabinet of Amir Sjarifuddin II.
Irwan Prayitno is an Indonesian politician who was serving as the governor of West Sumatra province. He was elected in the 2010 and 2015 election for the five-year period 2010–2015 and 2016–2021. Before his election as governor,he served as a member of Indonesia's Parliament (DPR-RI) from the election region of West Sumatra for three consecutive periods.
Lukman Hakim Saifuddin is an Indonesian politician and Muslim scholar who was the Minister of Religious Affairs in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Working Cabinet of President Joko Widodo.
Ipik Gandamana was an Indonesian politician and civil servant who served as the Minister of Home Affairs under Sukarno between 1959 and 1964,and as the Governor of West Java between 1957 and 1959. He began his career as a colonial civil servant in 1926,and had also served as regent and later resident in Bogor and Priangan before his governorship.
