The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position,natural resources,a series of human migrations and contacts,wars and conquests,as well as by trade,economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands stretching along the equator in Southeast Asia. The country's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade;trade has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history. The area of Indonesia is populated by peoples of various migrations,creating a diversity of cultures,ethnicities,and languages. The archipelago's landforms and climate significantly influenced agriculture and trade,and the formation of states. The boundaries of the state of Indonesia match the 20th-century borders of the Dutch East Indies.
Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia (2001–2004) and the country's eighth vice president (1999–2001).
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle is a centre to centre-left secular-nationalist political party in Indonesia. Since 2014,it has been the ruling and largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR),having won 110 seats in the latest election. The party is led by Megawati Sukarnoputri,who served as the president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. It is also the former party of the current president,Joko Widodo (Jokowi).
Elections in Indonesia have taken place since 1955 to elect a legislature. At a national level,Indonesian people did not elect a head of state –the president –until 2004. Since then,the president is elected for a five-year term,as are the 575-member People's Representative Council,the 136-seat Regional Representative Council,in addition to provincial and municipal legislative councils.
The Indonesian Democratic Party was a political party in Indonesia which existed from 1973 to 2003. During the New Order era,the PDI was one of the two state-approved parties,the other being the Islam-based United Development Party (PPP).
Sri Oetari Ratna Dewi was a popular Javanese female Indonesian politician and late wife of currently serving DPRD-DKI Jakarta Ketua (head) Komisi D:Bidang Pembangunan Mr Sayogo Hendro Subroto.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 23 April 1987,to elect 400 of the 500 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR),the national legislature. The election was the fifth legislative election in the country since independence and the fourth legislative election under President Suharto's New Order. The election resulted in an outright majority for Golkar,which retained its status as the ruling party of the country.
Ganjar Pranowo is an Indonesian politician who served as the governor of Central Java between 2013 and 2023. He is a member of the nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). He is a candidate for the 2024 Indonesian presidential elections,running alongside former Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia,Mahfud MD. Previously,he represented Central Java as a national legislator in the People's Representative Council (DPR) for two terms from 2004 until 2009 and 2009 until 2013. He has been described as a left-wing populist.
Puan Maharani Nakshatra Kusyala Devi is an Indonesian politician from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P),who is serving as the current speaker of the House of Representatives (DPR),Indonesia's lower house since 2019. She is the first female and the third-youngest person to take the office permanently,being aged 46,when she took the oath of office. She previously served as the Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs between 2014 and 2019,becoming the first female and the youngest coordinating minister,being only 41 when she took office.
Tjahjo Kumolo was an Indonesian politician. He served as Minister of Home Affairs in the Working Cabinet (2014–2019),and Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform in the Onward Indonesia Cabinet from 2019 until his death,both under President Joko Widodo.
Rustriningsih is an Indonesian politician who served as the Vice Governor of Central Java between 2008 and 2013. Previously,she served two terms as the regent of Kebumen. She was formerly a member of PDI-P,until she left the party around 2014 following her support for Prabowo Subianto in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election.
The Third Congress of the Indonesian Democratic Party was held between 15 –18 April 1986. Planned to end on 17 April 1986,it was extended due to riots which led to the congress's failure to decide on the Indonesian Democratic Party's new Central Executive Council (CEC) for the 1986-1993 period.
Suryadi,alternatively spelled as Soerjadi,was an Indonesian politician who served as the chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party from 1986 until 1998. He became prominent for his faction's involvement in the 27 July 1996 incident,or more commonly known as the Kudatuli incident.
Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata was an Indonesian politician who served as the second chairman of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) from 1975 until 1980. Prior to serving as party chairman,held numerous positions during the presidencies of Sukarno and Suharto,including as governor of West Java,member of the Constitutional Assembly,and cabinet minister in the Djuanda and Ampera cabinets.
The 2013 Central Java gubernatorial election was held on 26 May 2013 to elect both the governor and vice governor of Central Java. The incumbent,Bibit Waluyo,ran for re-election as a member of the Democratic Party,despite being first elected as a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) in 2008. In the election,he faced Ganjar Pranowo of the PDI-P and Hadi Prabowo of the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS),being defeated by the former.
Danny Setiawan is an Indonesian former politician and civil servant who served as the governor of West Java between 2003 and 2008. In 2008,he was arrested and later sentenced to four years in prison for a corruption case,and he was released in 2011.
Raden Muhammad Yogie Suardi Memet was an Indonesian military officer who also served as Minister of Home Affairs under Suharto between 1993 and 1998,and as Governor of West Java between 1985 and 1993. He was also commander of the special forces unit Kopassandha and of the Siliwangi Military Region.
Ali Mufiz is an Indonesian academician and politician who served as the governor of Central Java between September 2007 and August 2008. Prior to becoming governor,he had served for four years as vice governor under Mardiyanto between 2003 and 2007.
Mardijo was an Indonesian politician. He was the speaker of the Central Java Regional People's Representative Council between 1999 and 2004,and was a gubernatorial candidate for the province in 2003. He was a member of PDI-P and later joined the Democratic Renewal Party.
Soewardi was an Indonesian military officer and politician who served as the Governor of Central Java between 1993 and 1998. He served in the Indonesian Army and was commanders of the Sriwijaya and Udayana Military Regions prior to his tenure as governor.
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