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Beowulf is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars;the only certain dating is for the manuscript,which was produced between 975 and 1025. Scholars call the anonymous author the "Beowulf poet". The story is set in pagan Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf,a hero of the Geats,comes to the aid of Hrothgar,the king of the Danes,whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by the monster Grendel. After Beowulf slays him,Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then defeated. Victorious,Beowulf goes home to Geatland and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later,Beowulf defeats a dragon,but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death,his attendants cremate his body and erect a barrow on a headland in his memory.
In prosody,alliterative verse is a form of verse that uses alliteration as the principle ornamental device to help indicate the underlying metrical structure,as opposed to other devices such as rhyme. The most commonly studied traditions of alliterative verse are those found in the oldest literature of the Germanic languages,where scholars use the term 'alliterative poetry' rather broadly to indicate a tradition which not only shares alliteration as its primary ornament but also certain metrical characteristics. The Old English epic Beowulf,as well as most other Old English poetry,the Old High German Muspilli,the Old Saxon Heliand,the Old Norse Poetic Edda,and many Middle English poems such as Piers Plowman,Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,and the Alliterative Morte Arthur all use alliterative verse.
Burton Nathan Raffel was an American writer,translator,poet and professor. He is best known for his vigorous translation of Beowulf,still widely used in universities,colleges and high schools. Other important translations include Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote,Poems and Prose from the Old English,The Voice of the Night:Complete Poetry and Prose of Chairil Anwar,The Essential Horace,Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel and Dante's The Divine Comedy.
Germanic philology is the philological study of the Germanic languages,particularly from a comparative or historical perspective.
Winfred Philip Lehmann was an American linguist who specialized in historical,Germanic,and Indo-European linguistics. He was for many years a professor and head of departments for linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin,and served as president of both the Linguistic Society of America and the Modern Language Association. Lehmann was also a pioneer in machine translation. He lectured a large number of future scholars at Austin,and was the author of several influential works on linguistics.
Mark Aronoff,a native of Montreal,Quebec,is a morphologist and distinguished professor at Stony Brook University. The editor of Language from 1995 to 2001 and president of the Linguistic Society of America in 2005,he has been elected a fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Anatoly Liberman is a linguist,medievalist,etymologist,poet,translator of poetry,and literary critic.
Edgar Ghislain Charles Polomé was a Belgian-born American philologist and religious studies scholar. He specialized in Germanic and Indo-European studies and was active at the University of Texas at Austin for much of his career.
David V. Erdman was an American literary critic,editor,and Professor Emeritus of English at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Professor Erdman established his reputation as a William Blake scholar.
Weldon South Coblin,Jr. is an American Sinologist,linguist,and educator,best known for his studies of Chinese linguistics and Tibetan.
Rolf Hendrik Bremmer is a Dutch academic. He is professor of Old and Middle English,and extraordinary professor of Old Frisian,at Leiden University.
Dr. Robert Allen Fowkes was a noted American linguist,specializing in Indo-European Historical Linguistics and philology.
Donald K. "Don" Fry was an American writer and scholar. He began as a scholar of Old and Middle English literature at the University of Virginia and Stony Brook University. He changed fields to journalism education in 1984,joining the Poynter Institute of Media Studies in St. Petersburg,Florida,a journalism think-tank. In 1994,he became an independent writing coach.
Martin Puhvel was a Canadian literature researcher.
John D. Niles is an American scholar of medieval English literature best known for his work on Beowulf and the theory of oral literature.
Roberta Frank is an American philologist specializing in Old English and Old Norse language and literature. She is the Marie Borroff Professor Emeritus of English at Yale University.
Colin Robert Chase was an American academic. An associate professor of English at the University of Toronto,he was known for his contributions to the studies of Old English and Anglo-Latin literature. His best-known work,The Dating of Beowulf,challenged the accepted orthodoxy of the dating of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf—then thought to be from the latter half of the eighth century—and left behind what was described in A Beowulf Handbook as "a cautious and necessary incertitude".
Robert Dennis Fulk is an American philologist and medievalist who is Professor Emeritus of English and Germanic Studies at Indiana University Bloomington.
Leonard Neidorf is an American philologist who is Professor of English at Nanjing University. Neidorf specializes in the study of Old English and Middle English literature,and is a known authority on Beowulf.
Seiichi Suzuki is a Japanese philologist who is Professor of Old Germanic Studies at Kansai Gaidai University.
References
- 1 2 "Russom, Geoffrey". Brown University . Retrieved March 24, 2021.
- 1 2 "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Brown University . Retrieved March 24, 2021.
