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Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the south, and the North Sea to the west. It covers an area of 30,689 km2 (11,849 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11.5 million, making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe, with a density of 376/km2 (970/sq mi). Belgium is part of an area known as the Low Countries, historically a somewhat larger region than the Benelux group of states, as it also included parts of northern France. The capital and largest metropolitan region is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur, and Leuven.
Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region, located less than 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the south. Historically Dutch-speaking, Brussels saw a language shift to French from the late 19th century. Nowadays, the Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual in French and Dutch, although French is the majority language and lingua franca. Brussels is also increasingly becoming multilingual. English is spoken widely and many migrants and expatriates speak other languages as well.
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Barbare "Varia" Kipiani was the first Georgian trained as a psychophysiologist and is recognized as a pioneering woman scholar of Georgia. Born into a noble family, Kipiani and her sisters were raised by her father after her parents' divorce. After graduating from St. Nino's School in Tbilisi in 1899, she taught in a school in Khoni for two years. Moving to Belgium, where her father had relocated, she entered the medical faculty of the Free University of Brussels in 1902. Unable to afford her tuition, Kipiani was mentored by Polish academic, Józefa Joteyko, who paid her school fees and allowed her to work in a laboratory. She wrote a paper titled "L'ergographie du sucre", which evaluated the use of sugar in alleviating fatigue. Her study won a silver medal from the Association des chimistes de France et des colonies in 1906. After completing her coursework in the medical faculty in 1907, Kipiani lectured at various universities and continued research with Joteyko on nutrition and fatigue. They jointly were awarded the Vernois Prize of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1908 for their work on vegetarianism.
References
- ↑ Georgians in Belgium Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on December 9, 2011.
- ↑ Georgians en Belgique on Facebook
- ↑ Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012). "ბარბარე (ვარია) ნოკოლოზის ასული ყიფიანი" [Barbara (Varia) daughter of Nikoloz Kipiani]. Members of the Society for Spreading Literacy among Georgians (in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: National Parliamentary Library of Georgia. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
- ↑ Despy-Meyer, Andrée (1980). Les femmes et l'enseignement supérieur : l'Université libre de Bruxelles de 1880 à 1914, Bruxelles: Université libre de Bruxelles (PDF) (Report) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Service des archives, Université libre de Bruxelles. p. Liste des étudiantes, 45 (80 pdf). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2021.
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