German submarine U-3 (1935)

Last updated

U 1 Kriegsmarine.jpg
U-1, the first Type II boat
History
War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg Nazi Germany
NameU-3
Ordered2 February 1935
Builder Deutsche Werke, Kiel [1]
Cost1,500,000 Reichsmark
Yard number238
Laid down11 February 1935
Launched19 July 1935
Commissioned6 September 1935
Stricken1 August 1944 at Gotenhafen
FateStricken, 1 August 1944. Scrapped 1945
Badge Logo u 1308.png
General characteristics
Class and type Type IIA coastal submarine
Displacement
  • 254  t (250 long tons) surfaced
  • 303 t (298 long tons) submerged
  • 381 t (375 long tons) total
Length
Beam
  • 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a)
  • 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull)
Height8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught3.83 m (12 ft 7 in)
Installed power
  • 700  PS (510 kW; 690 shp) (diesels)
  • 360 PS (260 kW; 360 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced
  • 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph) submerged
Range
  • 1,050 nmi (1,940 km; 1,210 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced
  • 35 nmi (65 km; 40 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth80 m (260 ft)
Complement3 officers, 22 men
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 01 385
Commanders:
  • Oblt.z.S. Hans Meckel
  • 6 August 1935 – 29 September 1937
  • Kptlt. Ernst-Günter Heinicke
  • 30 September 1937 – July 1938
  • Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Joachim Schepke
  • 29 October 1938 – 2 January 1940
  • Kptlt. Gerd Schreiber
  • 3 January – 28 July 1940
  • Kptlt. Helmut Franzke
  • 29 July – 10 November 1940
  • Kptlt. Otto von Bülow
  • 11 November 1940 – 2 July 1941
  • Oblt.z.S. Hans-Hartwig Trojer
  • 3 July 1941 – 2 March 1942
  • Oblt.z.S. Joachim Zander
  • 3 March – 30 September 1942
  • Oblt.z.S. Herbert Zoller
  • 1 October 1942 – 18 May 1943
  • Oblt.z.S. Ernst Hartmann
  • 19 May 1943 – 9 June 1944
  • Lt.z.S. Hermann Neumeister [2]
  • 10 June – 16 July 1944
Operations:
  • 5 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • 4 – 8 September 1939
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 13 – 24 September 1939
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 27 September – 3 October 1939
  • 4th patrol:
  • 16 – 29 March 1940
  • 5th patrol:
  • 12 – 19 April 1940
Victories: 2 merchant ships sunk
(2,348  GRT)

German submarine U-3 was a Type IIA U-boat laid down at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel on 11 February 1935 as yard number 238. She was commissioned into the Kriegsmarine on 6 August 1936 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Hans Meckel. [2]

Contents

U-3 carried out a total of five combat patrols; she sank two ships while under the command of Joachim Schepke. During April 1940, she was part of the fleet that supported the German invasion of Norway, Operation Weserübung.

As the Type II submarines were too small for combat duty in the Atlantic Ocean, she was assigned to the Baltic for training duties with the 21st U-boat Flotilla, a training outfit.

Emblem

U-3 is known to have had three emblems; one was an oak leaf, with an anchor and a dagger. She also shared this emblem with U-29, U-120, U-747, U-1274 and U-1308. [3]

Design

German Type II submarines were based on the Finnish submarine Vesikko. U-3 had a displacement of 254 tonnes (250 long tons) when at the surface and 303 tonnes (298 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however. [4] The U-boat had a total length of 40.90 m (134 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 27.80 m (91 ft 2 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.83 m (12 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 360 metric horsepower (260 kW; 360 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft). [4]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). [4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 1,600 nautical miles (3,000 km; 1,800 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-3 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of 25. [4]

Operational history

First and second patrols

The boat's first patrol was relatively uneventful.

Her second sortie was toward the British east Anglian coast.

Third patrol

She sank the Danish ship Vendia and the Swedish vessel Gun for a total of 2,348  gross register tons  (GRT) on 30 September 1939.

U-3 closed Vendia and as was common practice in the early days of the war, ordered her to stop after a few warning shots were fired. The ship's fate is disputed. The German submariners said the Danish vessel tried to ram the U-boat. The ship's crew were convinced she swung with the strength of the wind. A torpedo was fired which hit the vessel and sank her.

The Gun was attacked in the Skagerrak 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) northwest of Hanstholm. By now wary from the experience with Vendia, the U-boat sent a boarding party to the Swedish ship, but was obliged to dive by the arrival of HMS Thistle. U-3 fired a torpedo at the British submarine, which missed; indeed they were not aware they had been targeted. The Thistle left the area and came across a lifeboat from Gun, telling the Swedes in it to return to their ship as she was still afloat. The German boarding party had left the ship in a lifeboat, but were picked up by the Danish merchant ship Dagmar. U-3 recovered them and put a torpedo into the empty Gun, sinking her.

Fourth and fifth patrols

Patrol number four was also quiet, but number five was enlivened by another British submarine, HMS Porpoise, firing six torpedoes 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) west of Egersund at the U-boat on 16 April 1940. They were originally thought to have been aimed at U-1, but the attack caused no damage.

Fate

U-3 was stricken on 1 August 1944 in Gotenhafen. She was captured by Great Britain on 3 May 1945 and scrapped that same year.

Summary of raiding history

DateNameNationalityTonnage
(GRT)
Fate [5]
30 September 1939 Vendia Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 1,150Sunk
1 October 1939 Gun Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1,198Sunk

Related Research Articles

German submarine <i>U-47</i> (1938) World War II German submarine

German submarine U-47 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 25 February 1937 at Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 582 and went into service on 17 December 1938 under the command of Günther Prien.

German submarine U-262 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine U-549 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 28 September 1942 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg, launched on 28 April 1943, and commissioned on 14 July 1943 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Detlev Krankenhagen. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the U-boat was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on 1 January 1944.

German submarine <i>U-7</i> (1935) German World War II submarine

German submarine U-7 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, based out of Kiel during World War II. It was one of the smaller versions, and was first launched on 29 June 1935 with a crew of 29. Its first commander was Kurt Freiwald. U-7 would have 16 commanders over the course of its service, the last being Günther Loeschcke.

German submarine U-98 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II, operating from March 1941 until she was sunk in November 1942.

German submarine <i>U-502</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-502 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 2 April 1940 at the Deutsche Werft yard in Hamburg with yard number 292, launched on 18 February 1941 and commissioned on 31 May under the command of Kapitänleutnant Jürgen von Rosenstiel.

German submarine U-34 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine U-481 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 6 February 1943 at the Deutsche Werke yard in Kiel, launched on 25 September 1943, and commissioned on 10 November 1943 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Ewald Pick.

German submarine <i>U-41</i> (1939) German World War II submarine

The German submarine U-41 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She conducted three war patrols during her short career, two as part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla and one as part of the 2nd flotilla. U-41 also sank five enemy vessels for a total of 22,815 gross register tons (GRT); captured two more for a total of 2,073 GRT and damaged one other of 8,096 GRT.

German submarine <i>U-83</i> (1940) German World War II submarine

German submarine U-83 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

SM UB-37 was a German Type UB II submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 22 July 1915 and launched on 28 December 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 17 June 1916 as SM UB-37.

German submarine U-177 was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 November 1940, at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen, as yard number 1017. She was launched on 1 October 1941, and commissioned on 14 March 1942, under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Schulze. After a period of training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla at Stettin, the boat was transferred to the 10th flotilla on 1 October 1942, and based at Lorient, for front-line service, she was then reassigned to the 12th flotilla at Bordeaux on 1 December.

German submarine <i>U-29</i> (1936) German World War II submarine

German submarine U-29 was a Type VIIA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine <i>U-2336</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-2336 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine <i>U-450</i> German world war II submarine

German submarine U-450 was a Type VIIC U-boat in the service of Nazi Germany during World War II.

German submarine U-141 was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 12 December 1939 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 270. She was launched on 27 July 1940 and commissioned on 21 August 1940 with Oberleutnant zur See Heinz-Otto Schultze in command.

German submarine U-146 was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarineduring World War II. Her keel was laid down on 30 March 1940 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 275. She was launched on 21 September 1940 and commissioned on 30 October with Eberhart Hoffmann in command.

German submarine U-370 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

German submarine U-868 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in the Second World War. The ship was ordered on 25 August 1941 and laid down on 11 March 1943. She was launched on 18 August 1943, at Bremen, Germany. She had two commanders over her operational lifespan, for the period from 23 December 1943 until 21 July 1944 it was Kapitänleutnant Dietrich Rauch, then Oberleutnant zur See Eduard Turre for the period from 22 July 1944 until 9 May 1945.

German submarine <i>U-1274</i> German World War II submarine

German submarine U-1274 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was ordered on 13 June 1942, and was laid down on 21 June 1943 by Vegesacker Werft AG, Bremen as yard number 69, launched on 25 January 1944 and commissioned on 1 March 1944 under Oberleutnant zur See Fedor Kuscher.

References

  1. Rössler 1979, p. 99.
  2. 1 2 Busch & Röll 1999, p. 283.
  3. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Emblems". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 39–40.
  5. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-3". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 29 December 2014.

Bibliography