Gil Penalosa | |
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![]() Penalosa in 2016 | |
Born | Guillermo Peñalosa 1956 or 1957 |
Nationality | Canadian |
Occupation | Urban planner |
Known for | Revitalization of the Ciclovía |
Children | 3 |
Parents |
|
Relatives | Enrique Peñalosa (brother) |
Website | Official website |
Guillermo Penalosa (born 1956or1957) is a Canadian urbanist who was the runner-up in the 2022 Toronto mayoral election to Mayor John Tory.
Originally from Colombia, he was Bogotá's commissioner of parks and recreation from 1995 to 1998 and oversaw the popularization of the Ciclovía open-streets event. After moving to Canada in 1998 as Colombia's trade commissioner, he founded the non-profit 8 80 Cities, which promotes a people-centered urban design philosophy.
Penalosa ran in the 2022 Toronto mayoral election, finishing second to incumbent mayor John Tory. After Tory's resignation in February 2023, Penalosa announced that he would run again in the subsequent mayoral by-election, but later dropped out of the race in April 2023 and endorsed Olivia Chow. [1]
Penalosa was born in 1956or1957 in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. [2] [3] [4] His mother Cecilia Londoño was a garden designer and his father, Enrique Peñalosa Camargo was a liberal government official who would serve as Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations at the 1976 UN Habitat Conference on Human Settlement in Vancouver, and later as the country's Permanent Representative to the UN from 1987 to 1990. [2] [3] [5] His brother, Enrique Peñalosa, would later become Mayor of Bogotá, and run in the 2014 presidential election as the candidate for the Green Alliance. [2] The pair left Colombia and spent part of their childhood in the United States because of their father's diplomatic positions. [5]
In 1984, Penalosa earned a Master of Business Administration from University of California, Los Angeles. [4]
After earning his MBA from UCLA, Penalosa moved back to Colombia and became the president of a broadcasting company that operated a television station. [3] [5] In 1994, he worked on his brother Enrique Peñalosa's unsuccessful campaign to be Mayor of Bogotá. [3] After losing, the newly elected Antanas Mockus reached out to Penalosa and appointed him as the capital city's commissioner of parks and recreation in 1995. [3] [6]
In that position, Penalosa revitalized the Ciclovía open-streets public event that had existed since 1976. [7] At the time, the event only covered a few miles, attracted a few thousand attendees, and was at risk of being shut down. [6] [8] The city's transportation department was worried that expanding the program would hinder traffic and make it even more unpopular. However, Penalosa was allowed to try and improve the event. The first year, he expanded the event to 15 miles (24 km) and with the help of contacts from his former career as a media executive, attracted approximately 40,000 attendees. Penalosa said that he was inspired by Frederick Law Olmsted's egalitarian ideals for designing Central Park in New York City. [6] The program declared roads to be open for any non-motorized public use on Sundays and holidays from 7:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., with cars restricted to certain routes. [7] Besides cycling, the roads can also be used for exercise sessions, dance parties, pop-up retail, exhibitions, and picnics. [7]
Penalosa also opened or rebuilt more than 100 parks in Bogotá during his time as parks commissioner. [9] Most of these parks were in poorer neighbourhoods, and together with later improvements during his brother Enrique's mayorship such as improving pavements and the TransMilenio rapid bus network, the brothers' agenda of devoting resources to poorer neighbourhoods is credited with a large decline in crime rates in the city. [10]
In 1997, Penalosa served as campaign manager for his brother Enrique's successful second run for the mayorship. [3] His tenure as Bogotá parks commissioner ended in 1998. [4] After the campaign, he was hired by the city's chamber of commerce as an advisor on urban issues. [3] The Ciclovía would be kept running with increased during his brother Enrique's mayorship, which started in 1998. [9] During Penalosa's tenure, the program expanded from 140,000 riders over 8 miles (13 km) to 70 miles (110 km) and over 2 million participants. The program was funded by private sponsors, a tax on city phone bills, and a city-run volunteer program. [11] As of 2013 [update] , the program encompassed 120 kilometres (75 mi). [7] Its popularity led to similar programs by other major cities, including New York City, whose Department of Transportation commissioner, Janette Sadik-Khan, was inspired by the Ciclovía to launch the SummerStreet program in 2008. [5] [9]
In 1998, Penalosa was appointed as Colombia's trade commissioner to Canada, and moved with his wife and kids, initially only planning to stay for two years to expose his kids to English. [2] [3] In summer 2001, prosecutors in Colombia issued an arrest warrant for Penalosa after he failed to appear for questioning over an allegedly improperly extended 1995 contract for the Salitre Mágico park awarded to a company linked to his family shortly before he became parks commissioner. At the time of the warrant, he was still a director of Proexport, the body in charge of Colombia trade relations in Canada. [12] [13] [14] As of September 2022 [update] , the investigation was no longer active. Penalosa described the incident as a political smear campaign by opponents of his brother. [4]
Penalosa later switched to a career working for the City of Mississauga. [2] In 2005, Penalosa founded the non-profit organization 8 80 Cities, which promotes urban design and is named for his design maxim that well-designed cities should work for both 8-year olds and 80-year olds. [2] In 2013, Penalosa started an urban design consulting firm. [4] As of October 2022 [update] , Penalosa has consulted for over 350 cities, including Seville and Guadalajara, on urban design issues such as improving pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, accessible surface public transport, and urban parks. [5] [15]
Around 2014, 8 80 Cities, in partnership with the Ontario government, launched the Open Streets project that held events closing roads in favour of pedestrians and recreational uses like cycling and jobbing in Kingston, Toronto, Thunder Bay and Windsor. [2] In Toronto, Penalosa worked with Councillor Kristyn Wong-Tam to bring a Ciclovía-style event to the city. [7]
Penalosa was the inaugural chair for World Urban Parks from 2015 to 2018, when he was appointed as the organization's ambassador. [16] In 2016, Penalosa publicly criticized Hamilton City Councillor Lloyd Ferguson and called on him to apologize for saying that Bogotá should be not be used as a benchmark for Hamilton's infrastructure plans because the only wealthy people there are drug lords. While Hamilton Mayor Fred Eisenberger reached out to one of Penalosa's successors as trade commissioner at the Toronto consulate, Ferguson instead offered to talk to Penalosa about his experiences in Colombia. [17]
Penalosa's urban design philosophy centres people instead of cars. [2] Former New York City Department of Transportation commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan described Penalosa as "the Pied Piper for sustainable transportation" because of frequent travel to pitch his urbanist ideas. [2] Penalosa has been a proponent of promoting bicycle culture by building extensive cycling infrastructure, and supports building physically-separated cycle tracks, because bike lanes are not safe enough. [18]
Penalosa is known for his 8 80 design philosophy, which uses 8-year olds and 80-year olds as a sort of indicator species to assess if a city works well, because if it works for them, it should work for everyone else. [19] For example, with respect to infrastructure safety, if 8-year olds or 80-year olds could not use the infrastructure because of safety concerns, then it needs to be reworked. [18]
Penalosa is credited with the quotation: "If there aren't as many women as men [cycling], the usually it's because cycling is not safe enough. It's an indicator that you do not have good enough cycling infrastructure." [20] While there is a direct correlation between good cycling infrastructure and increased female participation in urban cycling, this position has received criticism for reducing a complex socio-spatial framework into a simplistic focus on traffic safety. [20]
For the 2018 mayoral election, Penalosa endorsed former Chief City Planner Jennifer Keesmaat, whom also came in second. [21] In July 2022, Penalosa announced that he would run in the Toronto mayoral election that October. [22] He came in second, with just under 18 per cent of the vote, losing to incumbent Mayor John Tory. [23]
Following Tory's resignation in February 2023, Penalosa announced he would run again in the subsequent mayoral by-election on the same platform. [23] Later on April 19, 2023, he announced he would not file his candidacy, and endorsed Olivia Chow. [1]
Penalosa has proposed a number of policy solutions to address Toronto's housing crisis. Penalosa is an advocate for city density and "wants to give homeowners the right to legally create up to six units in their homes." Penalosa aims to legalize rooming houses. [24]
Penalosa also supports rent control and improving the RentSafeTo program by introducing colour coded RentSafe signs. [25]
Penalosa would impose an outright ban on gas-powered leaf blowers due to their noise pollution and air pollution. [26]
Penalosa committed to legalizing alcohol consumption in city parks within his first 100 days in office. [27]
Penalosa is married with three adult children, and lives with his wife in Roncesvalles, Toronto. He does not own a car and primarily bikes for personal transportation. [2] Penalosa was a nationally competitive tennis player in Colombia as a child. [3]
In 2014, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences's Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production awarded Penalosa an honorary doctorate for his work promoting open and green spaces in urban design. [28] In 2017, readers of Planetizen , an American planning news site, voted Penalosa as the 44th most influential urban designer. [29]
Mayoral Candidate | Vote | % |
---|---|---|
John Tory | 342,158 | 62.00 |
Gil Penalosa | 98,525 | 17.85 |
Chloe-Marie Brown | 34,821 | 6.31 |
Blake Acton | 8,893 | 1.61 |
27 other candidates | 67,493 | 12.22 |
Total | 551,890 | 100.00 |
Bogotá, officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá during the Spanish Colonial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, and one of the largest cities in the world. The city is administered as the Capital District, as well as the capital of, though not part of, the surrounding department of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the main political, economic, administrative, industrial, cultural, airport, technological, scientific, healthcare and educational center of the country and northern South America.
Aurelijus Rūtenis Antanas Mockus Šivickas is a Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician. He has a master's degree in philosophy from the National University of Colombia, and a Honoris Causa PhD from the University of Paris.
John Howard Tory is a Canadian broadcaster, businessman, and former politician who served as the 65th mayor of Toronto from 2014 to 2023. He served as leader of the Official Opposition in Ontario from 2005 to 2007 while he was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 2004 to 2009.
A bike path or a cycle path is a bikeway separated from motorized traffic and dedicated to cycling or shared with pedestrians or other non-motorized users. In the US a bike path sometimes encompasses shared use paths, "multi-use path", or "Class III bikeway" is a paved path that has been designated for use by cyclists outside the right of way of a public road. It may or may not have a center divider or stripe to prevent head-on collisions. In the UK, a shared-use footway or multi-use path is for use by both cyclists and pedestrians.
Luis Eduardo Garzón is the former Mayor of Bogotá (2004–2007), a left-wing Colombian political activist and a former union leader. He is a former member of the Alternative Democratic Pole (PDA). In 2009 Garzón joined forces with former Mayors Enrique Peñalosa and Antanas Mockus to re-found the Green Party, an eco-oriented political movement.
Ciclovía, also ciclovia or cyclovia, is a Spanish term that means "cycleway", either a permanent bike path or the temporary closing of certain streets to automobiles for cyclists and pedestrians, a practice sometimes called open streets.
Enrique Peñalosa Londoño is a Colombian politician. He was mayor of Bogotá from 1998 until 2001 and elected again in 2015 for the 2016–2019 term.
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The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) is a non-governmental non-profit organization that focuses on developing bus rapid transit (BRT) systems, promoting biking, walking, and non-motorized transport, and improving private bus operators margins. Other programs include parking reform, traffic demand management, and global climate and transport policy. According to its mission statement, ITDP is committed to "promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide."
Walter B. Hook is an urban planner and expert in the field of sustainable transportation policy and practice. Since 2015, Dr. Hook has been a Principal at BRT Planning International, LLC, a boutique BRT planning firm. From 1993 until 2014, Hook worked as the Chief Executive Officer for the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP), a nonprofit agency that promotes environmentally sustainable and equitable transportation policies and projects in the developing world. Under the auspices of ITDP, Hook worked on the design and implementation of numerous bus rapid transit (BRT) systems in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and is considered a leading expert on BRT design and policy. He collaborated extensively with Enrique Peñalosa, former mayor of Bogotá, Colombia, and creator of the TransMilenio, one of the world's premier BRT systems. Additionally, Hook has campaigned for sustainable transport and urban planning practices in the U.S.
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bogotá, Colombia.
Jennifer Keesmaat is a Canadian real estate developer and urban planner who served as Chief City Planner of Toronto from 2012 to 2017 and the runner-up in the 2018 Toronto mayoral election to Mayor John Tory, where she won 23.6% of the vote and lost to Tory in each of Toronto's 25 wards.
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Alfonso Dávila Ortiz was a Colombian civil engineer, diplomat, businessman and forester, former ambassador to Spain and Kuwait, Chargé d'Affaires in the United States of America, Governor of the Province of Cundinamarca, President of the Colombian Banker’s Association, twice President of the Colombian Association of Engineers, Councilor of the city of Bogotá, lifelong President of Bogotá’s Jockey Club and member of Colombia’s National Council of Public Works.
Tactical urbanism, also commonly referred to as guerrilla urbanism, pop-up urbanism, city repair, D.I.Y. urbanism, planning-by-doing, urban acupuncture, and urban prototyping, is a low-cost, temporary change to the built environment, usually in cities, intended to improve local neighbourhoods and city gathering places.
The Thomas van der Hammen Natural Reserve or Thomas van der Hammen Forest Reserve is an area of the Bogotá savanna that is under environmental protection. The natural reserve was declared as such in year 2000 by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable development. It takes its name from the Dutch-Colombian geologist Thomas van der Hammen who devoted his life to the research of the region. The surface area of the protected reserve is approximately 1,395 hectares and it is located in the north of Bogotá.
The 2022 Toronto mayoral election was held on October 24, 2022, to elect the mayor of Toronto. The election took place alongside the 2022 Toronto municipal election, which elected city councillors and school board trustees. John Tory was re-elected for a third term as mayor, defeating urbanist Gil Penalosa and 29 other candidates.
The 2022 Toronto municipal election was held on October 24, 2022, to elect the mayor and 25 city councillors in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In addition, school trustees were elected to the Toronto District School Board, Toronto Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire Viamonde and Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir. The election was held in conjunction with those held in other municipalities in the province of Ontario.
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