Gilgandra, New South Wales

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Gilgandra
New South Wales
Gilgandra.JPG
The main street of Gilgandra, 2008
Australia New South Wales location map blank.svg
Red pog.svg
Gilgandra
Coordinates 31°42′0″S148°40′0″E / 31.70000°S 148.66667°E / -31.70000; 148.66667
Population3,126 (2016 census) [1]
Established1888
Postcode(s) 2827
Elevation282 m (925 ft) [2]
Location
  • 460 km (286 mi) NW of Sydney
  • 66 km (41 mi) from Dubbo
  • 85 km (53 mi) E of Warren
LGA(s) Gilgandra Shire
State electorate(s) Barwon
Federal division(s) Parkes
Mean max temp [2] Mean min temp [2] Annual rainfall
24.7 °C
76 °F		9.9 °C
50 °F		566.3 mm
22.3 in

Gilgandra is a country town in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia, and services the surrounding agricultural area where wheat is grown extensively together with other cereal crops, and sheep and beef cattle are raised. [3] The town is the administrative seat of the Gilgandra Shire. [4]

Contents

Sited at the junction of the Newell, Oxley and Castlereagh highways, Gilgandra is located in a wide bend of the Castlereagh River, downstream from its source near Coonabarabran, directly downstream from Mendooran, and upstream from Gulargambone and Coonamble. [5] It is 432 km north-west of Sydney (about six hours' driving time), and is located approximately half way along the inland route from Melbourne to Brisbane. It is known as the town of windmills and the home of the "Coo-ees", and is a gateway to the Warrumbungles National Park.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19542,032—    
19612,245+10.5%
19662,414+7.5%
19712,555+5.8%
19762,494−2.4%
19812,700+8.3%
19862,713+0.5%
19912,890+6.5%
19962,822−2.4%
20012,721−3.6%
20062,679−1.5%
20112,664−0.6%
20162,595−2.6%
20212,417−6.9%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics data. [6] [7]

At the 2016 census, the population of Gilgandra township was 2,600. In the wider Gilgandra area, the population was 4,300, with 96.4% Australian-born and 13.8% identifying as Aboriginal. The largest category of employment was Agriculture and Forestry, which involved 28.6% of the population. [8]

Castlereagh Waterhole

The name Gilgandra came from Aboriginal word for the area, and means "long waterhole". [9] The water level in the Castlereagh River is variable and the wide, sandy riverbed is frequently dry, or is reduced to a small stream. [10] However, there was a large permanent waterhole in the river, 100 yards (91 m) long and 12 feet (3.7 m) deep, near where the township developed, and for many years subsequently. [11] It was the source of the town's name.

Windmills and Artesian Water

Gilgandra is situated above the subterranean water of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) and, specifically, over the Surat Sub-basin of the GAB. [12] Artesian water occurs where porous rocks below the surface, called aquifers, store and carry water underground. When bores are sunk to reach the aquifers, windmills can draw the water to the surface to be stored in tanks. [13] Well over a hundred years ago, windmills were being used by townspeople to access Gilgandra's fresh, drinkable artesian water for their households, and by farmers to obtain water for their stock. [14] Windmills were being advertised in the first Gilgandra newspapers in 1905, with several local people selling and installing them, including plumber Bill Hitchen, later famous for organising the 1915 Cooee march. [15] From the early 20th century, locals and others referred to Gilgandra as a "town of windmills", and many references to that can be found. [16]

In 1948, it was reported that there were over 300 windmills in Gilgandra. [17] Many can still be seen dotted around the town but few are now in use. The Gilgandra Shire Council built a reticulated water supply in 1966, reducing reliance on private windmills. The council draws on artesian water, operating a network of nine bores to supply water to Gilgandra. [18] In 2016 Gilgandra had the largest single annual licensed entitlement to water from the Great Artesian Basin of any shire council in NSW, at 2,020 megalitres. [19]

History

Before the European squatters took up pastoral runs in the 1830s, [20] the Gilgandra region was home to three Aboriginal language groups: the Gamilaraay, Wiradjuri and Wayilwan. [21] According to archaeological evidence cited in the Warrumbungle National Park guidebook, indigenous groups are believed to have lived to the east of Gilgandra for at least 25,000 years, and in the Warrumbungle Ranges, 70 kilometres to the north, for about 17,000 years. [22]

Gilgandra was proclaimed as a town in 1888, and the first town blocks were sold in 1889. While that was an impetus to growth, the area had been settled by a Europeans for many years before that. Gilgandra's Post Office was formally established in 1867, a local school had opened in 1881, and the first hearings were held in the Gilgandra court house in 1884. The Gilgandra Shire was constituted in 1906. [23]

On 20 July 1900, an indigenous man, Jimmy Governor, murdered four members of the Mawbey family, and the children's governess, at their farming property just east of Gilgandra, in the area of Breelong. He was working as a fencing contractor for Mr Mawbey. The story of the murders received great publicity at the time. [24] [25] It was revived 1972 as the basis of a fictional work by Thomas Keneally, The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith . [26]

During World War I, a recruitment march to Sydney began in Gilgandra, known as the Coo-ee March. The men who enlisted on the way became known locally as "Coo-ees". The march was given its name because the marchers shouted the old bush call of "cooee" at each town along their journey to attract recruits. Twenty-six men left Gilgandra on 10 October 1915. At each town on the route, the marchers were feted and a recruitment meeting was held. By the time they reached Sydney, just over one month later on Friday 12 November 1915, the number of recruits had swelled to 263. [27] [28] They were welcomed on arrival in Sydney with huge crowds lining George Street near the Town Hall to welcome them and an official address given to them by the Minister for Works representing the Premier of New South Wales. [29]

in 1919, as a peace thanksgiving, parishioners of St Ambrose Church in Bournemouth, England, grateful for the assistance England had received from the Dominions in defending the British Empire, decided to gift £1,200 to the town in the Empire with a good church and wartime service record. Gilgandra was chosen and the money funded the construction of St Ambrose Church, Gilgandra, which commenced in 1920. [30]

Climate

Gilgandra experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Cfak), with hot summers and cool winters.

Climate data for Gilgandra (Chelmsford Ave), New South Wales, Australia (rainfall: 1889–present; temperature, 1915–1975 (incomplete)); 282 metres (925 ft) AMSL
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)45.8
(114.4)		43.9
(111.0)		39.4
(102.9)		36.7
(98.1)		31.7
(89.1)		27.2
(81.0)		23.9
(75.0)		28.9
(84.0)		35.0
(95.0)		37.5
(99.5)		43.3
(109.9)		42.8
(109.0)		45.8
(114.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)33.1
(91.6)		32.2
(90.0)		29.8
(85.6)		24.8
(76.6)		20.0
(68.0)		16.4
(61.5)		15.6
(60.1)		17.2
(63.0)		21.0
(69.8)		25.2
(77.4)		29.0
(84.2)		31.9
(89.4)		24.7
(76.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)25.2
(77.4)		24.8
(76.6)		22.2
(72.0)		17.6
(63.7)		13.1
(55.6)		10.2
(50.4)		9.1
(48.4)		10.3
(50.5)		13.5
(56.3)		17.3
(63.1)		20.8
(69.4)		23.9
(75.0)		17.3
(63.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)17.3
(63.1)		17.4
(63.3)		14.6
(58.3)		10.3
(50.5)		6.1
(43.0)		3.9
(39.0)		2.5
(36.5)		3.4
(38.1)		5.9
(42.6)		9.4
(48.9)		12.6
(54.7)		15.9
(60.6)		9.9
(49.9)
Record low °C (°F)4.4
(39.9)		4.4
(39.9)		2.2
(36.0)		−2.8
(27.0)		−5.6
(21.9)		−6.1
(21.0)		−6.7
(19.9)		−6.1
(21.0)		−4.4
(24.1)		−1.7
(28.9)		0.6
(33.1)		3.9
(39.0)		−6.7
(19.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)63.8
(2.51)		52.9
(2.08)		49.4
(1.94)		40.1
(1.58)		42.0
(1.65)		45.9
(1.81)		42.6
(1.68)		39.3
(1.55)		40.1
(1.58)		47.3
(1.86)		49.1
(1.93)		54.0
(2.13)		566.5
(22.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)4.44.03.93.23.95.04.94.44.24.54.44.351.1
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology [2] [a]

Heritage listings

Gilgandra has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Attractions

Sport and Recreation

Gilgandra has many sporting facilities. Local clubs support participation and arrange training and competitions.

The most popular sport in Gilgandra is rugby league. The Gilgandra Panthers rugby league team play in the Castlereagh Cup and have won the competition on six occasions, with the most recent being in 2018. They also won five premierships in the Group 14 competition which ran from 1949 until 2000, and won a Group 11 title in 1989 during their short stint in that competition.

Gilgandra's public swimming pool is located next to the town's main park and is open across the warmer months from October to end March. Learn-to-swim and exercise classes are held here. Set in lovely grassed grounds, the tiled pool was opened in October 1939 and is 33m long. There is also a children's play pool with good sun protection over. [32] Grassed tennis courts are located on a corner opposite the swimming pool (corner Castlereagh and Willie Sts).

A 9-hole public golf course, with grass greens and a licensed club-house, is located on Racecourse Rd over the bridge from the main part of the town. Golf competitions are held regularly. The golf course is situated entirely within the town's horse racing track. [33]

The town has a race course for horse racing, situated on Racecourse Road, where the Gilgandra Jockey Club arranges race meetings during the year, including the Gilgandra Cup held each January. The race course is picturesque with the town's golf fairways and greens inside the boundary of the track. [34]

There is a youth club, which has squash courts, basketball courts, and an indoor area. A fitness centre operates out of the facility. [35]

There are two main grassed recreation grounds where many different team and club sports are played (cricket, rugby league, football, Little Athletics). The town's original oval is located in Eiraben St and the Ernie Knight Oval is on Warren Rd. [36]

Gilgandra Speedway is a popular track in the district where regular motor (car) racing events are held in many divisions. It is run by Gilgandra District Speedway Club which has hosted both state and national titles here at different times. The track is well fenced and is lit for night racing. It is located on the Newell Highway 4 km south of the township (direction of Dubbo). [37]

Tourist Attractions

The tourist information centre is located in the Cooee Heritage and Visitor Information Centre, at the south end of the town, on the Newell Highway. Coming from the direction of Dubbo, it is on the right-hand-side just after the grain silos and railway track crossing. Coming from Coonabarabran, Coonamble or Mendooran directions, it is along the river bank on the left-hand-side. [38]

The Cooee Heritage and Visitor Information Centre houses several museums and galleries. [39] The Gilgandra Art Gallery exhibits local and visiting artists in a range of mediums, and exhibitions are regularly changed. Aboriginal artefacts and ancient fossils and shells are displayed in the Joy Trudgett Gallery. Family history, including details of Gilgandra locals who enlisted in WW2, is on display in the Allan Wise Gallery where exhibitions are also regularly changed.

The Gilgandra Rural Museum displays and preserves an extensive collection of local farming equipment, and agricultural plant and machinery. It was established, and is run, by the volunteers of the Gilgandra Historical Society. The Museum is situated just along from the Cooee Heritage and Visitor Information Centre on the Newell Highway at the edge of Gilgandra and can be identified by a large display windmill outside. Particularly interesting large items include the Howard Rotary Hoe (a version of a cultivator) which was invented at Gilgandra, a Ridley Stripper, and a Ruston & Proctor Steam Traction Engine. [40]

Windmill Walk commences at the Rural Museum and meanders along the Castlereagh River to the town centre. Picnic spots and BBQ facilities are located along the way. [41]

The Gilgandra Native Flora Reserve is 8.5 ha of remnant bushland which features many plant species. The local wildflowers in the reserve are best seen from September to November. There are picnic and barbecue facilities. [42]

Gilgandra has a privately owned observatory open to the public from Wednesday to Sunday.

Hitchen House Museum is set up in the house once owned and lived in by Bill Hitchen, who was the driving force for the Cooee March. Displays in the museum tell the story of the Cooee March. There is a good array of WWI memorabilia in the museum. [43]

The Cooee March memorial is a stone cairn marking the spot in Bridge Street where local men commenced the Cooee March on 10 October 1915. A nearby wall mural contributes to the memorial. Recruitment marches like this were called Snowball marches, and sprang up elsewhere in NSW following the example of the Cooee March. The men assembled here in October 1915 to begin their recruitment drive by themselves marching to Sydney. [44]

There is a community radio station WARFM, which is on 98.9FM, broadcasting a wide range of programs. [45]

Annual Events

Shops and Services

Retail

Miller Street is the main street with a full offering of retail stores. The Central Stores offer a range of merchandise from fashion to homewares, books and jewellery. Interest is added with an antiques, two beauty and cosmetic retailers and two hairdressers, a well-stocked pharmacy, newsagent and electrical retailer. [52]

Target Country closed its Gilgandra branch on 6 July 2019. [53] However, the main street has a range of grocery providers with a bakery and a butcher and a grocery / liquor store. Farmers, and the community's hardware needs, are met by timber retailers, farm suppliers and farm machinery suppliers, and grain and timber stores as well as hardware store in the main street. [52]

Professional Services

Several different financial/legal professional services firms operate in the town, from two private legal firms, to an insurance broker, three accountants and business services firms. [54] There is a combined real estate/stock & station agency.

Gilgandra Veterinary Clinic serves the needs of farm animal production and large animals, right through to domestic pets. [55]

Community and Health Services

Education Services

There are two primary schools and a public high school, all co-educational:

A Technical College (TAFE) campus offers vocational training in a range of trade and industry specific areas, such as business administration, and digital photography. [64]

For the Under-5's, there is a professionally run community pre-school, and a private early childcare business also offers a pre-school program in addition to long day care.

Religious Services

Like many towns in western NSW, Gilgandra has an array of churches offering services supporting their congregations. Many of these have their own web page with details of the times of their church services. The various churches are:

Notable people

Civic Minded

Inventors

Pioneers

Sportspeople

War heroes WWI

War heroes WWII

Notes

  1. ↑ A maximum temperature of 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) was recorded in Gilgandra on 30 July 1961, but this temperature is noted as being "wrong" in a reference work on temperature extremes. [31] It also does not appear in the Bureau of Meteorology's official extremes list for July in New South Wales, where the highest temperature is listed as 31.8 °C (89.2 °F). The given value for the highest maximum temperature for July in the table of 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) on 22 July 1946 is thus derived from a table of highest maximum temperatures for each month from the Bureau of Meteorology, excluding the 1961 temperature.

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References

  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Gilgandra (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 3 January 2018. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Climate statistics for Australian locations: GILGANDRA (CHELMSFORD AVE)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology . Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  3. ↑ Gilgandra Shire Council website, "Community". http://www.gilgandra.nsw.gov.au/community/about-gilgandra Archived 8 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  4. ↑ Gilgandra Shire Council website: http://www.gilgandra.nsw.gov.au/council Archived 15 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  5. ↑ Google maps: https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Gilgandra+NSW+2827/@-31.7160527,148.6324847,14.04z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x6b08b2057af253ad:0x40609b490437240!8m2!3d-31.6952312!4d148.6558441. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  6. ↑ "Statistics by Catalogue Number". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  7. ↑ "Search Census data". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics, Local Government Areas, Gilgandra. http://stat.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=12950&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2016&geoconcept=LGA_2016&maplayerid=LGA2016&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2016&regionLGA=LGA_2016&regionASGS=ASGS_2016 Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 19 November 2018. Published August 2016. Accessed 18 April 2018
  9. ↑ "Gilgandra". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales . Retrieved 24 September 2009. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  10. ↑ https://www.water.nsw.gov.au/water-management/catchments-old/castlereagh-catchment Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed 18 April 2018
  11. ↑ Gilgandra Weekly, 19 December 1946, "The Early Days of Gilgandra" p .7
  12. ↑ 'Introducing Groundwater to Your Catchment', Murray-Darling Basin Commission p.151. Online at https://www.mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/archived/mdbc-GW-reports/2172_Introducing_GW_to_your_catchment.pdf Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine . Accessed 19 April 2018
  13. ↑ 'Changing Environments' Susan Bermingham, p.62
  14. ↑ It was reported in 1907 that "fresh windmills are gradually being erected in the district"; 'The Castlereagh' Friday 7 May 1907 at p.1. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  15. ↑ 'The Castlereagh' 3 March 1905, p.7
  16. ↑ 'Gilgandra Weekly', 27 July 1917, p.11; 'The Methodist', 4 December 1926, p.6; 'Warialda Standard' 30 April 1934, p.2; 'The Katoomba Daily', 23 November 1935, p.2; The Northern Champion',6 February 1946, p.1; 'The World's News', 22 February 1947, p.2.
  17. ↑ 'Goulburn Evening Post' 11 May 1948, p.3
  18. ↑ Letter dated 21 July 2011 from Mayor Doug Batten to the Rural Affairs and Transport References Committee, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Rural Affairs, 'Submission to the Inquiry into the Impact of the Murray-Darling Basin Plan in Regional Australia'.
  19. ↑ 'Economic Output of Groundwater Dependent Sectors in the Great Artesian Basin – A REPORT COMMISSIONED BY THE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT AND GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN JURISDICTIONS BASED ON ADVICE FROM THE GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN COORDINATING COMMITTEE, published August 2016. '
  20. ↑ Rolls, E.C, 1982. A Million Wild Acres. 200 years of man and an Australian forest p.83
  21. ↑ Somerville, M. et al, 1994. The Sun Dancin’, People and Place in Coonabarabran. pp.46–47
  22. ↑ Fox, P., 1996. Warrumbungle National Park. p.52
  23. ↑ "Gilgandra " District History". Gilgandra Shire Council (www.gilgandra.nsw.gov.au). 2004. Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 27 February 2006.
  24. ↑ The Sydney Morning Herald, 23 July 1900, 'Tragedy Near Gilgandra' p.7-8
  25. ↑ The Sydney Morning Herald,4 August 1900, 'The Murders by Blacks' p.10
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