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Sir Nevill Francis Mott was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The award was shared with Philip W. Anderson and J. H. Van Vleck. The three had conducted loosely related research. Mott and Anderson clarified the reasons why magnetic or amorphous materials can sometimes be metallic and sometimes insulating.
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck was an American physicist and mathematician. He was co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977, for his contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electronic magnetism in solids.
Magnetic semiconductors are semiconductor materials that exhibit both ferromagnetism and useful semiconductor properties. If implemented in devices, these materials could provide a new type of control of conduction. Whereas traditional electronics are based on control of charge carriers, practical magnetic semiconductors would also allow control of quantum spin state. This would theoretically provide near-total spin polarization, which is an important property for spintronics applications, e.g. spin transistors.
Mott insulators are a class of materials that are expected to conduct electricity according to conventional band theories, but turn out to be insulators. These insulators fail to be correctly described by band theories of solids due to their strong electron–electron interactions, which are not considered in conventional band theory. A Mott transition is a transition from a metal to an insulator, driven by the strong interactions between electrons. One of the simplest models that can capture Mott transition is the Hubbard model.
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The Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester is one of the largest and most active physics departments in the UK, taking around 250 new undergraduates and 50 postgraduates each year, and employing more than 80 members of academic staff and over 100 research fellows and associates. The department is based on two sites: the Schuster Laboratory on Brunswick Street and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics in Cheshire, international headquarters of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).
The Nevill Mott Medal and Prize is an award presented in selected years by the Institute of Physics in the United Kingdom, for distinguished research in condensed matter or materials physics. It was first established in 1997 thanks to a donation from Sir Nevill Mott's family. Sir Nevill Mott was one of the outstanding British condensed matter theorists and won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977. He died in 1996. The award consists of a silver medal and a prize of £1000.
Emmanuel I. Rashba is a Soviet-American theoretical physicist of Jewish origin who worked in Ukraine, Russia and in the United States. Rashba is known for his contributions to different areas of condensed matter physics and spintronics, especially the Rashba effect in spin physics, and also for the prediction of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR), that was widely investigated and became a regular tool for operating electron spins in nanostructures, phase transitions in spin-orbit coupled systems driven by change of the Fermi surface topology, Giant oscillator strength of impurity excitons, and coexistence of free and self-trapped excitons. The principal subject of spintronics is all-electric operation of electron spins, and EDSR was the first phenomenon predicted and experimentally observed in this field.
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Robert Balson Dingle was a British theoretical physicist, known for his work on mathematical physics, condensed matter physics, asymptotic expansions, anomalous skin effect, liquid helium II, mathematical functions and integrals. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE).
Mary Jane Shultz is an American professor and researcher in physical, environmental, materials and surface chemistry at Tufts University. Since 2013, she is also a visiting professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Simon John Bending, is a British physicist. He is a professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Bath, where he was the Head of department from 2013 to 2016. He is co-director of the Bath-Exeter Centre for Graphene Science and deputy director of the Bath-Bristol EPRSC Centre for Doctoral Training in Condensed Matter Physics. He developed scanning Hall probe microscopy and has made notable contributions to the field of superconductors.
Christopher John Pethick is a British theoretical physicist, specializing in many-body theory, ultra-cold atomic gases, and the physics of neutron stars and stellar collapse.
Karl Heinz Bennemann is a German condensed matter physicist. He has contributed to the advance on the understanding of traditional BCS and high Tc superconductors, the magnetic properties of alloys, the magnetic properties of low dimensional systems, the physicochemical properties of surfaces, the physicochemical properties of nanostructured materials, ultrafast phenomena, and non-linear optics, among others. His work was recognized through an Alfred P. Sloan fellowship in 1969.
Sung Ryul Eric Yang is a theoretical condensed matter physicist. He is a full professor in the Department of Physics of Korea University.
References
- ↑ "Emeritus, honorary and visiting staff | Physics and Astronomy | The University of Sheffield". www.sheffield.ac.uk. 1 December 2020.
- 1 2 Women in science and engineering
- ↑ Nottingham Evening Post Thursday 27 September 1990, page 8
- ↑ Nottingham Evening Post Saturday 15 September 1962, page 7
- ↑ "Equity for women in physics". Physics World. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ↑ Sheffield, University of (3 March 2015). "Inspirational female physicist honoured at University - Archive - News archive - The University of Sheffield". www.sheffield.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ↑ Nottingham Evening Post Tuesday 8 October 1968, page 6
- ↑ Staffordshire Sentinel Wednesday 18 July 1962, page 4
- ↑ Staffordshire Sentinel Monday 7 January 1957, page 4
- ↑ Staffordshire Sentinel Saturday 9 June 1973, page 5
- ↑ Staffordshire Sentinel Thursday 10 November 1988, page 4
