Glossina nigrofusca

Glossina nigrofusca
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Glossinidae
Genus:	Glossina
Species:	G. nigrofusca
Binomial name
Glossina nigrofusca Newstead, 1911
Geographic distribution of Glossina nigrofusca as reported in scientific papers – Publication period 1990–2020

Glossina nigrofusca is one of the 23 recognized species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina), and it belongs to the forest/fusca group (subgenus Austenina). ^[1]

Taxonomy

Two subspecies of G. nigrofusca are recognized: ^[1]

• Glossina nigrofusca nigrofusca (Newstead, 1911)
• Glossina nigrofusca hopkinsi (van Emden, 1944)

Distribution

Glossina nigrofusca was historically reported in a narrow and fragmented belt in West Africa and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone in the West to Uganda in the East. ^[2] However, a review of the scientific literature from 1990–2020 found confirmation of G. nigrofusca in only three countries; ^[1] Côte d’Ivoire, ^{[3] [4]} Cameroon and Nigeria. ^[5] In Cameroon, all published reports of G. nigrofusca for the period 1990–2020 originate from the sleeping sickness foci of Campo and Bipindi. ^{[1] [6] [7]}

The two subspecies of G. nigrofusca are generally believed to be geographically separated. ^{[8] [9]} Glossina nigrofusca nigrofusca occupies the western part of the species distribution, and it is generally considered to occur from Sierra Leone to the Central African Republic and western Democratic Republic of the Congo. G. nigrofusca hopkinsi is found in the eastern part of the species distribution, and it is generally considered to occur in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. ^[1]

References

1. Cecchi, G.; Paone, M.; de Gier, J.; Zhao, W. (2024). The continental atlas of the distribution of tsetse flies in Africa. PAAT Technical and Scientific Series, No. 12. Rome: FAO. doi:10.4060/cd2022en. ISBN   978-92-5-139040-5.
2. Ford, J. & Katondo, K.M. 1977. The Distribution of Tsetse Flies in Africa (3 Maps). Nairobi, Organization of African Unity, Hammond & Kell.
3. Fournet, F.; Traoré, S.; Hervouët, J.P. (1999). "Effects of urbanization on transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in a suburban relict forest area of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 93 (2): 130–132. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90283-3. PMID   10450433.
4. Masiga, D. K.; McNamara, J. J.; Laveissière, C.; Truc, P.; Gibson, W. C. (1996). "A high prevalence of mixed trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in Sinfra, Côte d'Ivoire, detected by DNA amplification". Parasitology. 112 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1017/S0031182000065094. ISSN   1469-8161. PMID   8587804.
5. Ogedegbe, ABO; Rotimi, J (2006). "A survey of Tsetse flies (Glossina spp) in the Niger Delta area, southern Nigeria". African Journal of Environment, Pollution and Health. 5 (1): 68–73.
6. Simo, Gustave; Mbida, Jean Arthur Mbida; Eyenga, Vincent Ebo’o; Asonganyi, Tazoacha; Njiokou, Flobert; Grébaut, Pascal (2014-08-16). "Challenges towards the elimination of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the sleeping sickness focus of Campo in southern Cameroon". Parasites & Vectors. 7 (1): 374. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-374 . ISSN   1756-3305. PMC   4262263 . PMID   25129168.
7. Grébaut, P.; Mbida, J.A. Mbida; Kondjio, C. Antonio; Njiokou, F.; Penchenier, L.; Laveissiére, C. (2004). "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) Transmission Risk in the Bipindi Focus, in the Forest Zone of Southern Cameroon". Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 4 (3): 230–238. doi:10.1089/vbz.2004.4.230. ISSN   1530-3667. PMID   15631068.
8. Rogers, D. J.; Robinson, T. P. (January 2004), Maudlin, I.; Holmes, P. H.; Miles, M. A. (eds.), "Tsetse distribution.", The trypanosomiases (1 ed.), UK: CABI Publishing, pp. 139–179, doi:10.1079/9780851994758.0139, ISBN   978-0-85199-475-8 , retrieved 2024-10-28
9. Leak, S. G. A.; Ejigu, D.; Vreysen, M. J. B.; Division, Animal Production and Health (2009). "Collection of Entomological Baseline Data for Tsetse Area-wide Integrated Pest Management Programmes". FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines. 1. ISSN   1810-0708.