Gohad State

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Kingdom of Gohad
1505–1805
Datia-Samthar map.jpg
Gohad near north side of Gwalior
Capital Gohad
Common languages Hindi, Braj, Sanskrit
GovernmentMonarchy
Maharaj Rana  
 1068 AD-? (Ancestor)
Rana Jai Singh
 15th century
Rana Singhadev I
 1709- 1756
Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana
 1803–1805 (last)
Maharaja Kirat Singh Rana
Historical era Medieval India
 Established
1068 AD 1505
 Foundation of Garhis (fortresses near Gohad town)
15th century
  Gohad merged into British Empire
1805 (later Dholpur State) 1805
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg Delhi Sultanate
Gwalior State Flag of Gwalior (State).svg
Today part of India
 · Madhya Pradesh
Gohad Fort main gate Gohad fort main gate.jpg
Gohad Fort main gate
Outer walls of Gohad Fort Outer walls of Gohad fort.jpg
Outer walls of Gohad Fort

Gohad State or Kingdom of Gohad was a kingdom in India. [1] It was established by King Singhadev II in 1505.

Contents

Garhi Padhavali fortress - It was built by Jat Ranas of Gohad in 18th century by renovating & converting a 10th century temple dedicated to Lord Shiva into a formidable fortress. Garhi Padhavali fortress.jpg
Garhi Padhavali fortress - It was built by Jat Ranas of Gohad in 18th century by renovating & converting a 10th century temple dedicated to Lord Shiva into a formidable fortress.
Entrance of Garhi Padhavali Entrance of Garhi Padhavali.jpg
Entrance of Garhi Padhavali

Origin

The royal family of Gohad traces its origin to Punjab or Haryana, from there the Bamrolia chiefs migrated to Agra and later their first Raja conquered territories in Bairat (south of Alwar), he was Rana Jai Singh who reigned in 12th century. [2]

History

Maharaj Bhim Singh Rana Maharaj Bhim Singh Rana.jpg
Maharaj Bhim Singh Rana

The state's formation happened in the time period of Tomar dynasty of Gwalior. The Jats settled the town of Gohad and nearby forts and garhis (fortresses) in 16th century. The most renowned ruler was Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana who established the Jat rule over the trans chambal region and historic Gwalior fort. During his reign, the revenue of the kingdom was 56 lakhs and Bhim Singh Rana had control on 56 mahals or small parganas. [3] The most successful ruler of Gohad is meant to be Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana also known as Rana Lokendra Singh. He repulsed Maratha raids on Gohad and other Jat forts many times. He even defeated Peshwa Raghunath Rao.

Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana's resistance against Marathas:

An attack on Gohad city was made by Faujdar Melsarao Appa of Bhilsa and Amba Ingle in 1778, the Maratha army was defeated by Jats under Maharaja Chhatar Singh. [4]

Later, in the same year, Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana invaded Lahar state of Kachwaha Rajputs. He defeated them and added Lahar and adjacent territories in his kingdom with the help of Capt. Popham. [5]

Maharaja Chhatar Singh handed over the administration of Gwalior fort to his younger queen. Later, jealous of the success of Jat Raja, Mahadaji Sindhia planned an attack to conquer Gwalior. In 1782, he besieged Gwalior and bribed one of Maharani's trusted guards & prepared him to depart from Jat Raja along with 2000 troops. Seeing no scope of victory, Maharani committed Jauhar on 27 February 1783 and Marathas occupied the fort. The place is still renowned as Jauhar-kund in Gwalior Fort. [6]

Gohad coins Gohad paisa.jpg
Gohad coins

Gohad fort

One of the unexplored aspect of history is Jat dominance in trans chambal tracts. Various Jat clans migrated to this region from haryana,doab & braj as early as 13th-14th century & carved out various principalities, kingdoms etc which were defended by large number of forts like Gohad fort. It was built by Bamrolia Jat ruler Rana Singh Dev in 16th century. [7] It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [8]

Rulers

1068–1805 CE (From Bairat and Gohad) [9]

NameNotesReign beganReign ended
1Rana Jai SinghFirst Rana of Bairat, Alwar, ally of Anangapla Tomar II of Delhi.1068-
2Rana Pulan SinghAlly of Prithviraj Chahamana and died fighting with his forces.-1175
3Rana BirhanpalSettled at Bamroli, near Agra. Rana of Bamroli. After him 7 generations ruled in the region of Braj (mainly Agra).unknown-
4Rana RatanpalLeft their stronghold, the Jat principality of Bamroli and allied himself with Tomar chief of Gwalior.unknown-
5Rana Singhadev IHe helped Barsingh Dev of Gwalior in winning over Muslims in 1375. Married a Jat chief's daughter of Bisotia clan and added further strong ties with other chiefs in the region. He established Baghthurra principality.unknown-
6Rana Sugan Singh aka Rana Singhadev IIFirst Rana of Gohad, fourth from the descent of Rana Singhadev I. Ally of Raja Man Singh of Gwalior. Established Gohad fort and other nearby palaces and fortresses (garhis)15051524
7Rana Devi Singh15241535
8Rana Udyat Singh15351546
9Rana Anup Singh154615??
10Rana Sambhu Singh15??1604
11Rana Abhay Chand16041628
12Rana Ram Singh16281647
13Rana Ratan Singh16471664
14Rana Udai Singh16641685
15Rana BaghrajMaharaja of Gohad, his sons established 8 royal principalities16851713
16Rana Gaj Singh1713-
17Rana Jaswant Singh17131717
18Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana17171755
19Maharaja Girdhar Pratap Singh17551756
20Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana17561788
21Maharaja Kirat Singh RanaLast Maharaja of Gohad and 1st Maharaj Rana of Dholpur.-1805

See also

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References

  1. Insight Guides (2017). Insight Guides Rajasthan. Rough Guides UK. ISBN   9781786717139 . Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  2. Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India. Anmol Publications. 1996. ISBN   978-81-7041-859-7.
  3. Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma and Ceylon Including AllBritish India, the Portuguese and French Possessions, and the Indian States. J. Murray. 1909.
  4. "Madhya Pradesh, District Gazetteers: Bhind". 1996.
  5. Agnihotrī, Ajaya Kumāra (1985). Gohada ke Jāṭoṃ kā itihāsa: rājanaitika evaṃ sāṃskr̥tika adhyayana, San 1505 se 1947 taka (in Hindi). Nava Sāhitya Bhavana.
  6. Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India. Anmol Publications. 1996. ISBN   978-81-7041-859-7.
  7. Misra, B. D. (1993). Forts and Fortresses of Gwalior and Its Hinterland. Manohar Publishers and Distributors. ISBN   978-81-7304-047-4.
  8. "गोहद किले को यूनेस्को एशिया पेसिफिक हेरिटेज अवार्ड देने की घोषणा | Gohad Fort will provide UNESCO Asia Pacific Heritage Award in MP". Patrika News (in Hindi). 5 November 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
  9. "Gohad". Jat Chiefs. Retrieved 2 February 2025.