House of Scindia (Shinde) | |
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Country | Gwalior State |
Founded | 1731 |
Founder | Ranoji Shinde |
Current head | Jyotiraditya Scindia |
Final ruler | Jiwajirao Scindia (Gwalior) Madhavrao Scindia (as Rajpramukh) |
Titles |
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Estate(s) | Gwalior Fort Shinde Chhatri Jai Vilas Mahal |
Deposition | 1948 (Gwalior State) 1971 (Rajpramukh under the Indian Union) |
House of Scindia (anglicized from Shinde) is a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. It had the Patil-ship of Kanherkhed in the district of Satara and was founded by Ranoji Shinde, who started as a personal servant of the Peshwa Bajirao I. [1] [2] [3] [4] Ranoji and his descendants, along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendancy in northern India in the 18th-century. The Gwalior State became a princely state during the British Raj in the 19th and the 20th-centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia (Shinde) family went on to enter Indian politics.[ citation needed ]
The Scindia (Shinde) dynasty was founded by Ranoji Shinde, a personal servant and soldier of Peshwa Bajirao I. [1] [2] [3] [4] Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty. This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi, Khanderao Dabhade and Kanhoji Bhosle.This led Baji Rao to promote as commanders of his troops, talented young men who were barely out of teens such as Malhar Rao Holkar, the Pawar (Puar) brothers, Pilaji Jadhav, Fateh Singh Bhosale and of course, Ranoji. None of these men belonged to families that held hereditary Deshmukhi rights under earlier rulers such as the Deccan Sultanates. [5] [6] The Shindes or Scindias had served as shiledars (cavalrymen) under the Bahmani Sultanate and played an important role in the state of affairs and held Patilki of Kumberkerrab. [7] [3]
There are otherwise several anecdotes about the origin of the Scindhias (Shindes), especially those recorded by Sir John Malcolm. [8] Stewart Gordon states the cultivator, etc. origin of other Marathas. [9]
The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the Patil of Kanherkhed, a village in Satara District, Maharashtra. [10] Peshwa Baji Rao's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha Empire. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia.The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century, and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars.They held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered north India. In 1818, after accepting the terms of a subsidiary alliance with the British, the family shifted their base from Ujjain to Gwalior.[ citation needed ]
After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Shinde was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British-occupied India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.[ citation needed ]
The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Jiwajirao Scindia served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.[ citation needed ]
In 1962, Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. [11] She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Jansangh Party, he joined Congress in 1980 and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, joined the Congress Party and was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004. He later joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 11 March 2020.[ citation needed ]
Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party. Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan, and became the state's Chief Minister. [12] In 2013 again, she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumping win in the state of Rajasthan, winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections. Her other daughter, Yashodhara Raje Scindia, contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998, 2003 and 2013 and also lok sabha 2004, 2009 from Gwalior. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan. [13]
The heads of the Royal House of Scindia include:
The Royal House of Scindia awards two orders of chivalry; these knighthoods were instituted by Maharaja Madho Rao Scindia in 1900 and 1907, respectively, and include:
Shinde dynasty and the Family tree of the Maharajas of Gwalior | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Maratha Confederacy,also referred to as the Maratha Empire,was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states often subordinate to the former. It was established in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji as the Maratha Chhatrapati and recognised by Emperor Bahadur Shah I as a tributary state in 1707 following a prolonged rebellion. Following this,the Marathas continued to recognise the Mughal emperor as their nominal suzerain,similar to other contemporary Indian entities,though in practice,imperial politics at Delhi were largely influenced by the Marathas between 1737 and 1803.
Peshwa was second highest office in the Maratha Confederacy,next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom,the office became hereditary after the death of Shahu in 1749. During the reign of Shahu,the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the de facto rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. However following the defeat of the Marathas in 1761,the office of the Peshwa became titular as well and from that point onwards served as the ceremonial head of the Confederacy underneath the Chhatrapati.
Vasundhara Raje Scindia is an Indian politician,who has held two terms as the chief minister of Rajasthan. She was previously a minister in the Union Cabinet of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was India's first Minister of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries,which now known as Micro,Small and Medium Enterprises. In 2003,she became the first woman to serve as the Chief Minister for the state of Rajasthan. She is currently one of the national vice presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). A member of the Scindia family,she is also the matriarch of the Bamraulia family of Dholpur.
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh,India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain,it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
Shinde is a clan of the Maratha clan system believed to be from the Nagavansh,variations of the name include Scindia and Sindhia,Sindia. It is found largely in Maharashtra (India),but it also appears in Indian states bordering Maharashtra like Madhya Pradesh,Gujarat,Karnataka,Goa,Telangana and Chhattisgarh.
Gaekwads,a Hindu Maratha dynasty of the former Maratha Confederacy and its subsequent (erstwhile) princely state of Baroda in western India from the early 18th century until 1947. The ruling prince was known as the Maharaja Gaekwad of Baroda. With the city of Baroda (Vadodara) as its capital,during the British Raj its relations with the British were managed by the Baroda Residency. It was one of the largest and wealthiest princely states existing alongside British India,with wealth coming from the lucrative cotton business as well as rice,wheat and sugar production.
Vijaya Raje Scindia,known popularly as the Rajmata of Gwalior,was an Indian politician and consort of the last ruling Maharaja of Gwalior,Jiwajirao Scindia,in British Raj. In later life,she was elected repeatedly to both houses of the Indian parliament. She was one of the founding members of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. William Dalrymple wrote in his 1998 book The Age of Kali that she had been called "a madwoman and a saint;a dangerous reactionary and a national saviour;a stubborn and self-righteous old lunatic and a brave and resilient visionary."
Madhavrao Jivajirao Scindia was an Indian politician and minister in the Government of India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.
Jivajirao Scindia GCSI GCIE KStJ was the ruler of an Indian vassal state during the British Raj and later a government official.
Mahadaji Shinde,later known as Mahadji Scindia or Madhava Rao Scindia,was a Maratha statesman and general who served as the Raja of Gwalior from 1768 to 1794. He was the fifth and the youngest son of Ranoji Rao Scindia,the founder of the Scindia dynasty. He is reputed for having restored the Maratha rule over North India and for modernizing his army.
Malhar Rao Holkar was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire,in present-day India. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the Peshwas,during the reign of the Maratha emperor Shahu I. He was founder of the Holkar dynasty that ruled Malwa.
The Gwalior State,initially the Ujjain State,was a state within the Maratha Confederacy located in Central India. It was ruled by the House of Scindia,a Hindu Maratha dynasty. Following the dissolution of the Confederacy,it became part of the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire under British protection.
Shrimant Daulat Rao Shinde was the Maharaja (ruler) of Gwalior state in central India from 1794 until his death in 1827. His reign coincided with struggles for supremacy within the Maratha Empire,and wars with the expanding East India Company. Daulatrao played a significant role in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha wars.
Yashodhara Raje Scindia is an Indian politician and Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare,Technical Education and Skill Development and Employment of Madhya Pradesh. She is also the former Minister for Commerce,Industries and Employment in Government of Madhya Pradesh. She is the youngest daughter of Jivajirao Scindia,Maratha Maharaja of Gwalior and the Late Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia of Gwalior. She was first elected from Gwalior to the 14th Lok Sabha via a by-poll in 2007 and again in 2009 General Election. She is a Member of Legislative Assembly from Shivpuri constituency in Madhya Pradesh since 2013.
Ranoji Shinde was the founder of the Scindia dynasty,a Maratha clan that produced outstanding Maratha military commanders during the 18th century. Later the Scindia served as vassals of the British from the northern Princely state of Gwalior.
Jayappaji Rao Shinde also known as Jayappa Dadasahib,was a Maratha general. He ruled Gwalior State in northern India from 1745 to 1755,succeeding his father Ranoji Rao Scindia who had founded it.
Baloji Kunjar / Kunjir (17??–1816) was Sardar and Minister of Affairs in service of Peshwa Baji Rao II. He was Peshwa Baji Rao II's favorite. After the death of Peshwa Sawai Madhavrao,there was debates for the position of Peshwa among the Maratha Empire. Balaji Kunjar performed a successful role to convey most friendly declaration and assurance between Baji Rao II and Nana Phadanvis,to appoint Baji Rao II as peshwa of Maratha Empire. Peshwa Baji Rao II and Nana Phadanvis awarded inam (Jagir) to him in 14 villages near Purandhar fort,for his role. He performed successful role in administration of maratha empire and as affairs minister or diplomat (vakil) for Peshwa Baji Rao II. He along with his son Pandoji Kunjar and Narayan,enjoyed the position as Sur-Patil (सर-पाटील) at Pune Punch Mahals during the era of Peshawa Baji Rao II. He along with his family has long enjoyed the privileges of sar-patil of 360 villages and towns in the Subha of Poona.
The Great Maratha is an Indian historical drama television series directed by Sanjay Khan and produced by Numero Uno International Limited. The drama aired on DD National. The series is based on the life of Mahadaji Shinde. The show comprised 47 episodes. The music was composed by Mohammed Zahur Khayyam.
The following list includes a brief about the titles of nobility or orders of chivalry used by the Marathas of India and by the Marathis/Konkanis in general.
Jankoji Rao Shinde was the third Maharaja of Gwalior State. He became Maharaja of Gwalior after the death of his father,Jayappaji Rao Scindia,at the age of 10.
Ranoji Scindia (d. 1750), the founder of Gwalior state, started his political career reputedly as a slipper-bearer at the court of the peshwa, or prime minister, of the Marathas, but soon rose to high office.
The carrying of the Pallimaradi before the Zamorin on public occasions might have been due to the same reason as the carrying of a pair of golden slippers before Scindia, whose ancestor was the slipper - bearer of Peshwa Baji Rao - to show his respect for his original humble office which was the cause of his subsequent success
The Sindhias, it is well-known, were drawn from a Kunbi family which had the hereditary patel-ship of Kumberkerrab in the district of Wai. The origins of the Holkar were even more humble: they belonged to the caste of goat-herds (dungar), the family holding zamindari rights in the village of Hal.
Many peasant caste men who distinguished themselves in battle or otherwise served the ruler became Marathas. Witness the first Holkar who was a shepherd and the first Scindia who was a Kunbi personal servant of the Peshwa
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(help)Looking backward from ample material on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we know that Maratha as a category of caste represents the amalgamation of families from several castes - Kunbi, Lohar, Sutar, Bhandari, Thakar, and even Dhangars (shepherds) – which existed in the seventeenth century and, indeed, exist as castes in Maharashtra today. What differentiated, for example, "Maratha" from "Kunbi"? It was precisely the martial tradition, of which they were proud, and the rights (watans and inams) they gained from military service. It was these rights which differentiated them from the ordinary cultivator, ironworkers and tailors, especially at the local level