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Stewart Gordon | |
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| Born | January 2, 1945 Akron, Ohio, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan (BA, MA, PhD) |
| Occupation(s) | Historian, Writer, Lecturer |
| Spouse | Sara A. Duvall (m. 1970) |
| Website | stewartgordonhistorian |
Stewart N. Gordon (born January 2, 1945) is an American-born historian, teacher, lecturer, writer, and consultant.
Gordon was trained at the University of Michigan (BA, MA, PhD) in Asian history and sociology.
He is currently a senior research fellow of the Center for South Asian Studies at the University of Michigan with specialties in pre-colonial South Asian history, trans-regional Asian history and World history.
Gordon has consulted with several public school districts on new strategies for the teaching of World history. He has consulted for series on the History Channel and the Discovery Channel. His invited lectures include Harvard University, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Michigan, University of Chicago, University of California Berkeley, University of Texas at Austin, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, American Geographical Society, University of Pune (India), and the Asia Society. [1]
He has received a Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Scholarship, Fulbright Program Fellowships, American Institute of Indian Studies Fellowships, an American Geographical Society Research Fellowship, Social Science Research Council Fellowship, and an Earhart Foundation Fellowship. In 2015 he was inducted as an honorary fellow of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai.
His early publications dealt with social structure and social disruption in eighteenth century India, using documents in Modi script from the eighteenth century Maratha Empire. Re-current themes in this research were networks and supply chains, the impact of military recruiting and financing, overseas demand for Indian goods, and the meaning of conquest. This strand of research culminated in the publication of the book Marathas, Marauders, and State Formation in Eighteenth Century India (Oxford University Press, 1994) [2] a set of historical essays that challenges assumptions about the century between the Mughal empire and the British colonial period in India. He is the author of The New Cambridge History of India : Marathas 1600–1818 (Cambridge University Press, 1993), [3] which series is considered the world authority on the history of India.
In the last two decades his interests have widened to trans-Asian themes, particularly features of elite culture that spanned Asia, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Europe in the Middle Ages. He has explored ceremonial robes of honor, the use of the royal umbrella, the history of chess, and shared cuisine. The first fruits of these wider themes were two books on ceremonial honorific robing, Robes and Honor: The Medieval World of Investiture (Palgrave Press, 2001) [4] a collection of essays on the custom across Asia and into Europe, and Robes of Honor: Khjil'at in Pre-Colonial and Colonial India(Oxford University Press, 2003) [5] on robing in South Asia.
More recently he has been interested in the historical movement along the routes of pilgrims, armies, plants, ideas, religions, marriage partners, and staple commodities. This focus is reflected in a recent book, When Asia was the World (Da Capo, 2008), [6] which uses indigenous travel memoirs to elucidate the Asian world, 500–1500. [7] This book has been translated into Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, Arabic, and Italian. Recent articles include the ecological impact of pre-colonial war in South Asia [8] and a broad survey of the major rivers that come off the plateau of Tibet. [9] In 2015 University Press of New England published Gordon's "A History of the World in Sixteen Shipwrecks." It was shortlisted for the Mountbatten Prize, sponsored by the Maritime Society (England)for the best maritime-themed book of the year. A Turkish translation will appear in 2015.
Current interests are the mental constructs and physical aspects of historical routes, which has resulted in a book entitled Routes: How the Pathways of Ideas and Goods Shaped Our World (University of California Press, 2012). [10] This volume widens the comparative focus to include, for example, the Mississippi River, the Erie Canal, the Inca road system, and the Nile. He also has recently written a book on comparative slavery outside the Atlantic World entitled Shackles of Iron: Slavery in World History (Hackett, 2016). [11] Cognitive geography is a strong interest, that is, the mental maps people carry about places near and far.
In addition to scholarly articles, [12] Gordon has written for popular audiences, including a book on the classic American ocean liners SS Independence and SS Constitution, Sunlight & Steel (Prow Press, 2000) [13] and articles for Saudi Aramco World magazine. He has served as a specialist historical adviser for the History Channel, the Walt Disney Company, the Delta Queen Steamboat Company, and more than 30 history-themed hotels and restaurants in the United States and Europe.
The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic, while declining in Russia, China, and Korea. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that supported slavery. The Industrial Revolution began during mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. The European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as part of the Age of Sail.
Shivaji I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.
Bajirao I, born as Visaji, was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy.
The Maratha Empire was an early modern Indian empire and later a confederation that controlled large portions of the Indian Subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji of the Bhonsle dynasty as the Chhatrapati. Although Shivaji came from the Maratha caste, the Maratha empire also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from the Maratha and several other castes from what is known today as Maharashtra. The Maratha Kingdom was expanded into a full-fledged Empire in the 18th Century under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao I.
The Maratha caste is composed of 96 clans, originally formed in the earlier centuries from the amalgamation of families from the peasant (Kunbi), shepherd (Dhangar), blacksmith (Lohar), carpenter (Sutar), Bhandari, Thakar and Koli castes in Maharashtra. Many of them took to military service in the 16th century for the Deccan sultanates or the Mughals. Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, they served in the armies of the Maratha Empire, founded by Shivaji, a Maratha Kunbi by caste. Many Marathas were granted hereditary fiefs by the Sultanates, and Mughals for their service.
House of Scindia is a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. It had the patil-ship of Kanherkhed in the district of satara and was founded by Ranoji Shinde, who started as a personal servant of the Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants, along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendancy in northern India in the 18th-century. The Gwalior State became a princely state during the British Raj in the 19th and the 20th-centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia (Shinde) family went on to enter Indian politics.
The Bhonsle are a prominent group within the Maratha clan system.
Shuja-ud-Daula was the Subedar and Nawab of Oudh and the Vizier of Delhi from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775.
Kunbi is a generic term applied to several castes of traditional farmers in Western India. These include the Dhonoje, Ghatole, Masaram, Hindre, Jadav, Jhare, Khaire, Lewa, Lonare and Tirole communities of Vidarbha. The communities are largely found in the state of Maharashtra but also exist in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa. Kunbis are included among the Other Backward Classes (OBC) in Maharashtra.
The Patil is an Indian last name and a title or surname. The female variant of the title is Patlin or Patlinbai, and is also used to describe the wife of a Patil.
The Chitpavan Brahmin or the Kokanastha Brahmin is a Hindu Maharashtrian Brahmin community inhabiting Konkan, the coastal region of the state of Maharashtra. Initially working as messengers and spies in the late seventeenth century, the community came into prominence during the 18th century when the heirs of Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath became the de facto rulers of the Maratha empire. Until the 18th century, the Chitpavans were held in low esteem by the Deshastha, the older established Brahmin community of Karnataka-Maharashtra region.
The Maratha Clan System, refers to the 96 Maratha clans.The clans together form the Maratha caste of India. These Marathas primarily reside in the Indian state of Maharashtra, with smaller regional populations in other states.
The early history of slavery in the Indian subcontinent is contested because it depends on the translations of terms such as dasa and dasyu. Greek writer Megasthenes, in his 4th century BCE work Indika, states that slavery was banned within the Maurya Empire, while the multilingual, mid 3rd Century BCE, Edicts of Ashoka independently identify obligations to slaves and hired workers, within the same Empire.
The Maratha invasions of Bengal (1742–1751), also known as the Maratha expeditions in Bengal, were the frequent invasions by the Maratha forces in the Bengal Subah, after their successful campaign in the Carnatic region at the Battle of Trichinopoly. The leader of the expeditions was Raghoji Bhonsle of Nagpur. The Marathas invaded Bengal five times from April 1742 to March 1751, which caused widespread economic losses in the Bengal Subah.
Peter James Marshall is a British historian known for his work on the British Empire, particularly the activities of British East India Company servants in 18th-century Bengal, and also the history of British involvement in North America during the same period. He is not to be confused with his contemporary, the other P. J. Marshall, who chronicled the history of public transport in the British Isles.
Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India. It is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. The region that comprises the state has a long history dating back to approximately 1300–700 BCE, although the present-day state was not established until 1960 CE.
The New Cambridge History of India is a major multi-volume work of historical scholarship published by Cambridge University Press. It replaced The Cambridge History of India published between 1922 and 1937.
David Anthony Washbrook was a British historian and author who studied modern India with a specific focus on the socio-political and economic conditions of South India between the 18th and 20th centuries. He was the director of the Centre for Indian Studies and a member of the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Oxford and later a research professor and fellow of South Asian history at Trinity College, Cambridge.
André Wink is an emeritus professor of history at University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is known for his studies on India and the Indian Ocean area, particularly over the medieval and early modern age. He is the author of a series of books published by Brill Academic, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press on al-Hind – a term used in Arab history to refer to the Islamized regions in the Indian subcontinent and nearby regions.
Indrani Chatterjee is an Indian-American historian, academic, and author. She is the John L. Nau III Distinguished Professor of the History and Principles of Democracy at the University of Virginia. She is known for writing about underexplored themes in South Asia’s past —including slavery, the household, and monasticism.
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