Marinobacter is a genus of bacteria found in sea water. They are also found in a variety of salt lakes. A number of strains and species can degrade hydrocarbons. The species involved in hydrocarbon degradation include M. alkaliphilus, M. arcticus, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus, M. maritimus, and M. squalenivorans.
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is a species of bacteria found in sea water which are able to degrade hydrocarbons. The cells are rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum.
The Nocardiaceae are a family of aerobic, non-fastidious, high G+C, Gram-positive actinomycetes that are commonly found in soil and water. Members of this family have been isolated from Antarctic soils. Nocardiaceae present coccobacilli, filamentous or, rarely, fragmented and palisading forms, and filamentous species grow in a branching morphological pattern similar to fungal hyphae.
Gallaecimonas is a recently described genus of bacteria. The first described species of this genus was Gallaecimonas pentaromativorans gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated by Rodríguez Blanco et al. in 2010 from intertidal sediments of the ria of Corcubión. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, halotolerant bacterium in the class Gammaproteobacteria. It can degrade high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of 4 and 5 rings. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strain CEE_131(T) proved to be distantly related to those of Rheinheimera and Serratia. Its G+C content was 41.7 mol%.
Alcanivorax pacificus is a pyrene-degrading marine gammaproteobacterium. It is of the genus Alcanivorax, a group of marine bacteria known for degrading hydrocarbons. When originally proposed, the genus Alcanivorax comprised six distinguishable species. However, A. pacificus, a seventh strain, was isolated from deep sea sediments in the West Pacific Ocean by Shanghai Majorbio Bio-pharm Technology Co., Ltd. in 2011. A. pacificus’s ability to degrade hydrocarbons can be employed for cleaning up oil-contaminated oceans through bioremediation. The genomic differences present in this strain of Alcanivorax that distinguish it from the original consortium are important to understand to better utilize this bacteria for bioremediation.
Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic. With type strain US6-1T. Its genome has been sequenced.
Gordonia westfalica is a rubber-degrading actinomycete bacterium. It is aerobic and Gram-positive, with type strain Kb2T.
Aurantiacibacter atlanticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus Aurantiacibacter which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Atlantic Ocean. Erythrobacter atlanticus has the ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from water from the Botan Oil Port in Xiamen in China. Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans has the ability to degrade hydrocarbon compounds.
Gordonia alkanivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with tar and phenol in Rositz in Germany. Gordonia alkanivorans has the ability to metabolize hexadecane. The strain RIPI90A of Gordonia alkanivorans can desulfurize dibenzothiophene.
Gordonia araii is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from human sputum in Japan.
Gordonia cholesterolivorans is a bacterium from the genus Gordonia which has been isolated from sewage sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Ciudad Real in Spain. Gordonia cholesterolivorans has the ability to degrade cholesterol.
Gordonia iterans is a bacterium from the genus Gordonia which has been isolated from a patient with pneumonia.
Jongsikchunia kroppenstedtii is a bacterium from the genus Jongsikchunia which has been isolated from polluted stream in Gumi, Korea. Jongsikchunia kroppenstedtii has the ability to degrade phenol.
Gordonia neofelifaecis is a bacterium from the genus Gordonia which has been isolated from faeces from the leopard in the Sichuan Province in China.
Gordonia soli is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil in Taiwan.
Olivibacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.
Gordonia sp. nov. Q8 is a bacterium in the phylum of Actinomycetota. It was discovered in 2017 as one of eighteen new species isolated from the Jiangsu Wei5 oilfield in East China with the potential for bioremediation. Strain Q8 is rod-shaped and gram-positive with dimensions 1.0–4.0 μm × 0.5–1.2 μm and an optimal growth temperature of 40 °C. Phylogenetically, it is most closely related to Gordonia paraffinivorans and Gordonia alkaliphila, both of which are known bioremediators. Q8 was assigned as a novel species based on a <70% ratio of DNA homology with other Gordonia bacteria.
Desulfosarcina alkanivorans is a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium from the genus of Desulfosarcina which has been isolated from oil contaminated marine sediments from Shuaiba in Kuwait.
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria are a heterogeneous group of prokaryotes which can degrade and utilize hydrocarbon compounds as source of carbon and energy. Despite being present in most of environments around the world, several of these specialized bacteria live in the sea and have been isolated from polluted seawater.
