Graphis is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae.
Diorygma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Lithothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae. Most of the species are found in tropical climates, and are usually corticolous (bark-dwelling) or saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1885.
Sclerophyton is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. It has about 15 species. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824, with Sclerophyton elegans assigned as the type species.
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark. This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it, and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.
Graphis crebra is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. Like other script lichens, it grows on bark and resembles calligraphy. It can be distinguished from several other similar species by the white pruina (powder) on its apothecial discs.
Graphis plumierae is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It was described as new to science in 1915 by Finnish mycologist Edvard Vainio. The type was collected in Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. In 2016, G. plumierae was reported from Portugal, which was also a new occurrence for Europe.
Allographa leptospora is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. The lichen was first formally described in 1921 by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio as Graphis leptospora. The type specimen was collected in 1904 by German botanist Carl Curt Hosseus on Doi Suthep, where it was found growing on tree bark. Hosseus sent this and other lichens collected from Thailand to Vainio for identification. Robert Lücking and Klaus Kalb transferred it to the genus Allographa in 2018. In 2016, the lichen was reported from the Sintra Mountains, Portugal, which was its first documented occurrence in Europe.
Halegrapha is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has nine species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Eimy Rivas Plata and Robert Lücking, with Halegrapha chimaera assigned as the type species. The generic name honors American lichenologist Mason Hale.
Graphis tetralocularis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Rwanda, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Christina Bock and Markus Hauck. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Akagera National Park at an altitude of 1,369 m (4,491 ft); here it was found growing on a twig of a Nuxia floribunda tree. It is only known to occur at the type locality, which is a dry forest dominated by the trees Nuxia floribunda, Haplocoelum gallense, and Strychnos usambarensis. The lichen has a thin, smooth, whitish grey to grey-green crustose thallus. The specific epithet tetralocularis refers to the unusual morphology of its four-chambered ascospores. Graphis tetralocularis contains trace amounts of atranorin, a secondary chemical that can be detected using the technique of thin-layer chromatography.
Graphis breussii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2009 by Gerhard Neuwirth and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected by the first author from Samariapo. Here the lichen was found growing on the bark of dead branches of shrubs growing on granite rocks along the eastern banks of the Orinoco river. Characteristics of the lichen include the large, prominent lirellae with striate labia and a thin thalline cover, a completely carbonized (blackened) exciple, and four submuriform ascospores per ascus. It contains norstictic acid, a lichen product. The specific epithet honours Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss.
Heiomasia is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has five species.
Platythecium hypoleptum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae.
Graphis lueckingii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in southern Brazil, it was fornally described as a new species in 2010 by Manuela Dal-Forno and Sionara Eliasaro. The type specimen was collected by the first author in the Pontal do Paraná, where it was found growing on bark in a forest restinga. The species epithet honours lichenologist Robert Lücking.
Graphis desquamescens is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a broad distribution and can be found in various countries including Brazil, Dominica, the United States, Mexico, and Japan. It also occurs in different parts of Australia such as Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania. It was reported as new to Myanmar in 2020.
Diaphorographis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2009 by lichenologists Alan W. Archer and Klaus Kalb, with D. queenslandica as the type species. The genus is distinguished from Graphis by the I– (iodine-negative) ascospores, and from Carbacanthographis) by the absence of periphysoids. Collectively, the genus is found in northern Queensland, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands. Although the genus was originally reported to not contain any lichen products, a later reexamination of the type species revealed the presence of protocetraric acid.
Graphis flavovirens is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in the Andaman Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from Parlobjig. The species epithet "flavovirens", which combines the Latin words for yellow and green, refers to the colour of the thallus. Its ascomata are in the form of conspicuous lirellae: they are long and black, with a branching pattern ranging from simple to radiately and profusely branched; this particular branching pattern is known as the centrifuga-morph. G. flavovirens produces ellipsoidal ascospores that have from 3 to 9 transverse septa and measure 16–42 by 4–8 μm. G. flavovirens contains two lichen products: stictic acid and constictic acid.
Graphis palmicola is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found on the Nicobar Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2005 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The type specimen was collected from a beach forest in Katchal Island, where it was found growing on a coconut tree. The species epithet, which combines the Latin Palma and cola ("exists"), refers to its host. The ascomata of the lichen are in the form of lirellae, which are elongated and irregularly branched; this particular branching pattern is known as the handelii-morph.
