Guaribas Biological Reserve

Guaribas Biological Reserve
Guaribas Biological Reserve
	Reserva Biológica Guaribas
	IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
	Location in Brazil
Coordinates	6°42′54″S35°10′52″W / 6.715°S 35.181°W Coordinates: 6°42′54″S35°10′52″W / 6.715°S 35.181°W
Area	4,052 hectares (10,010 acres)
Designation	biological reserve
Created	25 January 1990

Last updated April 05, 2019

Guaribas Biological Reserve (Portuguese : Reserva Biológica Guaribas) is a biological reserve in the state of Paraíba, Brazil.

Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. Reintegrationists maintain that Galician is not a separate language, but a dialect of Portuguese. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation is referred to as "Lusophone" (Lusófono).

A biological reserve in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area of Brazil, a conservation unit that aims for full preservation of biota and other natural attributes without human interference. It may be visited only with prior approval of the responsible agency, and only for research or educational purposes.

Paraíba is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and it is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Paraíba is the third most densely populated state of the Northeast; João Pessoa, the sea-bordered state capital, and Campina Grande, in the interior, rank among the fifteen-largest municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil.

Location

The 4,052 hectares (10,010 acres) reserve was created on 25 January 1990. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.^[1] The reserve is in the municipalities of Rio Tinto and Mamanguape in the state of Paraíba. Altitude varies from 120 to 204 metres (394 to 669 ft) above sea level. Average annual rainfall is 1,750 millimetres (69 in). Temperature varies from 18 to 36 °C (64 to 97 °F) with an average of 28 °C (82 °F).^[2]

Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation organization

The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm. Its acronym is "ICMBio". It is named after the environmental activist Chico Mendes.

Rio Tinto, Paraíba is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Mamanguaipe is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

The reserve is on the Borborema Plateau, with slopes that face east and south east. The terrain is flat, with gentle undulations. The reserve contains parts of the basins of the Mamanguape and Camaratuba rivers. It contains the Descanso or Caiana Lagoon, which dries up completely in the dry season.^[2]

The Borborema Plateau is a plateau in northeastern Brazil which extends across the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte. The plateau is the northeasternmost portion of the Brazilian Highlands and is the most relevant watershed of its region. It ranges approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) from north to south and 200 kilometres (120 mi) from east to west. More than 100 rivers originate from the plateau, including the Moxotó, Mundaú, Pajeú, Paraíba do Norte, Seridó, and Una.

The Mamanguape River is a river in the Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil.

Ecology

The reserve is in a transition zone between the Atlantic Forest, caatinga and cerrado biomes. The area is mostly forest-covered, although there are some patches of open cerrado vegetation which once stretched to the coast. The area has suffered from the removal of timber in some areas, which are now in the process of regeneration. There have been frequent incursions by people removing timber and gathering fruit. Adult and sapling specimens of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil wood) are common. Selective illegal logging of this species has opened large clearings in the forest, allowing establishment of pioneer species.^[2]

The Atlantic Forest is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera.

Caatinga is a type of desert vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name "Caatinga" is a Tupi word meaning "white forest" or "white vegetation".

The Cerrado is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil, particularly in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Minas Gerais. The Cerrado biome core areas are the plateaus in the center of Brazil. The main habitat types of the Cerrado include: forest savanna, wooded savanna, park savanna and gramineous-woody savanna. Savanna wetlands and gallery forests are also included. The second largest of Brazil's major habitat types, after the Amazonian rainforest, the Cerrado accounts for a full 21 percent of the country's land area.

Conservation

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is to fully protect the biota and other natural attributes without human interference. Specifically, it is to protect one of the last well-preserved remnants of Atlantic Forest in the north east of Brazil, which may be harboring a variety of plant and animal species, and may play an important role in preserving genetic diversity.^[2]

IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Protected species include white-necked hawk (Buteogallus lacernulatus), oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), black-cheeked gnateater (Conopophaga melanops), rufous gnateater (Conopophaga lineata), buff-throated purpletuft (Iodopleura pipra), blue-crowned motmot (Momotus momota), scalloped antbird (Myrmeciza ruficauda), spot-winged wood quail (Odontophorus capueira), rusty-margined guan (Penelope superciliaris), golden-spangled piculet (Picumnus exilis), white-throated spadebill (Platyrinchus mystaceus) and plain xenops (Xenops minutus).^[1]

The white-necked hawk is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

The oncilla, also known as the northern tiger cat, little spotted cat, and tigrillo, is a small spotted cat ranging from Central America to central Brazil. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because the population is threatened by deforestation and conversion of habitat to agricultural land.

The black-cheeked gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae endemic to Brazil. The male is distinguished by its orange crown, black face and white throat, while the female has brown plumage.

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References

Sources

Reserva Biológica Guaribas (in Portuguese), Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation , retrieved 2016-04-15
Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Biológica Guaribas (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-04-26

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[FOOTNOTEReserva_Biológica_Guaribas_–_ICMBC-1] 1 2 Reserva Biológica Guaribas – ICMBC.

[FOOTNOTEUnidade_de_Conservação_..._MMA-2] 1 2 3 4 Unidade de Conservação ... MMA.

v t e Biological reserve (Brazil)
Amazon	Abufari Guaporé Gurupi Jaru Lago Piratuba Maicuru Manicoré Morro dos Seis Lagos Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Parazinho Rio Ouro Preto Rio Trombetas Tapirapé Traçadal Uatumã
Atlantic Forest	Andradina Araras Araucárias Augusto Ruschi Bom Jesus Canela Preta Carmo da Mata Colônia 31 de Março Córrego do Veado Córrego Grande Fazenda São Mateus Fontes do Ipiranga Guaribas Lapinha Mata Escura Mata Paludosa Pedra Talhada Perobas Pindorama Poço das Antas Saltinho Santa Rita São Sebastião do Paraíso Serra Negra Sooretama Tamboré Tinguá Una União Vila Facchini
Caatinga	Jaíba
Cerrado	Contagem Culuene Mogi-Guaçu Professor José Ângelo Rizzo
Coastal marine	Atol das Rocas Banhados do Delta Comboios Guaratiba Ilha do Cabo Frio Lami José Lutzenberger Marinha do Arvoredo Praia do Sul Santa Isabel
Pampas	Ibirapuitã São Donato