Black-cheeked gnateater | |
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Adult male in São Paulo, Brazil | |
Adult female in São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Conopophagidae |
Genus: | Conopophaga |
Species: | C. melanops |
Binomial name | |
Conopophaga melanops (Vieillot, 1818) | |
The black-cheeked gnateater (Conopophaga melanops) is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae endemic to Brazil. The male is distinguished by its orange crown, black face and white throat, while the female has brown plumage.
French naturalist Louis Pierre Vieillot described the black-cheeked gnateater in 1818, giving it the species name melanops from the Ancient Greek words melas "black" and ops "face". [2] The black-cheeked gnateater has three subspecies:
Measuring 11.5 cm (4.5 in), the black-cheeked gnateater is a small round bird with a short tail. It exhibits sexual dimorphism, as the male has distinctive coloured plumage and the female is a more overall brown in color. The male has a black face and cheeks with a contrasting orange crown and white throat. The upperparts are brownish and the underparts pale grey, the belly feathers more white and the flanks tending to buff. The female is more brown above with a white eyebrow and buff patch on the wings. It resembles the rufous gnateater. [3]
The black-cheeked gnateater is found in eastern Brazil, from Paraíba to Santa Catarina. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, where it is a bird of the understory and forest floor. [3] Its range along the eastern coastal areas of Brazil has been fragmented by destruction of habitat. [4] Despite the showy plumage, this and other gnateaters are furtive and not often seen. [3]
The black-cheeked gnateater is monogamous and territorial, the average size for a territory measured at 2.94 hectares. [4] Breeding takes place over three months and the platform-like nest is constructed on branches or a palm leaf near the ground. A clutch of two eggs is laid. [4]
The western black-eared wheatear is a wheatear, a small migratory passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher. It was formerly considered conspecific with the eastern black-eared wheatear.
The gnateaters are a bird family, Conopophagidae, consisting of twelve small suboscine passerine species in two genera, which occur in South and Central America.
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The rufous gnateater is a passerine bird of the gnateater family, Conopophagidae. It is found in forest understory and bushes in eastern Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul north to central Brazil. Its range also extends into eastern Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina and it has recently been recorded in Uruguay. It is often elusive and hard to see, but is commoner and less shy than other gnateaters.
The slaty gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The chestnut-belted gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae, the gnateaters. It is found in the Amazon Basin of northern Brazil, southern Colombia and eastern Peru and Ecuador; also the Guianan countries of Guyana, Suriname and eastern French Guiana. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest.
The chestnut-crowned gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The black-bellied gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The ash-throated gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
The hooded gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is endemic to northern Brazil.
The yellow-backed tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, the tanagers. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname; also extreme eastern Panama in Central America. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest.
The Sahel bush sparrow or bush petronia, is a species of bird in the family Passeridae. It is found in Africa from Mauritania to Guinea and east to Eritrea and the south-western Arabian Peninsula in its natural habitats of dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.
The wren-like rushbird is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The eared pitta is a species of bird in the pitta family, Pittidae, and is found in Southeast Asia.
Saltinho Biological Reserve is a Biological Reserve near Tamandaré in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. It contains a sample of the tropical Atlantic Forest biome.
Guaribas Biological Reserve is a biological reserve in the state of Paraíba, Brazil.
The Ceará gnateater or Caatinga gnateater is a passerine bird of the gnateater family, Conopophagidae. It is found in forest understory and bushes in northeastern Brazil.
The black-breasted gnateater is a species of bird in the family Conopophagidae. It is found in Amazonian Brazil.