Abufari Biological Reserve | |
---|---|
Reserva Biológica do Abufari | |
IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve) | |
Location | Amazonas (Brazilian state) |
Nearest city | Tapauá |
Coordinates | 5°15′11″S63°04′16″W / 5.253°S 63.071°W Coordinates: 5°15′11″S63°04′16″W / 5.253°S 63.071°W |
Area | 233,864.64 hectares (577,892.1 acres) |
Designation | Biological reserve |
Created | 20 September 1982 |
Administrator | ICMBio |
Abufari Biological Reserve (Portuguese : Reserva Biológica do Abufari) is a biological reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. [1] It is mostly lowland tropical rainforest, with very diverse flora and fauna.
Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation may be referred to as "Lusophone" in both English and Portuguese.
A biological reserve in Brazil is a legally defined type of protected area of Brazil, a conservation unit that aims for full preservation of biota and other natural attributes without human interference. It may be visited only with prior approval of the responsible agency, and only for research or educational purposes.
Amazonas is a state of Brazil, located in the North Region in the northwestern corner of the country. It is the largest Brazilian state by area and the 9th largest country subdivision in the world, and is greater than the areas of Uruguay, Paraguay, and Chile combined. Mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere, it is the third largest country subdivision in the Southern Hemisphere after the Australian states of Western Australia and Queensland. It would be the sixteenth largest country in land area, slightly larger than Mongolia. It is larger than the whole of the Northeast Region of Brazil with its nine states. Amazonas is roughly 90% the size of the U.S. state of Alaska and is equivalent to 2.25 times the area of Texas.
The Abufari Biological Reserve is in the Amazon biome in the municipality of Tapauá, Amazonas. [2] It was created on 20 September 1982 and has an area of 233,864.64 hectares (577,892.1 acres). It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. [3] To the northeast the reserve adjoins the 1,008,167 hectares (2,491,230 acres) Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve, established in 2003. [4] The terrain is mostly lowland, with altitude from 20 to 70 metres (66 to 230 ft). The Purus River and its tributaries run through the reserve, which also includes a system of lagoons. [2]
The Amazon biome contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firme forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations.
Tapauá is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 17,693 (2005) and its area is 89,324 km², making it the third largest municipality in Amazonas and the fifth largest in Brazil.
The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's administrative arm. Its acronym is "ICMBio". It is named after the environmental activist Chico Mendes.
Average annual rainfall is 4,000 millimetres (160 in). Temperatures vary from 20 to 40 °C (68 to 104 °F), with an average of 25 °C (77 °F). [2] The reserve has one of the largest nesting areas for freshwater Amazon turtles, where more than 200,000 freshwater turtles are born each year. Species include the endangered Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa), the six-tubercled Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis sextuberculata) and the yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis). The Abufari reserve has several areas of extreme diversity including the Chapéu complex, an ecosystem that consists of hundreds of lakes, ponds, creeks and areas of flooded forest. [2]
The Arrau turtle, also known as the South American river turtle, giant South American turtle, giant Amazon River turtle, Arrau sideneck turtle or simply the Arrau, is the largest of the side-neck turtles (Pleurodira) and the largest freshwater turtle in Latin America. The species primarily feeds on plant material and typically nests in large groups on beaches. Due to hunting of adults, collecting of their eggs, pollution, habitat loss, and dams, the Arrau turtle is seriously threatened.
The six-tubercled Amazon River turtle or six-tubercled river turtle is a species of turtle in the family Podocnemididae.
The yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle or yellow-spotted river turtle is one of the largest South American river turtles. It can grow up to 45 cm long and weigh up to 8 kg. This species can be recognized by its black or brown oval carapace with distinctive low keels on the second and third scutes. Yellow spots on the side of its head give this species its common name. These spots are most prominent in juveniles and fade with age. Females can be up to twice the size of males.
Migratory bird species include American purple gallinule (Porphyrio martinicus), solitary sandpiper (Tringa solitaria), yellow-billed tern (Sternula superciliaris), black skimmer (Rynchops niger), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), Swainson's flycatcher (Myiarchus swainsoni), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), tropical kingbird, fork-tailed flycatcher (Tyrannus savana), southern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis), grey-breasted martin (Progne chalybea) and sand martin (Riparia riparia). [2]
The purple gallinule is a swamphen since it has the genus Porphyrio. They are in the order Gruiformes, which means "crane-like", and within the order there are cranes, rails, and crakes. The purple gallinule is a rail species which places them into the family, Rallidae. They are also known locally as the yellow-legged gallinule. The specific name martinica denotes "of Martinique".
The solitary sandpiper is a small shorebird. The genus name Tringa is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific solitaria is Latin for "solitary" from solus, "alone".
The yellow-billed tern is a small seabird found in South America. It is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are rivers, swamps, and freshwater lakes.
The Abufari Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is full preservation of its biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference. [2] Protected species include giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), cougar (Puma concolor) and Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). [3] An ordinance of 9 January 2012 provided for a consistent and integrated approach to preparing management plans for the conservation units in the BR-319 area of influence. These are the Abufari Biological Reserve, Cuniã Ecological Station, Nascentes do Lago Jari and Mapinguari national parks, Balata-Tufari, Humaitá and Iquiri national forests, and the Lago do Capanã-Grande, Rio Ituxi, Médio Purus and Lago do Cuniã extractive reserves. [5]
IUCN protected area categories, or IUCN protected area management categories, are categories used to classify protected areas in a system developed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
The giant otter or giant river otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is a South American carnivorous mammal. It is the longest member of the Mustelidae, or weasel family, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to 1.7 metres (5.6 ft). Atypical of mustelids, the giant otter is a social species, with family groups typically supporting three to eight members. The groups are centered on a dominant breeding pair and are extremely cohesive and cooperative. Although generally peaceful, the species is territorial, and aggression has been observed between groups. The giant otter is diurnal, being active exclusively during daylight hours. It is the noisiest otter species, and distinct vocalisations have been documented that indicate alarm, aggression and reassurance.
The cougar, also commonly known by other names including catamount, mountain lion, panther, and puma, is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae native to the Americas. Its range, from the Canadian Yukon to the southern Andes of South America, is the widest of any large wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere. An adaptable, generalist species, the cougar is found in most American habitat types. It is the biggest cat in North America, and the second-heaviest cat in the New World after the jaguar. Secretive and largely solitary by nature, the cougar is properly considered both nocturnal and crepuscular, although daytime sightings do occur. The cougar is more closely related to smaller felines, including the domestic cat, than to any species of subfamily Pantherinae, of which only the jaguar is native to the Americas.
The Purus River or Rio Purús is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America. Its drainage basin is 63,166 km2 (24,389 sq mi), and the mean discharge is 8,400 m³/s. The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park as well as the Purús Province, one of the four provinces of Peru in the Ucayali Region.
Beruri is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 13,220 (2005) and its area is 17,251 km².
Rio Trombetas Biological Reserve is a federally-administered biological reserve in the municipality of Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil. It covers a large area of Amazon biome including rainforest, wetlands and water.
Lago Piratuba Biological Reserve is a biological reserve in the state of Amapá, Brazil.
Uatumã Biological Reserve is a Biological reserve around the river Uatumã in the state of Amazonas in Brazil.
Cuniã Ecological Station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica de Cuniã is a strictly protected ecological station in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil. It preserves an area of savannah parkland on the border of the Amazon rainforest. The conservation unit is rich in lakes and ponds, and serves as a nursery for various species of fish.
Iquiri National Forest is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is a sustainable use conservation unit, so harvesting of forest resources such as timber is allowed in accordance with a management plan.
Nascentes do Lago Jari National Park is a national park in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It protects an area of Amazon rainforest in the BR-319 highway area of influence.
The Jari River is a river in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, a tributary of the Purus River.
Mapinguari National Park is a national park in the states of Rondônia and Amazonas, Brazil. It covers a large area of Amazon rainforest. The boundaries have been adjusted several times.
The Balata-Tufari National Forest is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It was created to support sustainable extraction of forest products such as timber subject to restrictions and regulations defined by law or the responsible agency, ICMBio.
The Humaitá National Forest is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Bom Jesus Biological Reserve is a biological reserve in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
Piagaçu-Purus Sustainable Development Reserve is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Lago do Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas.
The Ituxi Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Médio Purus Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Lago do Cuniã Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
The Mapiá-Inauini National Forest is a national forest in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.