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Gunnar Beck is a German academic, lawyer and sometime politician. [1] Beck has both won wider public and academic acclaim, and provoked fierce criticism in response to, his work on the legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice [2] , the legal and political aspects of the euro and migration crises [3] and on 18th/19th century German moral and legal philosophy, especially the works of Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte [4] .
Gunnar Beck read philosophy, politics and English and European law in Oxford and at the Inner Temple, London. Beck studied with a range of world-renowned political, moral and legal philosophers at Oxford and completed his doctorate in political and legal philosophy under the supervision of Professor Sir Isaiah Berlin in 1996 at Nuffield College, Oxford. He qualified as a barrister of the Inner Temple in 2000 and subsequently worked for the international law firm Herbert Smith and as Deputy Legal Adviser (EU law) at the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Parliament. He since combines academic work with legal practice as a lawyer specialising in EU law. [5] He is a specialist in EU law and has taught the subject at SOAS, University of London since 2005. He previously taught political philosophy, moral & legal philosophy at Oxford University and EU law and legal philosophy at the LSE. He has been a reader in EU law at the SOAS, University of London since 2005 [6] [7] .
In his 2013 study entitled The Legal Reasoning of the Court of Justice of the EU [8] Beck argues that The ECJ was established at the same time as the EU (then the European Economic Community) to settle disputes between the EU’s institutions and its member states and to provide authoritative guidance on the interpretation of the EU Treaties and EU legislation. He claims that it has never discharged that function impartially. He says, the Court has drawn inspiration from its integrationist vision of ‘"ever closer union" between the EU’s members, the Court has used the purposive approach consistently to resolve legal disputes concerning the distribution of powers between the EU and members in a pro-integrationist manner. He concluded the Court has repeatedly the scope of EU law without reference to the Treaties. and established its own judicial oversight over many areas of national law. It has usually done so in the absence of Treaty authority and not infrequently in a departure from clear language in the Treaties or EU legislation. As a result, the scope of EU law is incrementally expanding from one judicial decision to the next. [9]
Beck joined the Alternative for Germany in 2014, when the AfD was widely regarded as an economically liberal, eurosceptic and socially conservative party. He became a EU legal adviser to the party in the same year and served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 and 2024. From 2022 to May 2024 held the position of Vice-President of the Identity & Democracy Group. .was a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 to 2024, [10] where he represented the German party Alternative für Deutschland. In March 2022 he was elected Vice President of the Parliament's Identity and Democracy (ID) Group . [11] From 2020 to 2022 he led the ID delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe. Beck repeatedly criticized the pseudo-democratic processes of the Conference which lacked democratic legitimacy. He revealed that the 800 citizens who ostensibly drew up the Conference's final recommendations had been handpicked by EU officials and pro-EU non-governmental organizations and that throughout the process and before each of the over a dozen Conference plenary sessions in Strasbourg, the citizens had been closely advised and briefed by EU and NGO Spinelli experts. Beck concluded that the Conference recommendations bore a striking resemblance to previous European Commission white papers and blueprints for EU treaty reform. They had not been written by the Conference, but drawn up behind closed doors and pulled out of locked drawers just in time before the final presentation in May 2022. Beck called the Conference's citizens' participation nothing but a charade.
During his parliamentary term Beck was also a member of other EU Parliamentary committees: Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs ECON; Committee on Legal Affairs; and the Committee on Constitutional Affairs as well as Delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee; from 2021 he also served on the Subcommittee on Tax Matters. [11]
As early as April 2021 he called for Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, to resign over the "disastrous" EU Covid vaccination and lockdown policy. He said "von der Leyen was a disastrous minister in Germany, and has proved the same now as Commission President." [12] In 2023 he congratulated her on achieving almost all her policy objections, but added that "her remarkable successes would ultimately proved more expensive and disastrous to the peoples of Europe than all the failures of her predecessors taken together."
Beck first grew to public prominence in Germany as an outspoken early critic of the euro rescue and inflationary policies of the European Central Bank and successive German governments from 2011, which, he argued, would lead to higher public indebtedness, fuel asset price and, eventually, consumer inflation, increase economic inequality and undermine economic competitiveness and expedite Germany's and the EU's economic decline. He publicly called the ECB President Mario Draghi a "vile and vicious money slave [elender Finanzknecht]" for fetishizing the common currency and favouring short-term markets-driven policies over economic reconstruction. In 2024 Beck criticised the German government's climate and energy policies as "part and parcel of the world's most stupid set of economic and social experimental policies ever conceived anywhere at any time". Germany, he stated, was "well on her way to becoming the world's first deliberately de-developing country."
In contrast to many other AfD politicians, Beck has at times displayed an ambiguous attitude to sexual politics. He has dismissed gender and identity politics and affirmative action programmes for sexual or ethnic minorities as "Quoten-Klimbin" [13] and the death of rational political debate. Although Beck often approvingly quoted Siegmund Freud and Alfred Adler in his parliamentary speeches, he has dismissed sexuality as "simply overrated in politics and elsewhere." Civilisation rested on discontent, and one of the problems of modernity, he said with reference to Freud, was the fact that people were inadequately repressed. However, Beck distanced himself from the socially regressive views of his reactionary colleague Maximilian Krah on the grounds that women should not be reduced to their reproductive role. Women should have equal rights with men, but no special rights, and the same should apply to other sexual groups.
Prior to the European Parliament election, it was reported that Beck was listed on the ballot paper as holding a professorship, even though he holds the less senior rank of reader at SOAS. The German Bundeswahlleiter, however, has confirmed that Beck was not responsible for the information on the ballot paper, as he simply entered his first name and his surname without any titles.[ citation needed ] Accordingly, Beck explained that he had merely translated his British university title and defended his actions as "legally unobjectionable and correct in content." [14] Yet, according to the Ministry of Science and Culture of North Rhine-Westphalia, which is governed by the ruling CDU in coalition with the FDP Liberal Party, the "simple conversion of a British university position into a German title" may not be lawful in Germany even if it is a correct translation of the equivalent professional position of a person. [15] [16]
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