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The Guiana Shield is one of the three cratons of the South American Plate. It is a 1.7 billion-year-old Precambrian geological formation in northeast South America that forms a portion of the northern coast. The higher elevations on the shield are called the Guiana Highlands, which is where the table-like mountains called tepuis are found. The Guiana Highlands are also the source of some of the world's most well-known waterfalls such as Angel Falls, Kaieteur Falls and Cuquenan Falls.
Hevea is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, with about ten members. It is also one of many names used commercially for the wood of the most economically important rubber tree, H. brasiliensis. The genus is native to tropical South America but is widely cultivated in other tropical countries and naturalized in several of them. It was first described in 1775.
Pouteria is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical Americas, with outlier species in Cameroon and Malesia. It includes the canistel, the mamey sapote, and the lucuma. Commonly, this genus is known as pouteria trees, or in some cases, eggfruits.
The Guianan white-eared opossum is an opossum species from South America. It is found in Brazil, Suriname, French Guiana and Venezuela.
Oenocarpus is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms (Arecaceae) native to Trinidad, southern Central and tropical South America. With nine species and one natural hybrid, the genus is distributed from Costa Rica and Trinidad in the north to Brazil and Bolivia in the south.
Mycelial cords are linear aggregations of parallel-oriented hyphae. The mature cords are composed of wide, empty vessel hyphae surrounded by narrower sheathing hyphae. Cords may look similar to plant roots, and also frequently have similar functions; hence they are also called rhizomorphs. As well as growing underground or on the surface of trees and other plants, some fungi make mycelial cords which hang in the air from vegetation.
Peckoltia is a genus of small South American armored suckermouth catfishes. Many of these fish are popular aquarium fish.
The marbled wood quail, also known as the Amazonian wood quail, is a species of bird in the New World quail family. It has an extensive distribution in Central America and the northern part of South America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.
Choeradodis stalii is a species of praying mantis with common names that include tropical shield mantis, hooded mantis, and leaf mantis. It is found in Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, and Peru.
The Physalacriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, ranging from the Arctic, (Rhizomarasmius), to the tropics, e.g. Gloiocephala, and from marine sites (Mycaureola) and fresh waters (Gloiocephala) to semiarid forests (Xerula).
Bocoa is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae). It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae (Papilionoideae). Several species in the genus were recently reclassified as Trischidium.
Chlorocardium is a genus of the family Lauraceae. It contains only three species, C. esmeraldense, C. rodiei and C. venenosum, and is native to northern South America. The name Chlorocardium means green heart, referring to the wood.
Heliogaster is a sequestrate genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Heliogaster columellifer, found in Japan. The genus was first described in 2010, to accommodate the species formerly named Octaviania columellifera by Kobayasi in 1937.
The painted wood turtle or spot-legged wood turtle is a species of turtle belonging to the genus Rhinoclemmys of the family Geoemydidae.
Leucangium is a genus of ascomycete fungi. The genus was circumscribed by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1883. Although classified in the Helvellaceae in the past, molecular analysis indicates it is closely related to the genus Fischerula and Imaia, and therefore must be placed in the Morchellaceae. The genus includes two species, Leucangium ophthalmosporum Quél. and L. carthusianum Paol., and both of them produce sequestrate ascoma, globose to ellipsoidal ascus, and dark olive-colored to grayish green, smooth, fusiform ascospores.
Kubitzia is an American neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Lauraceae with two species from South America.
Thaxterogaster argyrionus is a species of sequestrate (truffle-like) fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as a new species in 2010, it is known only from New South Wales.
Boie's ground snake is a nocturnal and semi-fossorial snake species in the Colubridae family. Like the other members of the Atractus genus, its diet is composed predominantly of earthworms, which it actively hunts in the leaf litter of the primary and secondary rainforests it inhabits. The IUCN lists the species as 'Least Concern' because of its wide distribution, including in protected areas.
Aulonochares is a Neotropical genus of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae represented by three described species known from the Guiana Shield Region.
References
- ↑ Henkel TW, Smith ME, Aime MC (2010). "Guyanagaster, a new wood-decaying sequestrate genus of Agaricales from the Guiana Shield". American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1474–84. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000097. hdl: 10161/4195 . PMID 21616901.