Gymnopilus subspectabilis, commonly known as the big laughing mushroom, laughing gym, or giant gymnopilus, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae which contains the hallucinogenic drug psilocybin.
It is known to grow singly or in large clumps on stumps and logs. While very similar visually to Gymnopilus junonius, this large gym has a scaly cap or occasionally a fibrous or almost smooth cap and prefers hardwoods. These large mushrooms can often be found on stumps and roots growing in large clumps or singly.
Cap: 2 3⁄16"–6 13⁄16" convex to flat with an inrolled margin when young. Dry scaly or finely fibrillose especially toward the edge, becoming more scaly with age. Pale yellow with grayish or brownish orange bruises and discoloration
Gills: broadly attached, white to pale yellow with brownish orange to light brown stains where bruised.
Stem: 3 3⁄8″–3 7⁄8″ tall and 1⁄2″–3⁄4" thick. Pale yellow above the annulus and below is the same color but with gray orange discoloration. Parallel sides but tapered sharply at the base, occasionally swelling in the middle, moist, nearly scaly or finely fibrillose. Annulus is thin and membranous, almost fibrous evidence of it persisting to maturity often. Flesh is pale yellow developing brownish orange colors near the base
Spores: Rusty brown, ellipsoid, roughened or wrinkled, with distinctly conical points, darkening in KOH 7.1–10×4.4–6.2 μm
Habitat: saprotrophic on hardwoods mainly stumps and roots
Microscopic features: pleurocystidia 21–37.3 μm long 3.8–7.2 width, scattered flask or bowling pin shaped and cheilocystidia 23.2–37.2 μm long 4.1–8.6 μm width, swelling in the center sometimes or shaped like a flask. Caulocystidia abundant above the annulus produced in dense clusters directly on the stem, bowling pin shaped occasionally cylindrical but with a distinctive head 20.1–47.5 μm long 3.8–9.3 μm width. Basidia are 4 spored club shaped to cylindrical usually constricted near the center 26.3–37.9×6.6–9.3 μm
Gymnopilus junonius is a type of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Commonly known as the spectacular rustgill, this large orange mushroom is typically found growing on tree stumps, logs, or tree bases. Some subspecies of this mushroom contain the neurotoxic oligoisoprenoid gymnopilin.
Gymnopilus luteofolius, known as the yellow-gilled gymnopilus, is a large and widely distributed mushroom that grows in dense clusters on dead hardwoods and conifers. It grows in late July to November in the east and in the winter on the west coast of North America. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste.
Gymnopilus aeruginosus, also known as the magic blue gym, is a mushroom-forming fungus that grows in clusters on dead wood and wood chip mulch. It is widely distributed and common in the Pacific Northwest. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste and contains the psychedelic chemical psilocybin. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1951.
Gymnopilus sapineus, commonly known as the scaly rustgill or common and boring gymnopilus, is a small and widely distributed mushroom which grows in dense clusters on dead conifer wood. It has a rusty orange spore print and a bitter taste. This species does not stain blue and lacks the hallucinogen psilocybin.
Gymnopilus liquiritiae is a mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom is widely distributed and grows in dense clusters on dead conifer wood. It has a rusty orange spore print, a bitter taste, and does not contain the hallucinogen psilocybin. One of its key distinguishing features is the lack of partial veil.
Psilocybe graveolens is an extremely rare psilocybin mushroom which has psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds, discovered in the salt marshes or "meadows" of Hackensack, New Jersey. This mushroom is known for its strong and persistent odor.
Psilocybe stuntzii, also known as Stuntz's blue legs and blue ringers it is a psilocybin mushroom of the family Hymenogastraceae, having psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds.
Gymnopilus luteus, known as the yellow gymnopilus, is a widely distributed mushroom-forming fungus of the Eastern United States. It contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin. It is often mistaken for G. speciosissimus and G. subspectabilis.
Gymnopilus validipes is a mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It is widely distributed in North America and Europe.
Gymnopilus luteoviridis is a widely distributed mushroom-forming fungus of the Eastern United States that contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin.
Agaricus lilaceps, also known as the cypress agaricus or the giant cypress agaricus is a species of mushroom. It is among the largest and most choice edible Agaricus species in California. Aside from size, Agaricus lilaceps is characterized by a robust stature, as the stipe often club-shaped.
Gymnopilus cyanopalmicola is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Found in tropical Mexico, it was described as new to science by Mexican mycologist Laura Guzmán Dávalos in 2006. The flesh of this mushroom turns blue when bruised, hence the specific epithet.
Agaricus perobscurus, commonly known collectively with its close European relative Agaricus lanipes as the princess, is a basidiomycete fungus. A relative of Agaricus augustus, known as the prince, A. perobscurus can be differentiated in several aspects. While the prince is widely distributed in North America, the princess is found only in the San Francisco Bay Area. Besides its smaller size, it is distinguished from Agaricus augustus by a darker-brown cap, a patchy fibrillose stipe surface at youth, lacking densely floccose-scaly, and a different fruiting season. Another commonly closely associated Agaricus species, Agaricus praeclaresquamosus, is toxic. It can be differentiated by its dark-grey cap, a phenolic, rather than an anise odor, and a stipe base which yellows immediately when injured.
Agaricus benesii is an agaric mushroom of the genus Agaricus. This mushroom can be distinguished by a white cap that bruises pinkish-red when injured, a scaly lower stipe, and a conifer habitat. Similar to Agaricus californicus and A. xanthodermus, the cap discolors brown in age. A distinguishing feature of A. californicus and A. xanthodermus, however, is a thickened annulus at the margin, a phenolic odor, and a yellowing bruise, instead of red. In the case of Agaricus xanthodermus, it occurs quickly, though faintly to not at all in the case of A. californicus. Another similar species, Agaricus bernardii, also stains red and has white flesh, but differentiates on its larger bulk, a sheathing veil, briny odor, and different habitat, namely grass.
Leccinum manzanitae is an edible species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1971, it is commonly known as the manzanita bolete for its usual mycorrhizal association with manzanita trees. Its fruit bodies (mushrooms) have sticky reddish to brown caps up to 20 cm (8 in), and its stipes are up to 16 cm (6.3 in) long and 3.5 cm (1.4 in) thick. They have a whitish background color punctuated with small black scales known as scabers. Found only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada, it is the most common Leccinum species in California. The mushroom is edible, although opinions vary as to its quality. L. manzanitae can be usually distinguished from other similar bolete mushrooms by its large size, reddish cap, dark scabers on a whitish stipe, and association with manzanita and madrone.
Agaricus hondensis, commonly known as the felt-ringed agaricus, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The species was officially described in 1912 by mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, along with three other Agaricus species that have since been placed in synonymy with A. hondensis. Found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, A. hondensis fruits in the fall under conifers or in mixed forests.
Boletus rubroflammeus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described from Michigan in 1971, it is found in the eastern United States and Mexico, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with hardwood trees. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus have caps that are deep red to purplish red, and dark red pores. The stem has coarse, dark red reticulations and a narrow yellow area at the top. All parts of the mushroom quickly stain blue when injured or cut. Lookalikes include Boletus flammans, a lighter-colored species that grows with conifers. Other similar species can be distinguished by differences in distribution, morphology, staining reaction, and microscopic characteristics. Boletus rubroflammeus mushrooms are poisonous, and can cause gastrointestinal distress if consumed.
Boletus carminiporus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1998, the species is found in the southern United States where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with various trees in mixed forests.
Agaricus brunneofibrillosus, commonly known as the bleeding agaricus, is a mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. It has a medium to dark brown cap up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter with brownish fibrillose scales that darken in age. The tightly-packed gills are initially cream colored before becoming pinkish, lilac-gray, and finally brownish as the spores mature. The stout stem is enlarged to bulbous at the base which has one or more brown bands, and a white, membranous ring. The mushroom is edible, and has a pleasant odor similar to button mushrooms, and tastes similar to Agaricus bisporus when cooked.
Tricholoma vernaticum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma native to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The fungus was originally described in 1976 as a species of Armillaria when that genus was more inclusive; it received its current name twenty years later. The stout fruit bodies (mushrooms) have moist white to grayish caps, a membranous ring on the stipe, and an odor resembling cucumbers. Mycorrhizal with conifers, the fungus fruits in the spring or early summer, with its mushrooms appearing on the ground singly or in groups at high elevations, often at the edge of melting snowbanks. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown, but it has a strong unpleasant odor and a mealy taste.
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