Haitian parliamentary election, 2000

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Parliamentary elections in 2000 were held in Haiti in two separate sets of elections, on May 21, 2000 and July 9, 2000, for all 83 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and nineteen seats in the Senate, and later that year, at the same time as November 26, 2000 presidential election for eight Senate seats. The legislative elections and presidential elections in the fall ran largely smoothly, however the first and second rounds of the spring elections generated the most controversy.

Haiti country in the Caribbean

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola, east of Cuba in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is 27,750 square kilometres (10,714 sq mi) in size and has an estimated 10.8 million people, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole.

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Spring elections

After the first round of the spring elections on May 21, 2000, the number of Senate candidates chosen by the Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) to participate in a second round was disputed by opposition parties and OAS Electoral Commission, who regarded the way the Provisional Electoral Council (CEP) calculated the votes as unconstitutional. As a result, the opposition parties boycotted the second-round of elections, and the OAS Electoral Commission withdrew its observers. [1] [2] After a second-round voting took place on July 9 for 46 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and two seats in the Senate on July 9, the Fanmi Lavalas party won eighteen of the nineteen Senate seats and 72 of the 83 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Voter turnout was reported to be around 60% for the first round of elections and negligible for the second round of elections. [2]

Fanmi Lavalas political party

Fanmi Lavalas, is a social-democratic political party in Haiti. Its leader is former Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. It has been a powerful force in Haitian politics since 1991. Fanmi Lavalas governments advocate a policy of "growth with equity" based on Caribbean and Western European social democratic principles. Fanmi Lavalas governments have emphasised investment in education and health care as their priorities and have refused International Monetary Fund austerity measures.

Although the elections had been delayed several times and irregularities were reported on voting day, the balloting was judged to be free and fair. [3] According to the Center for International Policy, the elections were Haiti's best so far. [4] Controversy however affected the Senate race over the calculation of whether Senate candidates had achieved the majority required to avoid a run-off election (in Haiti, seats where no candidate wins an absolute majority of votes cast has to enter a second-round run-off election). The validity of the Electoral Council's post-ballot calculations of whether a majority had been attained was disputed.

The Center for International Policy (CIP) is a non-profit left of center public policy research and advocacy think tank with offices in Washington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War/American War. The Center describes its mission as promoting "cooperation, transparency and accountability in global relations. Through research and advocacy, our programs address the most urgent threats to our planet: war, corruption, inequality and climate change." The Center is the parent organization for a variety of projects, including Security Assistance Monitor, Win Without War and the Arms & Security Project. It also has collaborated with the Washington Office on Latin America and the Latin America Working Group to publish the Just the Facts website.

The results of the Chamber of Deputies were not disputed, [4] but controversy followed the decision of the CEP to declare first-round winners in seventeen of the Senate's nineteen seats. The CEP had changed its methodology on calculating the absolute majority for the Senate elections; it based the absolute majority on the number of votes cast for a limited number of candidates (usually the first four candidates with the most votes), instead of the total number of valid votes cast for all candidates. By applying the original methodology of absolute majority based on all votes cast to the first-round of Senate elections, the OAS contended that the ten Senate seats, rather than two, as asserted by the CEP, were eligible for run-off elections,. [4] [5] The OAS told the CEP of its error, but it declined to amend its calculation. The OAS suspended its observation activity and the opposition parties boycotted the run-off elections. [5] The head of the Electoral Council, Léon Manus, maintained that the calculation method "was in keeping with past practice", [4] and initially told the OAS not to interfere. He later changed his mind and did a recount, and spoke to Préval and Aristide, who "made forceful statements which Manus took as threats to his life", as a result of which he left the country. [6] Voting stations during the run-off elections for 46 deputies and two senators on July 9, 2000 were virtually empty. After this run-off election, Fanmi Lavalas was deemed to have won eighteen of the nineteen open Senate seats. [4] The various contestations about which candidates should have gone through run-off elections obscured the fact that the very popular Fanmi Lavalas party would have likely won the disputed seats if they were subjected to a run-off; journalist Michele Wucker writes that OAS observers "reported that the irregularities would not have affected the final outcome significantly." [7]

Michele M. Wucker /’wʊkər/ is an American author, commentator and policy analyst specializing in the world economy and crisis anticipation. She is the author of The Gray Rhino: How to Recognize and Act on the Obvious Dangers We Ignore, Lockout: Why America Keeps Getting Immigration Wrong when Our Prosperity Depends on Getting it Right and Why the Cocks Fight: Dominicans, Haitians and the Struggle for Hispaniola.

In response to the disputed election the United States cut off aid and blocked previously agreed loans from the Inter-American Development Bank. [4] "In 2001, a bankrupt Aristide agreed to virtually all of the concessions demanded by his opponents: he obliged the winners of the disputed Senate seats to resign, accepted the participation of several ex-Duvalier supporters in his new government, agreed to convene a new and more opposition-friendly CEP and to hold another round of legislative elections several years ahead of schedule. But the US still refused to lift its aid embargo." [4]

Inter-American Development Bank international organization

The Inter-American Development Bank is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. Established in 1959, the IDB supports Latin American and Caribbean economic development, social development and regional integration by lending to governments and government agencies, including State corporations.

Fall elections

The legislative elections on November 26, 2000 were to address the portion of the Senate that President Préval had kept intact after his dissolution of the Parliament in January 1999. These nine senators' terms had not yet expired by January 1999. During the joint presidential and legislative elections of November 26, 2000, boycotted by all the major opposition parties, these seats were won by Fanmi Lavalas Party. By the time President Aristide started his second term in February 2001, Fanmi Lavalas held 27 of the Senate seats.

Results

Chamber of Deputies

PartyVotes%Seats
Fanmi Lavalas 72
Christian National Movement 3
Louvri Baryé Party 2
Espace de Concentration 2
Other parties and independents3
Invalid/blank votes--
Total83
Source: IPU

Senate

PartyVotes%Seats
Fanmi Lavalas 27
Total27
Source: IPU

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References

  1. ↑ Nohlen, Dieter (2005). Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I. ISBN   9780199283576. p. 381.
  2. 1 2 Inter-Parliamentary Union. Elections held in 2000. Haiti: Parliamentary Chamber, Sénat.
  3. ↑ Erikson, Daniel P. (February 2005). "Haiti after Aristide: Still on the Brink". Currently History.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hallward, Peter (May–June 2004). "Option zero in Haiti". New Left Review . New Left Review. II (27).
  5. 1 2 OAS (13 July 2000). The OAS Electoral Observation Mission in Haiti: Chief of Mission Report to the OAS Permanent Council.
  6. ↑ Morrell, James R. (August 2000). "Snatching Defeat from the Jaws of Victory". haitipolicy.org. Center for International Policy.
  7. ↑ Wucker, Michele (Spring 2004). "Haiti: So Many Missteps". World Policy Journal. 46.
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