Hambergite

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Hambergite
Hambergite-rare-09-15a.jpg
2.3 × 1.1 × 1 cm crystal of hambergite on albite from Paprok, Nuristan Province, Afghanistan
General
Category Borate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)
Be2BO3OH
IMA symbol Hb [1]
Strunz classification 6.AB.05
Crystal system Orthorhombic
Crystal class Dipyramidal (mmm)
H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
Space group Pbca
Unit cell a = 9.76, b = 12.20
c = 4.43 [Å]; Z = 8
Identification
ColorColorless, pale gray, pale yellow
Crystal habit Prismatic crystals
Twinning On {110}
Cleavage Perfect on {010}, good on {100}
Tenacity Brittle
Mohs scale hardness7.5
Luster Vitreous
Streak White
Diaphaneity Transparent to translucent
Specific gravity 2.347–2.372
Optical propertiesBiaxial (+)
Refractive index nα = 1.554 – 1.560 nβ = 1.587 – 1.591 nγ = 1.628 – 1.631
Birefringence δ = 0.074
Pleochroism Colorless
2V angle 87°
Solubility Soluble in HF (Hydrogen fluoride)
References [2] [3] [4]

Hambergite (Be2BO3OH) is a beryllium borate mineral named after Swedish explorer and mineralogist Axel Hamberg (1863–1933). The mineral occurs as white or colorless orthorhombic crystals. [3] [4] [2]

Contents

Tabular, terminated crystal from the Gem Hill, Mesa Grande District, San Diego County, California (size: 1.5 x .8 x .5 cm) Hambergite-49057.jpg
Tabular, terminated crystal from the Gem Hill, Mesa Grande District, San Diego County, California (size: 1.5 × .8 × .5 cm)

Occurrence

Hambergite occurs in beryllium bearing granite pegmatites as a rare accessory phase. It occurs associated with beryl, danburite, apatite, spodumene, zircon, fluorite, feldspar and quartz. [2]

It was first described by mineralogist and geographer W. C. Brøgger in 1890. [5] The type locality is Salbutangen, Helgeroa, Langesundsfjorden, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway where it was found in a pegmatite dike of nepheline syenite composition. [3] [6]

Related Research Articles

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Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and flame test for lithium are diagnostic. Amblygonite forms a series with montebrasite, the low fluorine endmember. Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens. Amblygonite occurs with spodumene, apatite, lepidolite, tourmaline, and other lithium-bearing minerals in pegmatite veins. It contains about 10% lithium, and has been utilized as a source of lithium. The chief commercial sources have historically been the deposits of California and France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sillimanite</span> Nesosilicate mineral

Sillimanite or fibrolite is an aluminosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. Sillimanite is named after the American chemist Benjamin Silliman (1779–1864). It was first described in 1824 for an occurrence in Chester, Connecticut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phenakite</span>

Phenakite or phenacite is a fairly rare nesosilicate mineral consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be2SiO4. Occasionally used as a gemstone, phenakite occurs as isolated crystals, which are rhombohedral with parallel-faced hemihedrism, and are either lenticular or prismatic in habit: the lenticular habit is determined by the development of faces of several obtuse rhombohedra and the absence of prism faces. There is no cleavage, and the fracture is conchoidal. The Mohs hardness is high, being 7.5–8; the specific gravity is 2.96. The crystals are sometimes perfectly colorless and transparent, but more often they are greyish or yellowish and only translucent; occasionally they are pale rose-red. In general appearance the mineral is not unlike quartz, for which indeed it has been mistaken. Its name comes from Ancient Greek: φέναξ, romanized: phénax, meaning "deceiver" due to its close visual similarity to quartz, named by Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld in 1833.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bertrandite</span>

Bertrandite is a beryllium sorosilicate hydroxide mineral with composition: Be4Si2O7(OH)2. Bertrandite is a colorless to pale yellow orthorhombic mineral with a hardness of 6–7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tusionite</span> Yellow brown borate mineral

Tusionite is a rare colorless to transparent to translucent yellow brown trigonal borate mineral with chemical formula: MnSn(BO3)2. The mineral is composed of 18.86% manganese, 40.76% tin, 7.42% boron, and 32.96% oxygen. It is a late stage hydrothermal mineral and occurs rarely in granite pegmatites in miarolitic cavities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithiophilite</span>

Lithiophilite is a mineral containing the element lithium. It is lithium manganese(II) phosphate with chemical formula LiMnPO4. It occurs in pegmatites often associated with triphylite, the iron end member in a solid solution series. The mineral with intermediate composition is known as sicklerite and has the chemical formula Li(Mn,Fe)PO4). The name lithiophilite is derived from the Greek philos (φιλός) "friend", as lithiophilite is usually found with lithium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beryllonite</span>

Beryllonite is a rare sodium beryllium phosphate mineral with formula NaBePO4. The tabular to prismatic monoclinic crystals vary from colorless to white or pale yellowish, and are transparent with a vitreous luster. Twinning is common and occurs in several forms. It exhibits perfect cleavage in one direction. The hardness is 5.5 to 6 and the specific gravity is 2.8. Refractive indices are nα = 1.552, nβ = 1.558 and nγ = 1.561. A few crystals have been cut and faceted, but, as the refractive index is no higher than that of quartz, they do not make very brilliant gemstones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berborite</span>

Berborite is a beryllium borate mineral with the chemical formula Be2(BO3)(OH,F)·(H2O). It is colorless and leaves a white streak. Its crystals are hexagonal to pyramidal. It is transparent and has vitreous luster. It is not radioactive. Berborite is rated 3 on the Mohs Scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seamanite</span>

Seamanite, named for discoverer Arthur E. Seaman, is a rare manganese boron phosphate mineral with formula Mn3[B(OH)4](PO4)(OH)2. The yellow to pink mineral occurs as small, needle-shaped crystals. It was first discovered in 1917 from a mine in Iron County, Michigan, United States and identified in 1930. As of 2012, seamanite is known from four sites in Michigan and South Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microlite</span>

Microlite was once known as a pale-yellow, reddish-brown, or black isometric mineral composed of sodium calcium tantalum oxide with a small amount of fluorine. Its chemical formula is (Na,Ca)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F). Today it is a name of a group of oxide minerals of a similar stoichiometry having tantalum prevailing over titanium and niobium. The microlite group belongs to a large pyrochlore supergroup that occurs in pegmatites and constitutes an ore of tantalum. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a variable specific gravity of 4.2 to 6.4. It occurs as disseminated microscopic subtranslucent to opaque octahedral crystals with a refractive index of 2.0 to 2.2. Microlite is also called djalmaite, but both names are now obsolete.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafnon</span>

Hafnon is a hafnium nesosilicate mineral, chemical formula (Hf,Zr)SiO4 or (Hf,Zr,Th,U,Y)SiO4. In natural zircon ZrSiO4 part of the zirconium is replaced by the very similar hafnium and so natural zircon is never pure ZrSiO4. A zircon with 100% hafnium substitution can be made synthetically and is hafnon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Danalite</span> Iron beryllium silicate sulfide mineral

Danalite is an iron beryllium silicate sulfide mineral with formula: Fe2+4Be3(SiO4)3S.

Bityite is considered a rare mineral, and it is an endmember to the margarite mica sub-group found within the phyllosilicate group. The mineral was first described by Antoine François Alfred Lacroix in 1908, and later its chemical composition was concluded by Professor Hugo Strunz. Bityite has a close association with beryl, and it generally crystallizes in pseudomorphs after it, or in cavities associated with reformed beryl crystals. The mineral is considered a late-stage constituent in lithium bearing pegmatites, and has only been encountered in a few localities throughout the world. The mineral was named by Lacroix after Mt. Bity, Madagascar from where it was first discovered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wodginite</span>

Wodginite is a manganese, tin, tantalum oxide mineral with the chemical formula Mn2+(Sn,Ta)Ta2O8. It may also include significant amounts of niobium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stillwellite-(Ce)</span>

Stillwellite-(Ce) is a rare-earth boro-silicate mineral with chemical formula (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hureaulite</span> Manganese phosphate mineral

Hureaulite is a manganese phosphate with the formula Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O. It was discovered in 1825 and named in 1826 for the type locality, Les Hureaux, Saint-Sylvestre, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France. It is sometimes written as huréaulite, but the IMA does not recommend this for English language text.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serandite</span> Mineral

Serandite is a mineral with formula Na(Mn2+,Ca)2Si3O8(OH). The mineral was discovered in Guinea in 1931 and named for J. M. Sérand. Serandite is generally red, brown, black or colorless. The correct name lacks an accent.

Bobfergusonite is a mineral with formula Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6. The mineral varies in color from green-brown to red-brown. It was discovered in 1986 in Manitoba, Canada, and named for Robert Bury Ferguson (born 1920). As of 2012, the mineral has only been found in Canada and Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schiavinatoite</span>

Schiavinatoite is a very rare mineral, the niobium endmember of a borate solid solution with the chemical formula (Nb,Ta)BO4. The tantalum analogue is béhierite. Schiavinatoite is classified as monoborate. It contains tetrahedral borate anion instead of planar BO3 group, which is more common among minerals. Schiavinatoite is one of the most simple niobium minerals. Both minerals possess zircon-type structure (tetragonal, space group I41/amd) and occur in pegmatites. Schiavinatoite and nioboholtite are minerals with essential niobium and boron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Béhierite</span>

Béhierite is a very rare mineral, the tantalum endmember of a borate solid solution series with formula (Ta,Nb)BO4. The niobium analogue is schiavinatoite.

References

  1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi: 10.1180/mgm.2021.43 . S2CID   235729616.
  2. 1 2 3 "Hambergite" (PDF). Mineral Data Publishing. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 "Hambergite". mindat.org. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  4. 1 2 "Hambergite Mineral Data" . Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  5. Godal, Anne Marit (ed.). "hambergitt". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  6. Mindat location data

Bibliography