| Hamiota | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hamiota altilis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Unionidae |
| Tribe: | Lampsilini |
| Genus: | Hamiota Roe & Hartfield, 2005 |
Hamiota is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
The genus was created in 2005 by Roe and Hartfield. It consists of four species that had previously been placed in the genus Lampsilis . [1]
The genus name means "angler", derived from the Greek hamus, meaning "hook". The name refers to the lure by which the species attracts a host fish for their parasitic larvae. [1]
Species are found in the Gulf of Mexico river drainage in the southeastern United States, including the Mobile, Apalachicola, Ochlockonee, and Choctawhatchee rivers and their tributaries in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. [1]
Members of Hamiota are small- to medium-sized freshwater bivalves with an oval or elliptical shape, around 45-100mm in length. The shell shape is sexually dimorphic, with males being more acutely pointed on the posterior end. The marsupia (gills) are often asymmetrical. They release their lure and larvae through the excurrent siphon, instead of through pores in the ventral edge of the demibranches like members of Lampsilis . [1]
A unique feature of Hamiota is the superconglutinate lure, a discrete mass containing the larvae and resembling a small fish in shape and coloration, which remains tethered to the female by a long, transparent, mucous strand. The lure displays a darting motion in the water that mimics a small fish. When captured by a host fish, the larvae disperse and become attached to the host fish's gills. The strand may become detached from the female and be found snagged on debris, where it continues to show darting motion that may attract host fish. This tethered lure is one of the most elaborate strategies used by any freshwater mussel species to disperse their larvae. [2]
All four species of Hamiota are listed under the Endangered Species Act as Endangered or Threatened. [3] Some species have been extirpated from much of their historical range. Threats include alteration of river systems, sedimentation, and degradation of water quality. [4]
Unionida is a monophyletic order of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs. The order includes most of the larger freshwater mussels, including the freshwater pearl mussels. The most common families are the Unionidae and the Margaritiferidae. All have in common a larval stage that is temporarily parasitic on fish, nacreous shells, high in organic matter, that may crack upon drying out, and siphons too short to permit the animal to live deeply buried in sediment.
Epioblasma is a North American genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Most of the species in this genus have been lost in modern times, and the entire genus is threatened with the possibility of extinction.
The oyster mussel is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Virginia in the United States. It has been extirpated from the states of Georgia and North Carolina. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Lampsilis abrupta, the pink mucket or pink mucket pearly mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States.
Lampsilis is a genus of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. There are over 100 species in the genus.
Hamiota altilis, the finelined pocketbook, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
The lined pocketbook was a species of freshwater river mussel, an aquatic bivalve in the family Unionidae the river mussels. This species was endemic to the United States. It is now extinct.
Lampsilis cardium is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is known commonly as the plain pocketbook. It is widespread in eastern North America, where it is native to the Mississippi River and Great Lakes drainage systems.
Lampsilis higginsii is a rare species of freshwater mussel known as Higgins' eye pearly mussel or simply Higgins' eye. It is endemic to the United States, where it occurs in the upper Mississippi River and the drainages of some of its tributaries. It is threatened by the introduced zebra mussel. Lampsilis higginsii is a federally listed endangered species.
Lampsilis ovata, or pocketbook mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, a bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to eastern North America.
Hamiota perovalis, the orangenacre mucket or orange-nacre mucket, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
Lampsilis powellii is a rare species of freshwater mussel known by the common name Arkansas fatmucket. It is endemic to Arkansas in the United States, where it occurs in the Ouachita, Saline, and Caddo River systems. It is one of two mussels endemic to Arksansas, the other being speckled pocketbook. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States.
Lampsilis rafinesqueana, the Neosho mucket or Neosho pearly mussel, is a species of North American freshwater mussel endemic to Arkansas, Oklahoma, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas.
Lampsilis satura, also known as the sandbank pocketbook, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States.
Lampsilis streckeri, the speckled pocketbook, is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is endemic to Arkansas in the United States, where it is threatened by habitat loss. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
The birdwing pearlymussel is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve is native to Tennessee and Virginia in the United States. Its range has declined over 90%. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Medionidus penicillatus, the gulf moccasinshell, is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to Alabama, Florida, and Georgia in the United States, where it is in decline and has been extirpated from most of the rivers it once inhabited. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
The triangular kidneyshell is a species of freshwater mussel, in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is endemic to Alabama in the United States, where it is known from several rivers and streams in the Mobile River Basin. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
The shinyrayed pocketbook is a federally endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is endemic to the United States in the states of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.
Hamiota australis, the southern sandshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
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