Notes and references
Notes
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The politics of Zimbabwe occurs in a society deeply divided along lines of race, ethnicity, gender and geography. The ZANU–PF party has historically been dominant in Zimbabwe politics. The party, which was led by Robert Mugabe from 1980 to 2017, has used the powers of the state to intimidate, imprison and otherwise hobble political opposition in Zimbabwe, as well as use state funds and state media to advance the interests of the party.
The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe, first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF, until 2017, when he was removed as leader.
The Parliament of Zimbabwe is the bicameral legislature of Zimbabwe composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house, and consists of 80 members, 60 of whom are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces. Of the remaining 20 seats, 18 are reserved for chiefs, and two for people with disabilities. The National Assembly is the lower house, and consists of 280 members. Of these, 210 are elected from single-member constituencies. The remaining 70 seats are reserved women's and youth quotas: 60 for women; 10 for youth. These are elected by proportional representation from ten six-member and one-member constituencies respectively, corresponding to the country's provinces.
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The Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube (MDC–N) was a Zimbabwean political party led by politician and attorney Welshman Ncube. It was founded in 2005 when the Movement for Democratic Change split apart and in the 2008 general election, it was known as the Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara (MDC–M) in contrast to the larger Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC–T). The MDC–N and the MDC–T operated as separate opposition parties until their re-unification in 2018. The re-united party now operates under the original name, the MDC.
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Mount Pleasant is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in the Mount Pleasant suburb of Harare. Previously a white constituency in the Parliament of Rhodesia, it was abolished in 1987 along with the other white-reserved seats in Parliament. It was recreated for the 2008 election and is currently represented by Fadzayi Mahere of the Citizens Coalition for Change since the 2023 election.
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References
- ↑ "Hatcliffe results: 2023".
- ↑ "MPs and Senators declared elected after 30 July 2018_harmonised elections". veritaszim.net. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ↑ "Delimitation report". Zimbabwe Electoral Commission.
- ↑ Tony Jaffey (28 June 2007). "Hardwicke Holderness". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
- ↑ East Africa and Rhodesia. Africana. 1964. p. 573.