Hedycarya angustifolia

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Hedycarya angustifolia
Hedycarya angustifolia.jpg
Female flowers
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Monimiaceae
Genus: Hedycarya
Species:
H. angustifolia
Binomial name
Hedycarya angustifolia
In a moist gully in the Blue Mountains National Park Hedycarya angustifolia Blue Mountains.JPG
In a moist gully in the Blue Mountains National Park

Hedycarya angustifolia, commonly known as native mulberry, Australian mulberry, [2] or djelwuck [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae , and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic or egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in branched clusters of 5 to 16 and have 8 tepals and about 50 stamens and female flowers have about 12 tepals and 40 to 50 carpels. The fruit is a more or less spherical, tightly clustered yellow or orange drupes.

Contents

Description

Hedycarya angustifolia is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 2–10 m (6 ft 7 in – 32 ft 10 in). Its leaves are elliptic or egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 40–160 mm (1.6–6.3 in) long and 15–60 mm (0.59–2.36 in) wide on a petiole 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long. The leaves are coarsely toothed and the midvein is prominent on both surfaces. Male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in clusters of 5 to 16, 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long, each flower more or less flattened cup-shaped, about 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter on a pedicel 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long with 8 tepals and about 50 stamens. Female flowers are borne in groups of 2 to 4, more or less cup-shaped, each flower on a pedicel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long with 12 small tepals and mostly about 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter on a pedicel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long, with 40–50 carpels. Flowering occurs from May to November, and the fruit is a spherical drupe in tight clusters that turns yellow or orange, about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) in diameter. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Hedycarya angustifolia was first formally described in 1838 by Allan Cunningham in the Annals of Natural History from specimens collected "in ravines in the Blue Mountains" in 1834 by his brother Richard. [6] [7] The specific epithet (angustifolia) means "narrow-leaved". [8]

Distribution and habitat

Native mulberry grows in and near the margins of rainforest, often in moist mountain gullies, and is widespread from south-east Queensland, through eastern New South Wales and eastern and southern Victoria to King Island in Tasmania. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Conservation status

Hedycarya angustifolia is listed as "rare", under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 . [5]

Uses

Indigenous Australians used the wood for spear tips and to make bow drills. [9]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Tasmannia xerophila</i> Species of shrub

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<i>Hedycarya</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hedycarya is a genus of about 16 species of flowering plants in the family Monimiaceae native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, and some Pacific Islands. Plants in the genus Hedycarya are shrubs, or small to medium trees with sometimes toothed leaves. The male and female flowers cup-shaped and are borne on separate plants. Male flowers usually have 8 tepals and many stamens and female flowers are have 6 to 12 tepals with many carpels. The fruit is a cluster of drupes.

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<i>Wilkiea</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Palmeria scandens</i> Species of plant in the family Monimiaceae

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<i>Pendressia</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Palmeria hypotephra</i> Species of plant

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<i>Wilkiea angustifolia</i> Species of shrub

Wilkiea angustifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to Queensland. It is a dioecious shrub with elliptic leaves, male and female flowers on separate plants, male flowers with 4 stamens, female flowers with 8 to 20 carpels, and the fruit a purple to black drupe.

<i>Palmeria foremanii</i> Species of plant in the family Monimiaceae

Palmeria foremanii, commonly known as anchor vine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae and is endemic to an area near the New South Wales - Queensland border. It is a tall, woody climber or scrambling shrub with usually elliptic leaves, male and female flowers on separate plants with 5 tepals, male flowers with 40 to 43 stamens, female flowers with 7 to 12 carpels, and spherical, shiny black drupes.

<i>Wilkiea austroqueenslandica</i> Species of shrub

Wilkiea austroqueenslandica, commonly known as smooth wilkiea or furry-flowered wilkiea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spreading shrub or small tree with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, male and female flowers on separate plants, male flowers with about 30 stamens, female flowers with about 35 carpels, and the fruit is a glossy, olive-black drupe with an orange fruiting receptacle.

Wilkiea cordata is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to north-east Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with oblong leaves, male and female flowers on separate plants, male flowers with stamens in 2 pairs, female flowers with about 25 carpels, and the fruit is an oval drupe with a yellow receptacle with an orange tinge.

Wilkiea hugeliana is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in far northern Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic, sometimes toothed leaves, and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers usually have 4 pairs of stamens and female flowers have about 40 carpels, and the fruit is a glossy black drupe with enlarged orange receptacles.

Wilkiea kaarruana is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to northern Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic to oblong leaves, and male and female flowers on separate plants, each with 4 to 6 tepals. Male flowers usually have 2 pairs of stamens and female flowers have about 21 to 26 carpels.

<i>Wilkiea longipes</i> Species of tree

Wilkiea longipes is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to northern Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers usually have 3 or 4 pairs of stamens and female flowers have about 9 to 13 carpels.

<i>Wilkiea macrophylla</i> Species of tree


Wilkiea macrophylla, commonly known as large-leaved wilkiea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a glabrous shrub or small tree with narrowly to broadly elliptic leaves, and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers have 2 pairs of tepals and usually 2 pairs of stamens, and female flowers have 6 or 7 pairs of tepals and 13 to 20 carpels. The fruit is a glossy purplish to olive black drupe.

<i>Wilkiea pubescens</i> Species of tree

Wilkiea pubescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic leaves and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers have 6 tepals and 2 or 3 pairs of stamens and female flowers have 2 pairs of tepals and 15 to 30 carpels. The fruit is a purplish-black drupe.

<i>Wilkiea rigidifolia</i> Species of tree

Wilkiea rigidifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is native to north Queensland and New Guinea. It is a shrub or small tree with elliptic to broadly elliptic or oblong leaves and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in clusters of 20 to 30 and have 4 pairs of tepals and 2 or 3 pairs of stamens and female flowers have 2 pairs of tepals and 40 to 50 carpels. The fruit is a glossy black drupe.

Wilkiea smithii is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to north-eastern Queensland. It is a shrub or small, slender tree with elliptic or oblong leaves and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in clusters of about 5 and have 8 tepals and 2 pairs of stamens and female flowers have 20 to 40 carpels. The fruit is a glaucous, purplish to black drupe.

Hedycarya loxocarya, commonly known as yellow beech is a species of flowering plant in the family Monimiaceae, and is endemic to north-eastern Queensland. It is a small to medium tree with egg-shaped to elliptic leaves, and male and female flowers on separate plants. Male flowers are borne in clusters of 5 to 9 and have 8 tepals and more than 60 stamens and female flowers have 6 tepals and about 30 carpels. The fruit is a bright red, oval drupe.

References

  1. "Hedycarya angustifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Wiffin, Trevor P.; Foreman, Donald B. "Hedycarya angustifolia". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 Foreman, Donald B. "Hedycarya angustifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Victoria. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  4. 1 2 Harden, Gwen J. "Hedycarya angustifolia". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 "Hedycarya angustifolia - Threatened Species Link". Tasmanian Government, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  6. "Hedycarya angustifolia". APNI. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  7. Cunningham, Allan (1838). "Florae insularum Novae Zelandiae precursor. y". Annals of Natural History. 1: 215. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  8. Stearn, William T. (1992). Botanical Latin - History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocaulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 368.
  9. "Aboriginal Plant use and Technology" (PDF). Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 11 November 2016.