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| Helicops polylepis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Helicops |
| Species: | H. polylepis |
| Binomial name | |
| Helicops polylepis Günther, 1861 | |
Helicops polylepis, Norman's keelback, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
Mambas are fast-moving, highly venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis in the family Elapidae. Four extant species are recognised currently; three of those four species are essentially arboreal and green in colour, whereas the black mamba, Dendroaspis polylepis, is largely terrestrial and generally brown or grey in colour. All are native to various regions in sub-Saharan Africa and all are feared throughout their ranges, especially the black mamba. In Africa there are many legends and stories about mambas.
Different snakes are called water snakes. "Water snake" is also sometimes used as a descriptive term for any snakes that spend a significant time in or near fresh water, such as any species belonging to the family Acrochordidae. They should not be confused with sea snakes, which live primarily or entirely in marine environments.
The brown-banded water snake is a species of aquatic snake found in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also known as the water mapepire.
The black mamba is a species of highly venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae. It is native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa. First formally described by Albert Günther in 1864, it is the second-longest venomous snake after the king cobra; mature specimens generally exceed 2 m and commonly grow to 3 m (9.8 ft). Specimens of 4.3 to 4.5 m have been reported. Its skin colour varies from grey to dark brown. Juvenile black mambas tend to be paler than adults and darken with age. Despite the common name, the skin of a black mamba is not black, but rather describes the inside of its mouth, which it displays when feeling threatened.
The giant freshwater stingray is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is found in large rivers and estuaries in Southeast Asia and Borneo, though historically it may have been more widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia. The largest freshwater fish and the largest stingray in the world, this species grows up to 2.2 m (7.2 ft) across and can reach up to 300 kg (660 lb) in weight. It has a relatively thin, oval pectoral fin disc that is widest anteriorly, and a sharply pointed snout with a protruding tip. Its tail is thin and whip-like, and lacks fin folds. This species is uniformly grayish brown above and white below; the underside of the pectoral and pelvic fins bear distinctive wide, dark bands on their posterior margins.
Polylepis is a genus comprising 28 recognised shrub and tree species, that are endemic to the mid- and high-elevation regions of the tropical Andes. This group is unique in the rose family in that it is predominantly wind-pollinated. They are usually gnarled in shape, but in certain areas some trees are 15–20 m tall and have 2 m-thick trunks. The foliage is evergreen, with dense small leaves, and often having large amounts of dead twigs hanging down from the underside of the canopy. The name Polylepis is, in fact, derived from the Greek words poly (many) plus letis (layers), referring to the shredding, multi-layered bark that is common to all species of the genus. The bark is thick and rough and densely layered for protection against low temperatures. Some species of Polylepis form woodlands growing well above normal tree line within grass and scrub associations at elevations over 5000 m; which makes Polylepis appear to be the highest naturally occurring arboraceous angiosperm genus in the world.
Anabarilius polylepis is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae, that is endemic to Yunnan, China. It only occurs in Dian Lake and Songhuaba reservoir in Kunming. It was once a major commercial fish species, but it has not been confirmed in the lake since the 1970s. Its decline is attributed to many factors: introduced fish species, decreasing water quality, the loss of macrophytes, over-fishing, and the loss of breeding sites due to siltation and blocked access.
The chestnut-bellied flowerpiercer is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
Polylepis racemosa is a species of small tree in the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat destruction. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this tree as "vulnerable".
The pyramid butterflyfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae, native from central Indo-Pacific.
Helicops is a genus of snakes of the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to South America.
Helicops infrataeniatus is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to South America, and can be found in Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil.
Helicops leopardinus, the leopard keelback, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to South America, and can be found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, and Suriname.
Helicops carinicaudus is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil. Specimens from Colombia are likely mislabeled, probably representing Helicops danieli.
Apostolepis polylepis, the hawbeack blackhead, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Brazil.
Iguanodectes polylepis is a species of freshwater fish from the rivers of South America. Its range is restricted to Brazil, where it inhabits the Madeira and Purus river basins. It is one of the larger members of the genus, but remains generally small, only a little over a quarter-foot long.
Helicops apiaka is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso.
Helicops hagmanni, also known commonly as Hagmann's keelback, is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to the Amazon River basin in South America.
Helicops modestus, the olive keelback, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is endemic to Brazil, and can be found in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, and the Federal District of Brasília.
Helicops trivittatus, the equatorial keelback, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Brazil.
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