Heteroconchia

Heteroconchia
	The venerid species Austrovenus stutchburyi , the New Zealand cockle, is sold internationally as sea food.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Subclass:	Autobranchia
Infraclass:	Heteroconchia ; J. E. Gray, 1854
Subterclasses
	Archiheterodonta; Euheterodonta ; Palaeoheterodonta ; Heterodonta;

Last updated May 27, 2025

Heteroconchia is a taxonomic infraclass of diverse bivalve molluscs, belonging to the subclass Autobranchia.^[1]

Description

These bivalves are distinguished by having the two halves of the shell equally sized (i.e, they are equivalved) and having a few cardinal teeth separated from a number of long lateral teeth. Their shells lack a nacreous layer, and the gills are lamellibranch in form. Most species have a siphon.^[3]

Orders and families

The following tree is their info which has been updated with the latest information from the World Register of Marine Species:^[1]

Infraclass: Heteroconchia

Unclassified family: †Lipanellidae
Subterclass: Archiheterodonta^[4]^[5]
- Order: †Actinodontida ^[6]
  - Superfamily: †Amnigenioidea
    - Family: †Amnigeniidae
    - Family: †Montanariidae
    - Family: †Zadimerodiidae
  - Superfamily: †Anodontopsoidea
    - Family: †Actinodontidae
    - Family: †Anodontopsidae
    - Family: †Baidiostracidae
    - Family: †Cycloconchidae
    - Family: †Intihuarellidae
    - Family: †Redoniidae ^[7]
  - Superfamily: †Nyassoidea
    - Family: †Nyassidae
  - Superfamily: †Oriocrassatelloidea
    - Family: †Crassatellopsidae
    - Family: †Oriocrassatellidae
  - Superfamily: †Palaeomuteloidea
    - Family: †Palaeomutelidae
- Order: Carditida ^[8]
  - Unclassified family: †Archaeocardiidae
  - Unclassified family: †Eodonidae
  - Superfamily: Carditoidea
    - Family: †Cardiniidae
    - Family: Carditidae
    - Family: Condylocardiidae
  - Superfamily: Crassatelloidea
    - Family: †Aenigmoconchidae
    - Family: Astartidae
    - Family: Crassatellidae
    - Family: †Myophoricardiidae
Subterclass: Euheterodonta ^[9]
- Unassigned Euheterodonta^[10]
  - Superfamily: †Babinkoidea
  - Superfamily: †Orthonotoidea
- Superorder: Anomalodesmata ^[11]
  - Superfamily: Clavagelloidea
    - Family: Clavagellidae
    - Family: Penicillidae
  - Superfamily: Cuspidarioidea
    - Family: Cuspidariidae
    - Family: Halonymphidae
    - Family: Protocuspidariidae
    - Family: Spheniopsidae
  - Superfamily: Myochamoidea
    - Family: Cleidothaeridae
    - Family: Myochamidae
  - Superfamily: Pandoroidea
    - Family: Lyonsiidae
    - Family: Pandoridae
  - Superfamily: Pholadomyoidea
    - Family: †Arenigomyidae
    - Family: †Margaritariidae
    - Family: Parilimyidae
    - Family: Pholadomyidae
    - Family: †Ucumariidae
  - Superfamily: Poromyoidea
    - Family: Cetoconchidae
    - Family: Poromyidae
  - Superfamily: Thracioidea
    - Family: †Burmesiidae
    - Family: Clistoconchidae
    - Family: Laternulidae
    - Family: Periplomatidae
    - Family: Thraciidae
  - Superfamily: Verticordioidea
    - Family: Euciroidae
    - Family: Lyonsiellidae
    - Family: Verticordiidae
- Superorder: Imparidentia ^[12]
  - Unassigned Imparidentia
    - Unassigned Family: †Palaeocarditidae
    - Superfamily: Cyamioidea
      - Family: Cyamiidae
      - Family: Galatheavalvidae
      - Family: Sportellidae
    - Superfamily: Gaimardioidea
      - Family: Gaimardiidae
    - Superfamily: †Grammysioidea
      - Family: †Grammysiidae
      - Family: †Sanguinolitidae
    - Superfamily: †Kalenteroidea
      - Family: †Kalenteridae
  - Order: Adapedonta ^[13]
    - Superfamily: †Edmondioidea
      - Family: †Edmondiidae
      - Family: †Pachydomidae
    - Superfamily: Hiatelloidea
      - Family: Hiatellidae
    - Superfamily: Solenoidea
      - Family: Pharidae
      - Family: Solenidae
  - Order: Cardiida ^[14]
    - Superfamily: Cardioidea
      - Family: Cardiidae
      - Family: †Pterocardiidae
    - Superfamily: Tellinoidea
      - Family: Donacidae
      - Family: †Icanotiidae
      - Family: Psammobiidae
      - Family: †Quenstedtiidae
      - Family: Semelidae
      - Family: Solecurtidae
      - Family: †Sowerbyidae
      - Family: †Tancrediidae
      - Family: Tellinidae
      - Family: †Unicardiopsidae
  - Order: Galeommatida ^[15]
    - Superfamily: Galeommatoidea
      - Family: Basterotiidae
      - Family: Galeommatidae
      - Family: Lasaeidae
  - Order: Gastrochaenida ^[16]
    - Superfamily: Gastrochaenoidea
      - Family: Gastrochaenidae
  - Order: †Hippuritida (rudists)^[17]
    - Suborder: †Hippuritidina
      - Superfamily: †Caprinoidea
        Family: †Antillocaprinidae
        Family: †Caprinidae
        Family: †Caprinuloideidae
        Family: †Ichthyosarcolitidae
      - Superfamily: †Radiolitoidea
        Family: †Caprinulidae
        Family: †Caprotinidae
        Family: †Diceratidae
        Family: †Hippuritidae
        Family: †Monopleuridae
        Family: †Plagioptychidae
        Family: †Polyconitidae
        Family: †Radiolitidae
        Family: †Trechmannellidae
    - Suborder: †Requieniidina
      - Superfamily: †Requienioidea
        Family: †Epidiceratidae
        Family: †Requieniidae
  - Order: Lucinida ^[18]
    - Superfamily: Lucinoidea
      - Family: Lucinidae
      - Family: †Mactromyidae
      - Family: †Paracyclidae
    - Superfamily: Thyasiroidea
      - Family: Thyasiridae
  - Order: †Megalodontida ^[19]
    - Superfamily: †Mecynodontoidea
      - Family: †Beichuaniidae
      - Family: †Congeriomorphidae
      - Family: †Mecynodontidae
      - Family: †Plethocardiidae
      - Family: †Prosocoelidae
    - Superfamily: †Megalodontoidea
      - Family: †Ceratomyopsidae
      - Family: †Dicerocardiidae
      - Family: †Megalodontidae
      - Family: †Pachyrismatidae
      - Family: †Wallowaconchidae
  - Order: †Modiomorphida ^[20]
    - Superfamily: †Modiomorphoidea
      - Family: †Cypricardiniidae
      - Family: †Hippopodiumidae
      - Family: †Modiomorphidae
      - Family: †Palaeopharidae
      - Family: †Tusayanidae
  - Order: Myida ^[21]
    - Superfamily: Dreissenoidea
      - Family: Dreissenidae
    - Superfamily: Myoidea
      - Family: Corbulidae
      - Family: Myidae
      - Family: †Pleurodesmatidae
      - Family: †Raetomyidae
    - Superfamily: Pholadoidea
      - Family: Pholadidae
      - Family: Teredinidae (shipworms)
      - Family: Xylophagaidae
    - Superfamily: †Pleuromyoidea
      - Family: †Ceratomyidae
      - Family: †Pleuromyidae
      - Family: †Vacunellidae
  - Order: Sphaeriida ^[22]
    - Superfamily: Sphaerioidea
      - Family: †Neomiodontidae
      - Family: Sphaeriidae
  - Order: Venerida ^[23]
    - Superfamily: †Anthracosioidea
      - Family: †Anthracosiidae
      - Family: †Ferganoconchida
      - Family: †Shaanxiconchidae
    - Superfamily: Arcticoidea
      - Family: Arcticidae
      - Family: †Pollicidae
      - Family: Trapezidae
      - Family: †Veniellidae
    - Superfamily: Chamoidea
      - Family: Chamidae
    - Superfamily: Cyrenoidea
      - Family: Cyrenidae
      - Family: Cyrenoididae
      - Family: Glauconomidae
    - Superfamily: Glossoidea
      - Family: Glossidae
      - Family: Kelliellidae
      - Family: †Lutetiidae
      - Family: Vesicomyidae
    - Superfamily: Hemidonacoidea
      - Family: Hemidonacidae
    - Superfamily: Mactroidea
      - Family: Anatinellidae
      - Family: Cardiliidae
      - Family: Mactridae
      - Family: Mesodesmatidae
    - Superfamily: †Palaeanodontoidea
      - Family: †Palaeanodontidae
    - Superfamily: †Prilukielloidea
      - Family: †Prilukiellidae
      - Family: †Senderzoniellidae
    - Superfamily: Ungulinoidea
      - Family: Ungulinidae
    - Superfamily: Veneroidea
      - Family: †Isocyprinidae
      - Family: Neoleptonidae
      - Family: Veneridae
Subterclass: Paleoheterodonta ^[24]
- Unassigned Family: Lyrodesmatidae ^[25]
- Unassigned Family: Pseudarcidae
- Unassigned Family: Thoraliidae
- Order: Unionida
  - Unassigned Genus †Araripenaia
  - Unassigned Family †Pachycardiidae
  - Superfamily Etherioidea
  - Superfamily †Silesunionoidea
  - Superfamily †Tamesnelloidea
  - Superfamily Unionoidea
- Order: Trigoniida
  - Superfamily †Megatrigonioidea
  - Superfamily Myophorelloidea
  - Superfamily Pseudocardinioidea
  - Superfamily Trigonioidea
  - Superfamily Trigonioidoidea
  - Superfamily Trigonodoidea
Subterclass: Heterodonta

References

1 2 3 "Heteroconchia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 February 2022.
↑ "Molluscabase - Heteroconchia". www.molluscabase.org. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
↑ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
↑ Archiheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
↑ Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105–141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
↑ Carditoida Dall, 1889 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 August 2010.
↑ Euheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
↑ Unassigned Euheterodonta . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 July 2009.
↑ Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ Lucinoida Gray, 1854 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2010.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ Myoida Stoliczka, 1870 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
↑ Veneroida Gray, 1854 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
↑ "Molluscabase - Palaeoheterodonta". www.molluscabase.org. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

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[WoRMS-1] 1 2 3 "Heteroconchia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 13 February 2022.

[2] "Molluscabase - Heteroconchia". www.molluscabase.org. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[IZ-3] Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.

[4] Archiheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.

[5] Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105–141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.

[6] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

[7] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

[8] Carditoida Dall, 1889 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 August 2010.

[9] Euheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.

[10] Unassigned Euheterodonta . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 July 2009.

[11] Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[12] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[13] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[14] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[15] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[16] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[17] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[18] Lucinoida Gray, 1854 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2010.

[19] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[20] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[21] Myoida Stoliczka, 1870 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[22] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

[23] Veneroida Gray, 1854 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.

[24] "Molluscabase - Palaeoheterodonta". www.molluscabase.org. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[25] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.

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Heteroconchia

The venerid species Austrovenus stutchburyi , the New Zealand cockle, is sold internationally as sea food.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Subclass:	Autobranchia
Infraclass:	Heteroconchia J. E. Gray, 1854
Subterclasses
Archiheterodonta Euheterodonta Palaeoheterodonta Heterodonta

Heteroconchia

Contents

Description

Orders and families

References