Hewell Grange

Last updated

Hewell Grange
Hewell.jpg
"the last Victorian prodigy house"
TypeHouse
Location Tardebigge, Worcestershire
Coordinates 52°19′09″N1°59′30″W / 52.3192°N 1.9916°W / 52.3192; -1.9916
Built1884–1891
Architect George Frederick Bodley & Thomas Garner
Architectural style(s) Jacobethan
Owner Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameHewell Grange
Designated16 July 1986
Reference no.1100160
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameStatue in forecourt to north of Hewell Grange
Designated16 July 1986
Reference no.1100162
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameStatue in north quadrant of French Garden, Hewell Grange
Designated16 July 1986
Reference no.1100164
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameStatue in south quadrant of French Garden, Hewell Grange
Designated16 July 1986
Reference no.1385583
Official nameHewell Grange Park and Garden
Designated28 February 1986
Reference no.1000886
Worcestershire UK relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location of Hewell Grange in Worcestershire

Hewell Grange is a former country house in Tardebigge, Worcestershire, England. "One of the most important late 19th century country houses in England", the mansion was built between 1884 and 1891 by George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner for Robert Windsor-Clive, later first Earl of Plymouth. Constructed in the Jacobethan style, it was "perhaps the last Victorian prodigy house". [1] After the Second World War, the third earl sold the Hewell estate to the Crown and it was redeveloped as a prison. The mansion was used to house young offenders, and later low-risk prisoners, while adult prisons were built in the grounds. The site was subsequently consolidated as HM Prison Hewell. In 2019, the Ministry of Justice announced the closure of the Category D open prison housed in Hewell Grange, after a highly critical report by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.

Contents

The Windsor-Clive family descended from Walter FitzOther, Constable of Windsor Castle during the reign of William the Conqueror. They came to Tardebigge in the 16th century and over the next two centuries expanded their land holdings in Worcestershire, Shropshire and South Wales. The development of the South Wales Coalfield in the 18th and 19th centuries saw their wealth greatly increase, as the coal was transported worldwide from their ports at Barry and Penarth. At his coming of age in 1878 Robert Windsor-Clive inherited some 30,500 acres and an income from ground rents and port royalties which allowed him to undertake the building of Hewell Grange at a time when many landed aristocrats were facing retrenchment due to the Agricultural Depression. The Windsor-Clives lived in their new home for less than 50 years before consolidating their estates in Shropshire in the mid-20th century.

Hewell Grange is a Grade I listed building, its structure, interiors and setting having survived remarkably well despite over 70 years of institutional use. The park surrounding the house was landscaped by both Capability Brown and Humphry Repton and is graded II* on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The lake is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The ruins of an earlier hall stand near to the lake.

History

The Tardebigge estate was originally a grange for Bordesley Abbey and came to the Windsor family in 1542 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries. [1] The Windsors came originally from the south, holding the ancient barony of Windsor. [2] They claimed descent from Walter FitzOther, first Constable of Windsor Castle during the reign of William the Conqueror. [lower-alpha 1] [3] The Victoria County History records that Andrew, Lord Windsor, was obliged by Henry VIII to exchange his historic manor at Stanwell, near Windsor, for the Bordesley Abbey estate, and did so “much against his will”. [4] By the 17th century, Thomas Hickman-Windsor had been elevated to the Earldom of Plymouth. His grandson, Other Windsor, 2nd Earl of Plymouth, commissioned a country house at Tardebigge which was built around 1711–1712. [1] It has been attributed to Francis Smith of Warwick or his brother William [2] and was redesigned by Thomas Cundy in 1815–1816. [lower-alpha 2] [1] The surrounding estate was landscaped, firstly on the advice of William Shenstone, then by Capability Brown and lastly by Humphry Repton. [1]

The 19th century saw the Windsors prosper, partly through marriage, and partly through industrial development. Robert Windsor-Clive, on his coming of age in 1878, inherited 30,500 acres in Worcestershire, Shropshire and South Wales, including three major houses, the old Hewel Grange, St Fagans Castle on his Glamorgan estates, and Oakly Park on his Shropshire lands. The Welsh property was much the most valuable, the opening of the Penarth and Barry Docks for the transportation of coal brought the family immense royalties. [2] Shortly after his marriage Windsor-Clive determined on reconstructing the old grange and engaged George Frederick Bodley and Thomas Garner, of the ecclesiastical firm Bodley & Garner to prepare estimates. These proved to be so high that he instead resolved on building a new house, on a site selected by the landscape architect Edward Milner. [2] The old house was partially demolished, but its ruins remain as an eyecatcher by the lake. [lower-alpha 3] [6]

Robert Windsor-Clive married Alberta Victoria Sarah Caroline Paget, always known as Gay, in 1883. Gay was the daughter of Augustus Paget, a diplomat, and his German-born wife, Walburga, diarist, artist and intimate friend of Queen Victoria. [7] Windsor-Clive held a number of, relatively minor, political offices, serving as Paymaster General under Lord Salisbury from 1890 to 1892, [8] and First Commissioner of Works under Arthur Balfour from 1902 to 1905. [lower-alpha 4] [10] He also had an array of local positions, related to his estates, including Mayor of Cardiff, Lord Lieutenant of Glamorganshire and Honorary Colonel of the 2nd Glamorganshire Artillery Volunteers. [11]

Windsor-Clive and his wife pursued a wide range of artistic interests. He was a Trustee of the National Gallery, [12] a long-serving chairman of the National Trust [13] and author of what was the standard work on John Constable. [14] Lady Windsor established an Arts and Crafts workshop at Hewell, decorated some of the rooms in partnership with her mother, and enjoyed a long friendship with Edward Burne-Jones, who painted her portrait, a "masterpiece of symbolist art" [15] which hung on the stairway at Hewell. [14] The Windsor-Clives were members of The Souls, a grouping of intellectual aristocrats, with Gay Windsor-Clive conducting a long, and acknowledged, affair with George Wyndham, the group's most prominent member. [16] [17] The Souls held relaxed attitudes to extra-marital liaisons. The novelist Elinor Glyn, herself a long-term lover of another Soul, George Curzon, recorded her impressions of their country house weekends; "the good-looking unattached men had a wonderful time...while many husbands were the lovers of their friends' wives". [18]

Windsor-Clive's first encounter with the firm of Bodley & Garner is recorded in his wife's memoir of her husband, privately published in 1932: "Although I first discussed the plans with Mr Bodley in the very small dog kennel of the Athenaeum Club, it was Mr Garner who came to see us to discuss the details and the designs from the very beginning were [his]". [19] The resulting house has been described as "one of the most important late 19th century country houses in England", [1] and is Bodley and Garner's most significant country house. The house was hugely expensive and building was undertaken at a leisurely pace. [lower-alpha 5] [21] The foundations were laid in 1884, and the Windsor-Clives moved in during 1891, when the house was still incomplete. [22] The building was technologically advanced; one of the first in the country to be lit by electricity [1] and with hydraulic lifts powered from the water tower in the park. The Windsor-Clives entertained at Hewell on an appropriate scale, with guests including Lord Salisbury, the Shah of Persia, and many members of the British royal family. Ferdinand de Rothschild, the builder of the even grander Waddesdon Manor and another Soul, suggested that Hewell was the only modern English house he really envied. [23] But the house was obsolete almost as it was being built. Lady Windsor, in her memoir of her husband, wrote "had we any idea how quickly the circumstances of life in this country, and indeed throughout the world, would change, I do not think that we should have dreamt of building a house of that size". [15] Charles Robert Ashbee, an architect and family friend, visiting in 1913 described it as "a noble example of something now I suppose extinct". [1]

The estate remained a seat of the Windsor-Clive family (who were made Earls of Plymouth) until just after World War II. The death of the 2nd Earl, Ivor Windsor-Clive in 1943, saw his son inherit the Windsor estates. Heavy death duties forced him to sell Hewell Grange and the ground rents from his land in Barry, Penarth and Grangetown. [24] St Fagans Castle was donated to the National Museum of Wales. [lower-alpha 6] [27] The Hewell Grange estate was sold to the state which established a borstal at the house. This operated from 1946 to 1982 and then as a Young Offender Institution until 1991, when it became HM Prison Hewell Grange, a Category D open prison for adults. The prison was closed in 2020, after a number of incidents of violence, and a report by Her Majesty's Inspector of Prisons which condemned the facility as "squalid, demeaning and depressing". [28] Following closure, the grange was sold to Midlands-based hoteliers in March 2023. [29] [30]

Hewell Grange and its gardens have previously, although rarely, been open to the public through the Heritage Open Days and the National Gardens schemes. [31] [32] As at 2020 no public access is permitted, although access to the lake is possible. [33]

Architecture and description

Hewell Grange is constructed to an Elizabethan H-plan and built in the Jacobethan style. [1] Montacute House, Somerset is the main influence, with elements of Charlton Park, Wiltshire and Bramshill in Hampshire. Alan Brooks and Nikolaus Pevsner, in their Worcestershire volume of the Buildings of England series, describe it as "perhaps the last Victorian prodigy house". [1] The house is of Runcorn Red Sandstone, of three storeys, with a central lantern and towers with pyramidal roofs. The entrance front is recessed, with a two-storey porch and a porte-cochère. The chapel in the porch contains carving by Detmar Blow. [34] The garden front is a long, nine-bay, range. [34] The interior is Italianate Quattrocento in style. Bodley had originally planned Jacobean-style decoration, but was over-ruled by Windsor-Clive who insisted on Elizabethan and Renaissance designs. [35] The house is dominated by the massive Great Hall, comprising half the total space of the house. The elaborate decoration is largely "well-preserved". [lower-alpha 7] [1]

Entrance to the house is through a vestibule into the Great Hall. This enormous room runs along the whole of the entrance front and is two-storeys high. [34] Colonnades of marble and alabaster terminate each end. [36] Brooks and Pevsner conclude that "other rooms are insignificant compared to the overwhelming display of the hall". [1] The billiard room, dining room and Lord Windsor's study all lie off the hall. [34] Lady Windsor's sitting room is decorated with a painted ceiling copied from the Ducal Palace, Mantua [34] and much of the Italianate decoration drew on sketches made by the Windsors on their Italian tours. [23] A grand staircase gives access to the upper bedroom floors, including Lady Windsor's dressing room, decorated by her mother with murals evoking Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony . Many of the other murals and painted ceilings were undertaken by a pair of Bavarian artists, Behr and Virsching. [23]

Hewell Grange is a Grade I listed building. Its Historic England listing describes it as "an outstanding example of a late-Victorian country house, [with] an interior of remarkable quality, [that] survives substantially intact". [34] Its park and gardens are listed Grade II*. [37] The lake is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). [38]

The lake Hewell Grange Lake.webp
The lake

The park contains a large number of listed buildings: three lodges, the North and South at the north-west gate, [39] [40] and the Paper Mill Lodge to the south; [41] a range of estate buildings including the water tower, [42] home farm, [43] game larder, [44] ice house [45] and walled garden; [46] three bridges on the lake, one to the north, [47] one to the south [48] and a footbridge giving access to an island; [lower-alpha 8] [50] a real tennis court, [51] with two adjacent bridges; [52] [53] and various ornamental features, including a temple, [54] gates to the French Garden [55] and five statues. [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] Nikolaus Pevsner's original Worcestershire guide from 1968 records the presence in the garden of an Italian wellhead brought back by the Windsors from the Palazzo Marcello in Venice but it is no longer in situ. [61]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Windsors' lineage accounts for their use of the unusual first name of "Other". The present, 4th, earl is Ivor Edward Other Windsor-Clive. [3]
  2. ↑ Queen Victoria, then Princess Victoria, stayed at the old hall in November 1832, and sketched the view from her bedroom window. [5]
  3. ↑ Historic England records that the roof of the old grange was destroyed during a firework display arranged in honour of the Shah of Persia. [6]
  4. ↑ During his time as Commissioner of Works, Windsor-Clive was responsible for the redesign of The Mall in London, which saw it transformed into the nation's premier processional route. [9]
  5. ↑ Caroline Dakers, in her study of Clouds House, records the cost of building Hewell at £250,000 and the price received by the third earl on its sale in 1947 as £35,000. [20]
  6. ↑ The castle grounds now house the St Fagans National Museum of History, an open-air museum chronicling the culture, lifestyle and architecture of the Welsh people. [25] The museum comprises over 40 buildings, relocated from all over Wales, which represent different aspects of Welsh history. [26]
  7. ↑ Michael Hall, in his study of Bodley, George Frederick Bodley and the Later Gothic Revival in Britain and America, concludes his entry on Hewell; "The hall has changed surprisingly little since William Nicholson's portrait of the Windsors in 1908, inhabiting Garner's delicately beautiful interior like the ghosts they have become". [15]
  8. ↑ The footbridge has been attributed to Humphry Repton and was restored in the early 21st century. [49]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Frederick Bodley</span> English architect (1827–1907)

George Frederick Bodley was an English Gothic Revival architect. He was a pupil of Sir George Gilbert Scott, and worked in partnership with Thomas Garner for much of his career. He was one of the founders of Watts & Co.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Powis Castle</span> Grade I listed castle in Powys, Wales

Powis Castle is a medieval castle, fortress and grand country house near Welshpool, in Powys, Wales. The seat of the Herbert family, earls of Powis, the castle is known for its formal gardens and for its interiors, the former having been described as "the most important", and the latter "the most magnificent", in the country. The castle and gardens are under the care of the National Trust. Powis Castle is a Grade I listed building, while its gardens have their own Grade I listing on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tardebigge</span> Human settlement in England

Tardebigge is a village in Worcestershire, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eaton Hall, Cheshire</span> Country house in Cheshire, England

Eaton Hall is the country house of the Duke of Westminster. It is 1 mile (2 km) south of the village of Eccleston, in Cheshire, England. The house is surrounded by its own formal gardens, parkland, farmland and woodland. The estate covers about 10,872 acres (4,400 ha).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Other Windsor, 6th Earl of Plymouth</span>

Other Archer Windsor, 6th Earl of Plymouth was an English nobleman, the eldest and only surviving son of the 5th Earl of Plymouth by his wife and cousin, Hon. Sarah Archer, daughter and eventual co-heiress of the 2nd Baron Archer. He was the sixth Earl of Plymouth of the 1682 creation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth</span> British Earl (1857–1923)

Robert George Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth,, known as the 14th Baron Windsor between 1869 and 1905, was a British nobleman and Conservative politician. He was the founding President of the London Society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gawthorpe Hall</span> Grade I listed Elizabethan country house

Gawthorpe Hall is an Elizabethan country house on the banks of the River Calder, in Ightenhill, a civil parish in the Borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England. Its estate extends into Padiham, with the Stockbridge Drive entrance situated there. The house is traditionally attributed to Robert Smythson. In the mid-19th century, the hall was rebuilt by Charles Barry, the architect of the Houses of Parliament. Since 1953 it has been designated a Grade I listed building. In 1970 the 4th Lord Shuttleworth gave the hall to the National Trust, with a 99-year lease to Lancashire County Council. Both bodies jointly administer the hall and in 2015 the council provided £500,000 funding for restoration work on the south and west sides of the house.

Thomas Garner was one of the leading English Gothic revival architects of the Victorian era. He is known for his almost 30-year partnership with architect George Frederick Bodley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Fagans Castle</span> Grade I listed Elizabethan castle

St Fagans Castle is an Elizabethan mansion in St Fagans, Cardiff, Wales, dating from the late 16th century. The house and remaining medieval fortifications are Grade I listed. The grounds of St Fagans Castle now contain St Fagans National Museum of History. The castle estate is designated Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Webheath</span> Human settlement in England

Webheath is a district of Redditch, in Worcestershire, England. The district neighbours Batchley, Headless Cross and the village of Callow Hill. It is also near Feckenham and Astwood Bank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Hewell</span> British prison

HM Prison Hewell is a multiple security category men's prison in the village of Tardebigge in Worcestershire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cogshall Hall</span> Country house in Cheshire, England

Cogshall Hall is a country house near the village of Comberbach, Cheshire, England. It was built in about 1830 for Peter Jackson. A kitchen wing was added to the rear during the early 20th century. It is constructed in red-brown brick, and has a slate hipped roof. It is rectangular in plan, and has two storeys. Its architectural style is Georgian. The entrance front has five bays and an Ionic portico. There is a similar, smaller portico on the right side. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The lodge to the hall was built at about the same time. It has a Tuscan porch with a pediment, and is listed at Grade II. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner refers to the lodge as being "ambitious".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bredon School</span> Small English Independent (public) School

Bredon School, formerly Pull Court, is a private school in Bushley, Worcestershire, England. The house was built for the Reverend Canon E. C. Dowdeswell by Edward Blore between 1831 and 1839. The site is much older and Blore's house replaced an earlier mansion. The Dowdeswells had been prominent in local and national politics since the 18th century, with many serving as members of Parliament. The family sold the house in 1934 to the parents of Richard Seaman, a prominent pre-war racing driver, who lived there until his death in a crash in the 1939 Belgian Grand Prix. In 1962, the court became a school, Bredon School, founded by Lt-Col Tony Sharp and Hugh Jarrett, for the education of boys who had failed the Common Entrance Examination. It remains a specialist school with a focus on educating children with specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia and dyspraxia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamhead House</span> House in Mamhead, Devon

Mamhead House, Mamhead, Devon, is a country house dating from 1827. Its origins are older but the present building was constructed for Robert William Newman, an Exeter merchant, in 1827–1833 by Anthony Salvin. The house is Grade I listed as Dawlish College, its function at the time of listing. The parkland is listed at Grade II*.

Harden is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 36 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Harden, the smaller settlement of Ryecroft, and the surrounding area. In the area is the St Ives Estate, which contains a number of listed buildings. The other listed buildings include houses and associated structures, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, a boundary stone or guide post, a road bridge and a footbridge, two churches, and a war memorial.

Ilkley is a civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It contains 80 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the town of Ilkley, the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding, and the surrounding countryside. By the early 19th century Ilkley was a small village at an intersection of roads, and it then grew as a spa town, before later becoming a dormitory town for Bradford and Leeds. Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated strictures, farmhouses and farm buildings. The other listed buildings include churches, chapels and associated structures, schools, milestones and mileposts, a bath house, hotels, a railway station, a post box, a town hall, library and theatre, memorial gardens containing two war memorials, a lido, and a mural.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norman Evill</span> English architect and draughtsman (1873–1958)

Norman Adolphus Evill FRIBA was an English architect and draughtsman, apprenticed to Edwin Lutyens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oakly Park</span> Grade II* listed house in Shropshire, United Kingdom

Oakly Park, Bromfield, Shropshire, England is a country house dating from the 18th century. In the early 19th century, the house was restored and extended by Charles Robert Cockerell, Surveyor to the Bank of England for his friend Robert Henry Clive. The private home of the Earls of Plymouth, Oakly Park is a Grade II* listed building.

Wiseton is a civil parish in the Bassetlaw District of Nottinghamshire, England. The parish contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Wiseton and the surrounding area. The original Wiseton Hall was replaced in 1962 by a building which is not listed, but a number of buildings in the grounds are listed, including the stable range and a pair of entrance lodges. The Chesterfield Canal passes through the parish, and two bridges crossing it are listed. The other listed buildings include estate cottages, a farmhouse, a public house, two ice houses, and a model dairy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Brooks & Pevsner 2007, pp. 625–628.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hall 2014, p. 215.
  3. 1 2 Hunneyball, Paul (21 November 2019). "The 'Other' House of Windsor". History of Parliament.
  4. ↑ "Parishes: Tardebigge". www.british-history.ac.uk. British History Online. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  5. ↑ "View from the window at Hewell Grange dated Nov 6 1832". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  6. 1 2 Historic England. "Ruins of the old Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1167984)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  7. ↑ Elson, Mark (23 May 2018). "Dean fire tragedy link to treasure". Forest of Dean and Wye Valley Review.
  8. ↑ "No. 26139". The London Gazette . 27 February 1891. p. 1096.
  9. ↑ "Death of the Earl of Plymouth – Vacancy in the Ludlow Division". Shrewsbury Chronicle. 9 March 1923. p. 8.
  10. ↑ "Mr Balfour´s Ministry – full list of appointments". The Times. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 5.
  11. ↑ Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1920. Kelly's. p. 1304.
  12. ↑ "Appoinment". The Times. No. 36076. London. 27 February 1900. p. 9.
  13. ↑ Jenkins & James 1994, p. 335.
  14. 1 2 Wildman, Stephen (30 December 2018). "Burne-Jones Catalogue Raisonné -Lady Windsor". Burne-Jones Catalogue Raisonné Foundation.
  15. 1 2 3 Hall 2014, p. 219.
  16. ↑ Ridley & Percy 1992, p. 168.
  17. ↑ Dakers 1993, pp. 159–160.
  18. ↑ Dakers 1993, p. 159.
  19. ↑ Hall 2014, pp. 215–219.
  20. ↑ Dakers 1993, p. 247.
  21. ↑ Girouard 1979, p. 409.
  22. ↑ Hall 2014, p. 216.
  23. 1 2 3 Hall 2014, p. 218.
  24. ↑ Cannadine 1992, p. 631.
  25. ↑ "St Fagans Castle and Gardens". National Museum Wales. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "St Fagans Highlights". National Museum Wales. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "St Fagans Castle". National Museum Wales. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  28. ↑ "The Grange 'open' prison to shut after being called 'squalid'". BBC News. 16 October 2019.
  29. ↑ Osborne, Ashleigh (8 March 2023). "Former open prison Hewell Grange to be turned into events space". Bromsgrove Standard. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  30. ↑ "Hewell Grange sales brochure" (PDF). Cushman & Wakefield. 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  31. ↑ "A fascinating glimpse behind the doors of Hewell Grange". Redditch Advertiser. 19 September 2014.
  32. ↑ Anstey, Cathy (26 April 2018). "Gardens at HM Prison Hewell were designed by landscape gardener Capability Brown". Worcester News.
  33. ↑ "Hewell Grange". Parks&Gardens. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historic England. "Hewell Grange (Grade I) (1100160)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  35. ↑ Hall 2009, p. 144.
  36. ↑ Latham, Charles; Tipping, H. Avray (1904). In English Homes Volume 1. London: Country Life. pp. 306–314.
  37. ↑ Historic England. "Hewell Grange Park and Garden (Grade II*) (1000886)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  38. ↑ "Hewel Park Lake" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  39. ↑ Historic England. "North Lodge and gate pier at the NW entrance to Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1100166)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  40. ↑ Historic England. "South Lodge and gate pier at the NW entrance to Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1168009)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  41. ↑ Historic England. "Paper Mill Lodge at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1445233)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  42. ↑ Historic England. "Water Tower 300M south of Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1296648)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  43. ↑ Historic England. "Home Farmhouse (Grade II) (1100159)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  44. ↑ Historic England. "Game Larder at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1445235)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  45. ↑ Historic England. "Ice House about 40M north of Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1000886)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  46. ↑ Historic England. "Walled Garden and Associated Structures at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1469591)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  47. ↑ Historic England. "Cast Iron Bridge north of the lake at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1436347)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  48. ↑ Historic England. "Castellated Bridge south of the Lake at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1445237)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  49. ↑ "Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Restoration - Hewell Grange". Dorothea Restorations. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  50. ↑ Historic England. "Footbridge across to island at Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1436349)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  51. ↑ Historic England. "Former tennis Court, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1348584)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  52. ↑ Historic England. "Bridge adjacent to the Tennis Court, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1436348)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  53. ↑ Historic England. "Arched Gate and Bridge, south of the former Tennis Court, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1436444)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  54. ↑ Historic England. "Garden Temple about 50M north east of Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1167964)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  55. ↑ Historic England. "Gates and gate piers to French Garden, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1100165)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  56. ↑ Historic England. "Statue in forecourt north of Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1100162)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  57. ↑ Historic England. "Statue in west quadrant of the French Garden, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1167981)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  58. ↑ Historic England. "Statue in north quadrant of the French Garden, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1100164)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  59. ↑ Historic England. "Statue in south quadrant of the French Garden, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1348583)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  60. ↑ Historic England. "Statue in east quadrant of the French Garden, Hewell Grange (Grade II) (1296636)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  61. ↑ Pevsner 1968, p. 277.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.