Colonnade

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Colonnade at the Belvedere on the Pfingstberg palace in Germany Wikimedia Conference 2015 photo by Pine - 28.jpg
Colonnade at the Belvedere on the Pfingstberg palace in Germany

In classical architecture, a colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building. [1] Paired or multiple pairs of columns are normally employed in a colonnade which can be straight or curved. The space enclosed may be covered or open. In St. Peter's Square in Rome, Bernini's great colonnade encloses a vast open elliptical space.

Contents

When in front of a building, screening the door (Latin porta), it is called a portico. When enclosing an open court, a peristyle. A portico may be more than one rank of columns deep, as at the Pantheon in Rome or the stoae of Ancient Greece.

When the intercolumniation is alternately wide and narrow, a colonnade may be termed "araeosystyle" (Gr. αραιος, "widely spaced", and συστυλος, "with columns set close together"), as in the case of the western porch of St Paul's Cathedral and the east front of the Louvre. [2]

History

Colonnades (formerly as colonade) have been built since ancient times and interpretations of the classical model have continued through to modern times, and Neoclassical styles remained popular for centuries. [3] At the British Museum, for example, porticos are continued along the front as a colonnade. The porch of columns that surrounds the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. (in style a peripteral classical temple) can be termed a colonnade. [4] As well as the traditional use in buildings and monuments, colonnades are used in sports stadiums such as the Harvard Stadium in Boston, where the entire horseshoe-shaped stadium is topped by a colonnade. The longest colonnade in the United States, with 36 Corinthian columns, is the New York State Education Building in Albany, New York. [5]

Notable colonnades

Ancient world

Renaissance and Baroque periods

Neoclassical

Modern interpretations

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peristyle</span> Porch surrounding an inner courtyard

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This page is a glossary of architecture.

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<i>St. Peters Baldachin</i> Monument by Gianlorenzo Bernini

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<i>Peripteros</i>

A peripteros is a type of ancient Greek or Roman temple surrounded by a portico with columns. It is surrounded by a colonnade (pteron) on all four sides of the cella (naos), creating a four-sided arcade. By extension, it also means simply the perimeter of a building, when that perimeter is made up of columns. The term is frequently used of buildings in the Doric order.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louvre Colonnade</span> East façade of the Palais du Louvre

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porch</span> Room or gallery at the front entrance of a building

A porch is a room or gallery located in front of an entrance of a building. A porch is placed in front of the façade of a building it commands, and forms a low front. Alternatively, it may be a vestibule, or a projecting building that houses the entrance door of a building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coupled column</span>

A coupled column is one of a pair of columns that are installed nearer together and wider with others. The coupled columns should be of the same order and set closer enough to almost touch each other at their bases and capitals. These columns were mostly used in the architecture of the 17th century and later. In a colonnade, all columns may be coupled or just the outer pairs. Сoupled columns are often installed at the building entrance, on both sides of a window, fireplace, niche, or stair. Pilasters and engaged columns can also be paired.

References

  1. Colonnade from Encyclopædia Britannica
  2. Wikisource-logo.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Araeosystyle". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
  3. Doremus, Thomas (1999). Classical Styles in Modern Architecture: From the Colonnade to Disjunctured Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN   0442016662.
  4. Student Resource Glossary
  5. New York State Department of Education Building [ dead link ]. Emporis. Retrieved on 2009-5-23.