Icelandic presidential election, 2016

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Icelandic presidential election, 2016

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  Gudni Th. Johannesson (2017-03-30).jpg
Nominee Guðni Th. Jóhannesson Halla Tómasdóttir
Party Independent Independent
Popular vote71,35650,995
Percentage39.1%27.9%
  Andri Snaer Magnason.JPG
David Oddsson.jpg
Nominee Andri Snær Magnason Davíð Oddsson
Party Independent Independence
Popular vote26,03725,108
Percentage14.3%13.7%
President before election

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
Independent

Elected President

Guðni Th. Jóhannesson
Independent

Iceland
Coat of arms of Iceland.svg
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Iceland
Constitution

Presidential elections took place in Iceland on 25 June 2016. [1] President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, elected in 1996, stepped down after serving five consecutive terms. Historian and lecturer Guðni Th. Jóhannesson was elected after receiving a plurality with 39.1% of the vote. [2] He took office on 1 August, as the first new president of the Nordic country in twenty years. [3]

Iceland island republic in Northern Europe

Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 348,580 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country being home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Icelandic politician, 5th President of Iceland

Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is an Icelandic politician who was President of Iceland from 1996 to 2016. He was first elected in 1996, and was elected unopposed for a second term in 2000. Ólafur was re-elected for a third term in 2004, for a fourth term in 2008 (unopposed), and for a record fifth and final term in 2012.

Contents

Electoral system

The President of Iceland is elected by plurality in a single round of voting. [4] Candidates must be Icelandic citizens and at least 35 years of age on election day. [5]

President of Iceland

The President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his first term as president, elected in 2016.

A plurality vote or relative majority describes the circumstance when a candidate or proposition polls more votes than any other, but does not receive a majority. For example, if 100 votes were cast, including 45 for Candidate A, 30 for Candidate B and 25 for Candidate C, then Candidate A received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may have only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.

First-past-the-post voting voting system in which voters select one candidate, and the candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate wins

A first-past-the-post electoral system is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins. This is sometimes described as winner takes all. First-past-the-post voting is a plurality voting method. FPTP is a common, but not universal, feature of electoral systems with single-member electoral divisions, and is practiced in close to one third of countries. Notable examples include Canada, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as most of their current or former colonies and protectorates.

Campaign

On 1 January 2016, incumbent president Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson announced that he would not seek a sixth term in the office, wanting "to transfer the responsibilities of the president onto other shoulders". [1] [6] [7] He later retracted and decided to run in April, [8] citing political unrest after the fallout of the Panama Papers leak, which implicated Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson and forced him to resign after large anti-government protests. [9] In the following ten days five other candidates suspended their campaigns, one of them after endorsing Ólafur Ragnar. Former Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson declared his candidacy on 8 May, and Ólafur Ragnar withdrew from the race the following day, stating that there was now a supply of qualified candidates. A poll showing Ólafur Ragnar with only 25% support had been published the same day. [10]

The incumbent is the current holder of an office. This term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent(s). For example, in the Hungarian presidential election, 2017, János Áder was the incumbent, because he had been the president in the term before the term for which the election sought to determine the president. A race without an incumbent is referred to as an open seat.

Panama Papers Release of 11.5 million documents created by the Panamanian corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca

The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities. The documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source.

Prime Minister of Iceland Head of Icelands government

The Prime Minister of Iceland is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.

Davíð Oddsson attacked Guðni Th. Jóhannesson in two TV-debates for allegedly having an unpatriotic view of the Cod Wars. Guðni, a historian of the Cod Wars, dismissed these charges and explained that his take on the Cod Wars was nuanced and supported by research. Davíð has also said that Guðni supported Icelandic responsibility for Icesave and is in favor of EU-membership. Guðni responded, saying that his words were taken out context in both instances, and that he as President would make sure that the public would have a say in a referendum both on the resumption of EU accession negotiations and approval of any accession treaty. Furthermore, Davíð has alleged that Guðni will "undermine the Constitution" by supporting constitutional change. [11] Halla is personally against EU, and Andri Snær is undecided.[ citation needed ]

The Cod Wars were a series of confrontations between the United Kingdom and Iceland on fishing rights in the North Atlantic. Each of the disputes ended with an Icelandic victory. The Third Cod War concluded in 1976, with a highly favourable agreement for Iceland; the United Kingdom conceded to a 200-nautical-mile (370-kilometre) Icelandic exclusive fishery zone after threats that Iceland would withdraw from NATO, which would have forfeited NATO's access to most of the GIUK gap, a critical anti-submarine warfare chokepoint during the Cold War.

End-of-campaign developments

Despite an initial anti-establishment feeling, interest in the campaign waned in the last days due to the performance of the Iceland national football team in the Euro 2016. Like his predecessor, Guðni is opposed to membership of the European Union. In the final debate the day before the vote, he said the result of the Brexit vote changes "much for the better for us Icelanders", implying that the European Economic Area agreement that non-EU members Norway and Iceland have with the EU could play a more important role with the United Kingdom on board. His campaign promises included vowing to "modernise political life" and give voters a chance of direct democracy initiatives. [3]

Iceland national football team Mens national association football team representing Iceland

The Iceland national football team represents Iceland in international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of Iceland.

UEFA Euro 2016 2016 edition of the UEFA Euro

The 2016 UEFA European Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA. It was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016. Spain were the two-time defending champions, having won the 2008 and 2012 tournaments, but were eliminated in the round of 16 by Italy. Portugal won the tournament for the first time, following a 1–0 victory after extra time over the host team, France, in the final played at the Stade de France.

European Union Economic and political union of European states

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km2 (1,728,099 sq mi) and an estimated population of about 513 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where members have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. For travel within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002 and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

Candidates

Candidates had to formally declare their intention to run on or before 20 May [12] (five weeks prior to the election) and "be proposed by not less than 1500 voters". [5] The number of candidates in previous elections had been six at most, but the announced departure of the incumbent president prompted an unprecedented number of people to consider running. A total of 21 people publicly declared their intention to run, and around ten more were reported to be seriously considering it. Finally, nine candidates fulfilled the requirements for ballot access. [13]

Main candidates

Other candidates

Failed to get ballot access

Two candidates failed to collect enough signatures before the deadline expired. [27] [28]

Suspended campaign

Declined

Statement of intent

Timeline

Icelandic presidential election%2C 2016

Opinion polls

PollDateOlafur Ragnar GrímssonGuðni Th. JóhannessonAndri Snær MagnasonHalla TómasdóttirDavið OddssonOthers
MMR 22–26 April52.6–29.48.8–9.2
Fréttablaðið 2–3 May4538113–3
MMR 6–9 May25.359.28.81.73.1 [†] 1.9
Fréttablaðið 10 May3.269.010.71.013.72.4
Maskína 10–13 May–67.212.12.914.83.0
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ 14 May–67.17.81.517.46.2
MMR 12–20 May–65.611.02.218.13.0
Gallup 19–25 May–57.210.95.422.04.6
Gallup 26 May – 3 June–56.710.67.520.35.3
Gallup 8–15 June–50.915.512.516.44.8
Félagsvísindastofnun HÍ 19–22 June–45.915.716.316.06.1
Gallup 20–24 June–44.616.018.616.04.8
† based on 27% of the poll.

Results

Guðni won the election with 39.1% of the votes. [2] Halla received 27.9%, Andri Snær 14.3%, Davíð 13.7% and Sturla 3.5%. [2] The turnout was 75.7%. [2]

After voting on his birthday, Guðni said that he was satisfied he had "managed to present to the people my vision of the presidency." He said that should he win, he would first "go to France on Monday and see Iceland play England." [3]

V  •  T  •  E Summary of the 25 June 2016 Icelandic presidential election results
CandidatePartyVotes%
Guðni Th. Jóhannesson independent 71,35638.49
Halla Tómasdóttir independent50,99527.51
Andri Snær Magnason independent26,03714.04
Davíð Oddsson independent25,10813.54
Sturla Jónsson independent6,4463.48
Elísabet Jökulsdóttir independent1,2800.69
Ástþór Magnússon independent6150.33
Guðrún Margrét Pálsdóttirindependent4770.26
Hildur Þórðardóttirindependent2940.16
Valid votes182,60898.5
Invalid/Blank votes2,7821.5
Total185,390100.00
Electorate/Turnout245,00475.7%
Source: RÚV, MBL
Last election (2012)  —  Next election (2020)

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