Ifremeria

Ifremeria
Shell of Ifremeria nautilei (paratype at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Superfamily:	Abyssochrysoidea
Family:	Provannidae
Genus:	Ifremeria
Species:	I. nautilei
Binomial name
Ifremeria nautilei Bouchet & Warén, 1991
Synonyms [1]
Olgaconcha tufariL. Beck, 1991

Ifremeria nautilei is a species of large, deepwater hydrothermal vent sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae, and the only species in the genus Ifremeria. ^[1] This species lives in the South Pacific Ocean

Other species in the family Provannidae live in similar deepwater hydrothermal vent habitats. As is the case in species in the genus Alviniconcha , the tissues of Ifremeria nautilei contain symbiotic bacteria which live on the sulfur from the vents, and the snails derive their nutrition from this symbiosis.

This species is particularly notable because the female snails have a brood pouch on the foot, and because they release a gastropod larval form which had never been observed and described before until 2008.

Description

Ifremeria nautilei attains a maximum dimension of 85 mm, which is larger than other abyssochroids (length usually under 20 mm). This species hosts symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria that oxidize sulfur from hydrothermal vents. This arrangement enables it to satisfy most of its metabolic requirements.

This species is unique among the others in this superfamily in two respects. Firstly females of the species possess a brood pouch (a metapodial pedal gland) in the foot. Secondly the species releases unusual, previously unknown, uniformly ciliated lecithotrophic larvae, which are now known as Warén's larvae. These are free swimming larvae which swim with their posterior end forwards. They metamorphose after 15 days into shelled veliger larvae, the more usual form.

Warén's larva (named after Anders Warén of the Swedish Museum of Natural History), is the first new gastropod larval form to have been described in more than 100 years. ^{[2] [3]}

Distribution

This species occurs at depths between 1,700 m and 2,900 m, in hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon cold seeps in the Valufa Ridge, which is southeast of Fiji, in the South Pacific Ocean.

References

1. Ifremeria nautilei Bouchet & Warén, 1991 . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species  on 5 September 2010.
2. Kaim, A., R.G. Jenkins, and A. Warén. 2008, Provannid and provannid-like gastropods from the late Cretaceous cold seeps of Hokkaido (Japan) and the fossil record of the Provannidae (Gastropoda, Abyssochrysoidea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 154: 421–436
3. Kyle C. Reynolds, Hiromi Watanabe, Ellen E. Strong, Takenori Sasaki, Katsuyuki Uematsu, Hiroshi Miyake, Shigeaki Kojima, Yohey Suzuki, Katsunori Fujikura, Stacy Kim And Craig M. Young, New Molluscan Larval Form: Brooding and Development in a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod, Ifremeria nautilei (Provannidae); Biological Bulletin, Vol. 219, No. 1 (August 2010), pp. 7–11

External links

• "Ilfremeria nautilei". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
• Desbruyères D., Segonzac M. & Bright M. (eds) (2006). Handbook of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Fauna. Second Edition Denisia 18: 1–544. (Copepods 316–355), (Polychaeta 183–296).
• Osca D., Templado J. & Zardoya R. (2014). "The mitochondrial genome of Ifremeria nautilei and the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic deep-sea Abyssochrysoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Gene547: 257–266.
• Suzuki Y., Kojima S., Watanabe H., Suzuki M., Tsuchida S., et al. (2006). "Single host and symbiont lineages of hydrothermal vent gastropods, Ifremeria nautilei (Provannidae): biogeography and evolution". Marine Ecology Progress Series315: 167–175. doi : 10.3354/meps315167.
• Windoffer & Giere (1997). "Symbiosis of the Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod Ifremeria nautilei (Provannidae) with Endobacteria – Structural analyses and ecological considerations". The Biological Bulletin193: 381–392.

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