Alviniconcha

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Alviniconcha
Alviniconcha hessleri.jpg
Two preserved specimens of Alviniconcha hessleri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Family: Paskentanidae
Subfamily: Alviniconchinae
Genus: Alviniconcha
Okutani & Ohta, 1988
Type species
Alviniconcha hessleri
Okutani & Ohta, 1988
Species [1]

Alviniconcha is a genus of deep water sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Paskentanidae. [1] These snails are part of the fauna of the hydrothermal vents in the Indian and Western Pacific Ocean. [2] These and another genus and species within the same family ( Ifremeria nautilei ) are the only known currently existing animals whose nutrition is derived from an endosymbiotic relationship with a member of bacteria from phylum Campylobacterota (formerly Epsilonproteobacteria) and Gammaproteobacteria, occurring as endosymbionts within the vacuoles of Alviniconcha ctenidia (or molluscan gills). [3] All species of Alviniconcha are thought to be foundational species found near hydrothermal venting fluid supplying their bacterial endosymbionts with vent derived compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. These snails can withstand large variations in temperature (5–33 °C (41–91 °F)), [4] pH, and chemical compositions.

Contents

Description

The size of the shell varies between 20 mm (0.79 in) up to 60 mm (2.4 in) in height. The surface of the shell is studded with hairs on the periostracum, which ranges from a yellow/green to brown coloring. However, this thin periostracum is often missing or degraded due to high temperatures and chemical reductants found in nearby venting fluid. While Alviniconcha has been considered cryptic for many years, morphoanatomy studies on A. boucheti, A. kojimai, and A. strummeri have found distinguishing characteristics of the shell and head-foot regions. [5] These three species are the only ones known to cohabitate vent fields, all other species are found in isolated basins in the NW Pacific and Indian Oceans. Morphoanatomy has not been studied for A. adamants, A. hessleri, or A. marisindica, thus shell variation or morphology does not yet correspond to individual species. [2]

Life history

Knowledge gaps remain in the life history of Alviniconcha, however adult shell anatomy resembles planktotrophic development. [4] Unlike the sister genus Ifremeria whose development includes a novel "Waren's" larval form, held within a brood pouch (absent in Alviniconcha). [6]

Species

Until 2014, Alviniconcha consisted solely of the species Alviniconcha hessleri, described in 1988. In 2014, increased recognition of genetic differences between populations resulted in the formal description of five cryptic species within the former A. hessleri that were believed to be morphologically indistinguishable from each other but that have consistent differences in mitochondrial DNA sequences. [2] New research also suggests distributions of Alviniconcha in the SW Pacific are linked to geochemical gradients and endosymbiont chemical requirements. [7]

Species within the genus Alviniconcha include:

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 "Alviniconcha". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Johnson, Shannon B.; Warén, Anders; Tunnicliffe, Verena; Dover, Cindy Van; Wheat, C. Geoffrey; Schultz, Thomas F.; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. (2014). "Molecular taxonomy and naming of five cryptic species of Alviniconcha snails (Gastropoda: Abyssochrysoidea) from hydrothermal vents". Systematics and Biodiversity. 13 (3): 278–295. doi: 10.1080/14772000.2014.970673 . S2CID   85253352.
  3. ↑ Yohey Suzuki, Takenori Sasaki, Masae Suzuki, Yuichi Nogi, Tetsuya Miwa, Ken Takai, Kenneth H. Nealson & Koki Horikoshi (September 2005) "Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean". Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 71(9): 5440-5450. doi : 10.1128/AEM.71.9.5440-5450.2005
  4. 1 2 Waren, Anders; Bouchet, Philippe (January 1993). "New records, species, genera, and a new family of gastropods from hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps". Zoologica Scripta. 22 (1): 1–90. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1993.tb00342.x. S2CID   83548576.
  5. ↑ Laming, Sven R.; Stephane, Hourdez; Cambon-Bonavita, Marie-Anne; Pradillon, Florence (May 2020). "Classical and computed tomographic anatomical analyses in a not-so-cryptic Alviniconcha species complex from hydrothermal vents in the SW Pacific". Frontiers in Zoology. 17 (12): 12. doi: 10.1186/s12983-020-00357-x . PMC   7203863 . PMID   32391066.
  6. ↑ Reynolds, Kyle C; Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama; Strong, Ellen; Sasaki, Takenori; Uematsu, Katsyuki; Miyake, Hiroshi; Kojima, Shigeaki; Suzuki, Yohey; Fujikura, Katsunori; Kim, Stacy; Young, Craig M (August 2010). "New Molluscan Larval Form: Brooding and Development in a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod, Ifremeria nautili (Provannidae)". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 7–11. doi:10.1086/BBLv219n1p7. PMID   20813984. S2CID   34778665.
  7. ↑ Beinart, Roxanne A.; Sanders, Jon G.; Faure, Baptiste; Sylva, Sean P.; Lee, Raymond W.; Becker, Erin L.; Gartman, Amy; Luther III, George W.; Seewald, Jeffrey S.; Fisher, Charles R.; Girguis, Peter R. (November 2012). "Evidence for the role of endosymbionts in regional-scale habitat partitioning by hydrothermal vent symbioses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 109 (47): E3241-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202690109 . PMC   3511114 . PMID   23091033.
  8. ↑ Breusing, Corinna; Hagen Klobsunik, Nathan; Hauer, Michelle A; Beinart, Roxanne A (October 2022). "Genome assembly of the chemosynthetic endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent snail Alviniconcha adamantis from the Mariana Arc". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 12 (10). doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkac220. PMC   9526052 . PMID   35997584.
  9. ↑ A Snail So Hardcore It's Named After A Punk Rocker, at National Public Radio; published December 20, 2014; retrieved March 18, 2015
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