Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

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Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Col*leccions del Museu del FC Barcelona 14.jpg
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Trophy (FC Barcelona Museum). It bears the French name of the tournament, Coupe Internationale des Villes de Foires ("International Fairs Cities Cup"). [1]
Organising bodyFairs Cup Committee
Founded1955;70 years ago (1955)
Abolished1971;54 years ago (1971)
RegionEurope
Number of teams12 (first edition)
64 (last edition)
Related competitions UEFA Cup (replaced by)
Last champions Flag of England.svg Leeds United
(2nd title)
Most successful club(s) Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
(3 titles)

The Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, sometimes referred to as the European Fairs Cup, [2] Fairs Cities' Cup, [3] [4] or simply as the Fairs Cup, was a European football competition played between 1955 and 1971. It is considered the predecessor to the UEFA Cup (now the UEFA Europa League). The competition was the idea of FIFA vice-president and executive committee member Ernst Thommen, Italian Football Federation president and FIFA executive committee member Ottorino Barassi, and the English Football Association general secretary, Stanley Rous, who later became an executive committee member and vice-president of UEFA (1958–1961) and president of FIFA (1961–1974). As the name suggests, the competition was set up to promote international trade fairs. Friendly games were regularly held between teams from cities holding trade fairs and it was from these games that the competition evolved. Initially, the competition was only open to cities that hosted trade fairs, and where the cities' clubs finished in their national league had no relevance. Early competitions also featured a "one city, one team" rule, with some teams selected from multiple clubs.

Contents

After 1964, the Fairs Cup was sometimes referred to as the "Runners-up Cup", with teams now qualifying based on league position. The winning team received the Noel Beard Trophy (Trophée Noel Beard), named for the cutler who designed it. [5]

The competition was organised by the Fairs Cup Committee which was led by some FIFA executives until 1971, when it was taken over by UEFA and replaced with the UEFA Cup. [6] [7] According to UEFA general secretary Hans Bangerter, "The competition was very successful but the time came when the UEFA Executive Committee thought that such a major competition should be governed and organised by UEFA itself, which could ensure that standard rules were followed and could deal with refereeing and disciplinary matters." [6] [7] While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is generally considered to be the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA and ran under different regulations; consequently, the confederation does not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record. [8] [9]

History

Spanish era

The first competition was to be held over two seasons to avoid clashes with national leagues fixtures. Because it was also intended to coincide with trade fairs, it ran over into a third year. It commenced in 1955 and finished in 1958. Cities that entered teams included Barcelona, Basel, Birmingham, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Vienna, Cologne, Lausanne, Leipzig, London, Milan, and Zagreb. The first competition included a group stage and also featured some city representative teams instead of clubs. The eventual finalists were the city of Barcelona, dubbed Barcelona XI, and a London XI. While the latter side consisted of players from 11 clubs, the former was effectively FC Barcelona. After a 22 draw at Stamford Bridge, Barcelona emerged triumphant after winning the return 60. A second tournament took place between 1958 and 1960. This time, the group stage format was abandoned in favour of a knockout tournament. Barcelona retained the cup, beating Birmingham City 41 in the final.

The third tournament was held over the course of the 196061 season and all subsequent tournaments were completed over one season. The season also saw the holders, Barcelona, compete in both the Fairs Cup and European Cup. During the early days of European competition, these tournaments were effectively rivals and there was little or no co-ordination between the administrators running them. The European Cup quickly established itself as the premier club competition, largely because it had the advantage of featuring national league champions and was completed in a single season from the very start. The efforts of Barcelona ended in failure in both competitions. In the Fairs Cup quarter-finals, they lost 76 on aggregate to Hibernian, while in the European Cup, they were beaten in the final by Benfica. Roma took three games to beat Hibernian in the semi-finals before they progressed to the final. Birmingham City reached their second final in two years but once again they were defeated. After a 22 draw at home, they lost 2–0 to Roma in the return.

The 196162 season saw the rules amended to allow three teams from each country to enter. The "one city, one team" rule was temporarily abandoned and two teams represented each of Edinburgh, Milan, and Barcelona (respectively Hibernian and Heart of Midlothian, Internazionale and A.C. Milan, and FC Barcelona and RCD Espanyol). This increase in teams resulted in Spanish teams continuing to dominate the competition. FC Barcelona were now regularly joined by Valencia CF and Zaragoza. These three clubs won the competition six times between them from 1958 to 1966. The Fairs Cup saw three all-Spanish finals in 1962, 1964, and 1966. The 1962 final saw Valencia CF beat FC Barcelona 73 on aggregate and in 1963 they retained the title after beating Dinamo Zagreb with a 41 aggregate score. They reached their third final in 1964 but lost 21 to Zaragoza in a single game at the Camp Nou.

The 1965 tournament saw a record entry of 48 teams, testimony to the growing status of the Fairs Cup. It also produced only the second final not to feature a Spanish team. Ferencvárosi TC of Hungary beat Juventus in another single-game final. The 1966 competition attracted attention for all the wrong reasons. Chelsea were pelted with rubbish at Roma and Leeds United fought a bruising encounter with Valencia CF which ended with three dismissals. Leeds also had Johnny Giles sent off in the semi-final against Zaragoza. The final saw FC Barcelona beat Zaragoza 43 on aggregate.

English era

The 1967 tournament saw the emergence of English clubs with Leeds United reaching the final. Although they lost to Dinamo Zagreb, they returned the following season and defeated Ferencvárosi TC to become the first English club to win the competition. The subsequent victories of Newcastle United and Arsenal and a second win for Leeds United saw English clubs winning the last four Fairs Cup tournaments. The last final saw Leeds United declared winners on away goals after drawing with Juventus 33 on aggregate.

UEFA Cup

In the 197172 season the competition was abolished and replaced by the UEFA Cup after UEFA revised the entry regulations and concluded that the "one city one team" rule related with the Fairs Cup must be abolished, [10] which had had a particularly bad effect on English entrants for 196970, when Liverpool (2nd), Arsenal (4th), Southampton (7th), and Newcastle United (9th-also holders) got the places, at the expense of Everton (3rd), Chelsea (5th), Tottenham Hotspur (6th), and West Ham United (8th). The Football League upheld the geographic rule until 1975, when UEFA pressured the League to drop it or face sanctions. Everton that year, having come 4th, would have been excluded from the competition due to Liverpool's 2nd-place finish. [11]

Finals

Keys
Ed.SeasonChampionRunner-upScoreVenueCityAttend.
1
1955–58 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona XI [n1 1] Flag of England.svg London XI
2–2
Stamford Bridge London 45,466
6–0
Camp Nou Barcelona 70,000
8–2
2
1958–60 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona Flag of England.svg Birmingham City
0–0
St Andrew's Birmingham 40,524
4–1
Camp Nou Barcelona 70,000
4–1
3
1960–61 Flag of Italy.svg Roma Flag of England.svg Birmingham City
2–2
St Andrew's Birmingham 21,000
2–0
Stadio Olimpico Rome 60,000
4–2
4
1961–62 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
6–2
Mestalla Stadium Valencia 65,000
1–1
Camp Nou Barcelona 60,000
7–3
5
1962–63 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Dinamo Zagreb
2–1
Stadion Maksimir Zagreb 40,000
2–0
Mestalla Stadium Valencia 55,000
4–1
6
1963–64 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Zaragoza Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
2–1
Camp Nou Barcelona 50,000
7
1964–65 Flag of Hungary.svg Ferencváros Flag of Italy.svg Juventus
1–0
Stadio Comunale Turin 40,000
8
1965–66 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Zaragoza
0–1
Camp Nou Barcelona 50,000
4–2 (a.e.t.)
La Romareda Zaragoza 33,000
4–3
9
1966–67 Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Dinamo Zagreb Flag of England.svg Leeds United
2–0
Stadion Maksimir Zagreb 32,000
0–0
Elland Road Leeds 35,604
2–0
10
1967–68 Flag of England.svg Leeds United Flag of Hungary.svg Ferencváros
1–0
Elland Road Leeds 25,268
0–0
Népstadion Budapest 76,000
1–0
11
1968–69 Flag of England.svg Newcastle United Flag of Hungary.svg Újpest
3–0
St James' Park Newcastle 60,000
3–2
Megyeri út Budapest 37,000
6–2
12
1969–70 Flag of England.svg Arsenal Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Anderlecht
1–3
Constant Vanden Stock Anderlecht 37,000
3–0
Highbury London 51,612
4–3
13
1970–71 Flag of England.svg Leeds United Flag of Italy.svg Juventus
2–2
Stadio Comunale Turin 58,555
1–1
Elland Road Leeds 42,483
3–3
Leeds United won on away goals.
Notes
  1. FC Barcelona participated in this first edition of the tournament representing the city of Barcelona, under the name "Barcelona XI", and using, not the colours of the club, but the colours of the city. [12]

Trophy play-off match

After the 1970–71 tournament, the last of the Fairs Cup, the competition was abolished and replaced with the UEFA Cup. [7]

The Fairs Cup trophy had not been won by any club permanently, so a play-off match was organised to decide who would gain permanent possession of the original competition trophy. Before the match, then FIFA President Sir Stanley Rous presented silver insignia to the members of the 1958 title-winning side, FC Barcelona. [13] [14]

The one-off match was played on 22 September 1971, between the first ever Fairs Cup winners, Barcelona, and the last winners, Leeds United. Barcelona won this play-off 2–1. [7]

YearChampionScoreRunner-upVenueCityAttend.
1971 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
2–1
Flag of England.svg Leeds United Camp Nou Barcelona 45,000

Performances

By club

ClubWinnersRunners-upWinning yearsRunner-up years
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona 31 1958, 1960, 1966 1962
Flag of England.svg Leeds United 21 1968, 1971 1967
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia 21 1962, 1963 1964
Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Dinamo Zagreb 11 1967 1963
Flag of Hungary.svg Ferencváros 11 1965 1968
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Zaragoza 11 1964 1966
Flag of England.svg Arsenal 10 1970
Flag of England.svg Newcastle United 10 1969
Flag of Italy.svg Roma 10 1961
Flag of Italy.svg Juventus 02 1965, 1971
Flag of England.svg Birmingham City 02 1960, 1961
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Anderlecht 01 1970
Flag of Hungary.svg Újpest 01 1969
Flag of England.svg London XI 01 1958

All-time top scorers

RankPlayerGoalsClub(s)
1 Flag of Brazil.svg Waldo 31 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
2 Flag of Scotland.svg Peter Lorimer 20 Flag of England.svg Leeds United
3 Flag of Hungary.svg Flórián Albert 19 Flag of Hungary.svg Ferencváros
Flag of Hungary.svg Ferenc Bene Flag of Hungary.svg Újpest
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg José Antonio Zaldúa Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
6 Flag of Argentina.svg Pedro Manfredini 18 Flag of Italy.svg Roma
7 Flag of Brazil.svg Evaristo 17 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
8 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Vicente Guillot 16 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
9 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Marcelino 15 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Zaragoza
10 Flag of Uruguay.svg Héctor Núñez 14 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia

Top scorers by season

SeasonPlayer(s)GoalsClub(s)
1955–58 Flag of Brazil.svg Evaristo 4 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Justo Tejada
Flag of England.svg Peter Murphy Flag of England.svg Birmingham City
Flag of England.svg Cliff Holton Flag of England.svg London XI
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Norbert Eschmann Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Lausanne-Sport
1958–60 Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Bora Kostić 6 Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Belgrade XI
1960–61 Flag of Argentina.svg Pedro Manfredini 12 Flag of Italy.svg Roma
1961–62 Flag of Brazil.svg Waldo 9 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
1962–63 Flag of Italy.svg Francisco Lojacono 6 Flag of Italy.svg Roma
Flag of Argentina.svg Pedro Manfredini
Flag of Brazil.svg Waldo Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
1963–64 Flag of Brazil.svg Waldo 6 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Valencia
1964–65 Flag of England.svg Bobby Charlton 8 Flag of England.svg Manchester United
Flag of Scotland.svg Denis Law
1965–66 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg José Antonio Zaldúa 8 Flag of Spain (1945-1977).svg Barcelona
1966–67 Flag of Hungary.svg Flórián Albert 8 Flag of Hungary.svg Ferencváros
1967–68 Flag of Scotland.svg Peter Lorimer 8 Flag of England.svg Leeds United
1968–69 Flag of Hungary.svg Antal Dunai 10 Flag of Hungary.svg Újpest
1969–70 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Paul Van Himst 10 Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Anderlecht
1970–71 Flag of Italy.svg Pietro Anastasi 10 Flag of Italy.svg Juventus
Source: rsssf.com

References

  1. Attaway, Pete (December 8, 2012). Nottingham Forest Miscellany. eBook Partnership. ISBN   9781909178373. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2022 via Google Books.
  2. "British Cup next season". Glasgow Herald. 19 March 1970. p. 6. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  3. "German International". Heinz Moeller-Verlag. March 17, 1971. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2022 via Google Books.
  4. Prole, David Robert (March 17, 1964). "Football in London". R. Hale. Archived from the original on May 17, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2022 via Google Books.
  5. "Homage to an unloved prize". Game of the People. 3 August 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  6. 1 2 Vieli (2014 , p. 44)
  7. 1 2 3 4 Vieli, André, ed. (May 2009). "Origins of the UEFA Cup" (PDF). UEFA direct. No. 85. Nyon: Union des Associations Européennes de Football (UEFA). pp. 10–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022.
  8. "UEFA Cup: All-time finals". UEFA. 30 June 2005. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  9. "UEFA Europa League: History: New format provides fresh impetus". UEFA. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  10. Vieli (2014 , p. 45)
  11. "Everton to replace Stoke in UEFA Cup". New Sunday Times. Kuala Lumpur: New Straits Times Press. Reuters. 8 June 1975. p. 15. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  12. "Cara y cruz de los ingleses" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine at Mundo Deportivo, p.1 – 2 May 1958
  13. Tomás, Manel (21 September 2011). "40th anniversary of Fairs Cup victory". FC Barcelona. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011.
  14. "Fairs Cup Trophy play off - Nou Camp". Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.

Bibliography